Introduction

At the beginning of the twentieth century, experimental evidence suggested that atomic particles
were also wave-like in nature. For example, electrons were found to give diffraction patterns
when passed through a double slit in a similar way to light waves. Therefore, it was reasonable to
assume that a wave equation could explain the behavior of atomic particles.
Schrodinger was the first person to write down such a wave equation. Much discussion then
centered on what the equation meant. The eigenvalues of the wave equation were shown to be
equal to the energy levels of the quantum mechanical system, and the best test of the equation
was when it was used to solve for the energy levels of the Hydrogen atom, and the energy levels
were found to be in accord with Rydberg's Law.

It was initially much less obvious what the wave function of the equation was. After much
debate, the wave function is now accepted to be a probability distribution. The Schrodinger
equation is used to find the allowed energy levels of quantum mechanical systems (such as
atoms, or transistors). The associated wave function gives the probability of finding the particle
at a certain position.

Schrodingers equation
In quantum mechanics, the Schrdinger equation is a mathematical equation that describes the
evolution over time of a physical system in which quantum effects, such as waveparticle
duality, are significant. The equation is a mathematical formulation for studying quantum
mechanical systems. It is considered a central result in the study of quantum system and its
derivation was a significant landmark in developing the theory of quantum mechanics. The
equation is a type of differential equation known as a wave-equation, which serves as a
mathematical model of the movement of waves.

The time-independent Schrdinger equation states:

When the Hamiltonian operator acts on a certain wave function , and the result is proportional
to the same wave function , then is a stationary state, and the proportionality constant, E, is
the energy of the state .
In linear algebra terminology, this equation is an eigenvalue equation. The most famous
manifestation is the nonrelativistic Schrdinger equation for a single particle moving in an
electric field (but not a magnetic field):

Physical Interpretation
The wave function just as itself has no direct physical meaning. It is more difficult to give a
physical interpretation to the amplitude of the wave. The amplitude of the wave function is
certainly not like displacement in water wave or the pressure wave nor the waves in stretched
string. It is a very different kind of wave. But the quantity, the squared Absolute amplitude gives
the probability for finding the particle at given location in space and is referred to as probability
density. It is given by
P(x) =y

Where y* is the complex conjugate of y and the above product results in real number.
Normalization and Normalized wave function
Since the particle exists somewhere in volume V then the probability of finding the particle in
the given volume V is equal 1.

But, normally, the value of the above integral will not be unity but contains an indefinite constant
which can be determined along with sign using above considerations. The process is called
normalization and the wave function which satisfies the above condition is called normalized
wave function.

References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_equation
https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/76301/a-simple-explanation-for-the-
schr%C3%B6dinger-equation-and-model-of-atom
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_equation
https://www.scribd.com/document/149898444/The-Schrodinger-Wave-Equation
https://www.scribd.com/document/334331006/Deriving-Time-Dependent-Independent-
Schrodinger-Equations-Classical-and-Hamilton-Jacobi-Equations