Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
AcademicYear2015/2016
GeneralKnowledgeandLogicalReasoning
1 Studiesaretakingplacetoassessthebenefitstodentalhealthofaddingfluoridetodrinking
water,aprocessknownasmassmedication.TheHealthMinisterhasurgedconsiderationof
fluoridation,particularlyindeprivedareaswheredentalcareispoor.Fluoridecanoccurnaturally
inthewaterbecauseoffluoridecontainingminerals.Fluoride,ifinthewater,improvesdental
healthbyupto50percent.Evenso,fluoridationshouldnottakeplace.Acampaignleader
opposedtofluoridationhasspokenofherexperiencesoflivinginafluoridatedareaoftheUSA.
Sheexperiencedfeelingsofapathyanddepressionher2yearoldsonshowedautistic
tendenciesandhadwhiteflecksonhisteeth.Thesesymptomsdisappearedwhenthey
returnedhomefromtheUSA.
Whichoneofthefollowingisanunderlyingassumptionoftheargumentabove?
A Thereportedhealthsymptomswerecausedbyfluorideinthewater.
B Massmedicationisalwayswrong.
C Fluoridationischeaperthanimprovingdentalfacilities.
D Fluoridationisonlynecessaryindeprivedareas.
E Fluoridationofwaterisaperson'sonlysourceoffluoride.
Whichoneofthefollowingisanunderlyingassumptionoftheaboveargument?
A MigratinganimalsintheArcticcanadapttoclimatechangeassuccessfullyasgreattits
inOxfordshire.
B Birdsaremoreadaptablethanlargemammalssuchascaribou.
C ClimatechangeinGreenlandandclimatechangeinOxfordshireareofthesamescale.
D ThescientistsworkinginOxfordshirehavegreaterexpertisethanthoseworkingin
Greenland.
E Unlessanimalslikethecaribouproducetheiryoungearlierintheyear,theirpopulationwill
fall.
3 Now,itmightbethoughtanamazingcoincidenceifEarthweretheonlyplanetinthegalaxyon
whichintelligentlifeevolved.Ifithappenedhere,theoneplanetwehavestudiedclosely,surely
onewouldexpectittohavehappenedonalotofotherplanetsinthegalaxyplanetswehave
notyethadthechancetoexamine.Thisobjection,however,restsonafallacy:itoverlookswhat
isknownasan'observationselectioneffect',soitwouldn'tbesuchacoincidence.Whether
intelligentlifeiscommonorrare,everyobserverisguaranteedtooriginatefromaplacewhere
intelligentlifedid,infact,arise.Sinceonlythesuccessesgiverisetoobserverswhocan
wonderabouttheirexistence,itwouldbeamistaketoregardourplanetasarandomlyselected
samplefromallplanets.
Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainconclusionoftheaboveargument?
A TherewouldbenoamazingcoincidenceifwediscoveredthatEarthweretheonlyplanet
inthegalaxyonwhichintelligentlifeevolved.
B IflifehadevolvedhereonEarth,itwouldprobablyhavehappenedonalotofotherplanets
inthegalaxy.
C ItwouldbeanamazingcoincidenceifEarthweretheonlyplanetinthegalaxyonwhich
intelligentlifeevolved.
D Ourplanetisnotarandomlyselectedsamplefromallplanets.
E Howevercommonintelligentlifeis,everyobserverwillcertainlyoriginatefromaplace
whereintelligentlifedid,infact,arise.
Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainconclusionoftheaboveargument?
A Itwouldnotbeagoodthingtoincreasethespeedlimitto150km/hr.
B Raisingthespeedlimitto150km/hrwouldnotreducecongestiononmotorways.
C Ahigherspeedlimitonmotorwayswouldencouragealldriverstodrivefaster.
D Anincreaseinthespeedlimitwouldincreasetheexistingdangerfromthosedriverswho
drivetooclose.
E Congestiononmotorwaysiscausedbyspeedingdriverstryingtopassthosewho
observethespeedlimit.
5 Foodproducersareresistingpressuretoreducestillfurtherthelevelsofsaltinfood.Althoughit
isproventhatsaltintakemustbereducedbythosewithhypertension,thereisnoevidencethat
reducingsaltintakepreventshypertension.Sowhyshouldweallbedeprivedofthepleasuresof
saltinfood?Wecertainlyneedtoidentifythosewithhypertensionandgivethemadviceontheir
saltintake,butwhyshouldeveryoneelsebedeprivedofsalt?Foodproducersarerighttoresist
thepressure.
Whichoneofthefollowingbestillustratestheprincipleunderlyingtheargumentabove?
A Addingfluoridetodrinkingwaterhasreducedtoothdecay,butfluorideisunwelcometo
somepeople.Instead,dentistsshouldadvisepatientswithtoothproblemsonbettertooth
care.
B Therequirementtowearseatbeltshasreduceddeathsincaraccidentsbutwas
unpopularwhenfirstintroduced.Peopleeventuallyacceptedsuchchangesevenifithas
notbenefitedthempersonally.
C Retailerscannotsellalcoholtopeopleunder18years,butprovidingmoregeneraladvice
onalcoholinschoolswouldbebetter,asitwouldencourageyoungpeopletobeself
limitingintheirconsumptionofalcohol.
D Advicetowearsunblocktoprotecttheskinfromharmfulraysisignoredbysomepeople.
Thosepeopleshouldbechargedformedicaltreatmentforskincancer.
E Passivesmokingisstillaproblemforpeoplewhoshareahomewithasmoker.Thelaw
shouldbeextendedtomakesmokingillegaleveninthehome.
Whichoneofthefollowingconclusionsisbestsupportedbythepassageabove?
A Peoplewhoplaypoolaremorelikelytobeinterestedinthecompetitionthanthosewho
playfootball.
B Sincethemainreasonforplayingsportsistogetexercise,poolshouldnotbeclassified
asasport.
C Itiseasiertoexercisewhenitisaspartofanotheractivity,suchasplayingsport.
D Footballisabettersportingactivitythanpool.
E Thereisnopointinrunningasahobby,sincefootballismorefun.
7 Concernabouttheeffectsofchemicalsupontheenvironmenthasledtocallsformore
research.Butweshouldnotwaitforfurtherresearchbeforewebansomeofthechemicals
usedbyindustry.Ifanyonehasagoodreasontothinksomethingisharmful,itshouldnotbe
useduntil,orunless,theriskisfoundtobezero.Weknowenoughaboutpastmistakestobe
forewarned.Muchoftheharmtowildlifeandhumansislongterm,andthedisturbingresultswe
seetodayreflectthechemicalenvironment40yearsago.Thousandsmorechemicalshave
beenreleasedintotheenvironmentsincethen.
Whichoneofthefollowingmostcloselymatchesthereasoningabove?
A Asuspectedterroristshouldbearrestedatonce.Waitingforconclusiveevidenceinthe
pasthasresultedinatrocitiesthatcouldhavebeenavoidedbyactingonsuspicion,and
thethreatofterrorismhasgrown.
B Peopleshouldnotbeabletoadoptchildrenuntilpropercheckshavebeencarriedout.
Seriousconsequencesmayfollowifadoptiveparentsareunsuitable.
C Somehomesfortheelderlyhavebeenfoundtogivedangerouslysubstandardcare.
Thereforetheyshouldbecloseddownandtheresidentsfoundacceptablealternatives.
D Somecarsthathavepassedtheannualroadworthinesstestwouldnotpass6months
later.Carsshouldbetestedmorethanonceayearoncetheypassacertainage.
E Cyclistsshouldnotplacetoomuchconfidenceinthebenefitsofhelmets,becausethere
isnoconclusiveevidenceasyetthathelmetspreventseriousinjuries.
Whichoneofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakentheaboveargument?
A Mostchildrenhaveenjoyedtheeventsprovided,buthavenotgainedaninterestin
gardeningitself.
B Thepracticalexperienceofgardeningisnotatraditionalacademicsubject.
C Ittendstobeolderpeoplewhoareinterestedingardeningandgrowingtheirownfood.
D Someschoolsdonothaveagarden.
E Theeventstoencouragechildrentogardenalsoincludedstandswherejunkfoodwasfor
sale.
9 AlthoughtheEarthsupportslife,ithasamysteriouscarbondeficit.Comparedwithotherbodies
inthesolarsystemtheEarthhasfarlesscarbonthanwouldbeexpectedforaplanetthat
supportslife.OriginallyitwasthoughtthatintheinnerregionofthedustdiscwheretheEarth
formed,temperaturessoaredhighenoughforthecarbontoboilaway.However,observationsof
developingsolarsystemshavenowsuggestedthatthetemperaturewouldnothavebeenhigh
enough.Itismorelikelythatfireistoblame.Hotoxygenatomswouldhavereadilycombined
withcarbon,burningtoproducecarbondioxide.Therewouldhavebeenfeweroftheseoxygen
atomsfurtherawayfromtheSun.
Whichoneofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmoststrengthentheaboveargument?
A Theabundanceofcarbonintheasteroidbeltsurroundingtheinnerplanetsincreasesthe
furtherawayyougetfromtheSun.
B Thereisnotheoreticalreasonwhylifehastobecarbonbased.
C Attemperaturesthatarehighenoughforcarbontoboilaway,oxygenwouldalsohave
boiledaway.
D ThecarbonthatispresentontheEarthcouldhavearrivedatalaterdatefroman
asteroid.
E ThereareothersolarsystemswithEarthlikeplanetsthathaveanabundanceofcarbon
onthem.
Whichoneofthefollowingisthegeneralprincipleunderlyingtheaboveargument?
A Theenddoesnotjustifythemeans.
B Seriouscrimemustbepreventedbyanyreasonablemeans.
C Anactiscriminalonlyifitiscommittedforcriminalreasons.
D Thepolicehaveadutytoprotectlawabidingcitizensfromviolence.
E Thereisnosuchthingasavictimlesscrime.
11 Lookinginhisrearviewmirror,Grahamsensedthattherewassomethingwrongwiththe
numberplateofthecarbehindhim.Whenthecarovertookhimandhesawitsrearplatehe
realisedthatthefrontplatehadbeenupsidedown.
WhathadGrahamseeninhisrearviewmirror?
A B
C D
Whichoneofthefivearrangementsshownwouldbesatisfactory?
A B
C D
WhatistheminimumnumberofcansofpaintthatAlbertoshouldbuytohavesufficientto
completetheroom?
A 5cans
B 2cans
C 3cans
D 4cans
E 6cans
14 Afarmerwishestofixfencingrailstopostswhicharealreadyinplace.Thepostsareshownin
thediagram.Thefarmerhasasupplyofrails,eachone2.4mlong.Onerailorpartofarailisto
befixedbetweeneachpairofposts.(Hecancuttherailsintosmallerlengths.)
Whatisthesmallestnumberofrailsthathecoulduse?
A 5
B 3
C 4
D 6
E 7
Tomwantstobuythecheapesttypeofcardpossiblebutiswillingtopayforthedeluxeversion
insteadofthestandard.
WhatisthetotalextrathatTomwouldhavetopaytobuythedeluxecards?
A 22.50
B 20.00
C 25.00
D 27.50
E 30.00
Mouse 0.09 58
Forwhichofthespeciesshownistheratioofcerebellumtototalbodymassclosesttothatof
thecat?
A Mouse
B Dog
C Pigeon
D Rabbit
E Squirrel
17 TherearetwoservicesbetweenSandpointandGenville:afasthovercraftservicewhichtakes
50minutesandaslowferrywhichtakes1hour40minutes.Theybothstopinportfor20
minutesateachendbeforestartingthereturnjourney.TheystartoutfromSandpointtogetherat
thesametimeeachmorning.
Forhowlonghastheslowferrybeensailingbeforeitmeetsthehovercraftcomingback?
(Answertothenearestminuteifnecessary.)
A 1hourand20minutes
B 1hourand10minutes
C 1hourand7minutes
D 1hourand25minutes
E 1hourand30minutes
Whichoneofthefollowingisthebestestimateofherfuelconsumption?
A 6.8litres/100km
B 1.7litres/100km
C 7.7litres/100km
D 8.0litres/100km
E 9.9litres/100km
WhichoneofthesegraphscouldshowLeroy'sjourney?
A B
C D
Thefirstdigitofthebookingreferencewas4.Whatwasthelastdigit?
A 7
B 1
C 3
D 5
E 9
21 Whichoneofthefollowingpairsofscholar/fieldofstudyisNOTcorrect?
A MaxWeberPedagogy
B AmartyaSenEconomics
C LudwigWittgensteinPhilosophy
D KonradLorenzEthology
E DorisLessingLiterature
22 WhichoneofthefollowingpublicfigureswasNOTawardedtheNobelPeacePrize?
A MahatmaGandhi
B WillyBrandt
C MartinLutherKing
D NelsonMandela
E AungSanSuuKyi
23 Thediagrambelowshowsanaminoacid.
Whichoptioncorrectlyidentifiesboththevariablegroup(Rgroup)andtheacidicgroup?
A variablegroup=2acidicgroup=3
B variablegroup=1acidicgroup=2
C variablegroup=4acidicgroup=3
D variablegroup=3acidicgroup=1
E variablegroup=2acidicgroup=4
24 Inaprokaryote,transcriptioncanoccurinwhichofthefollowing?
1. cytoplasm
2. mitochondria
3. ribosomes
A 1only
B 2only
C 3only
D 1and2only
E 1and3only
1. oxygen
2. carbondioxide
3. protons
A 1and3only
B 1and2only
C 2and3only
D 1only
E 2only
26 Thetableshowssomeeventsofthenormaleukaryoticcellcycle.
Whichrowshowsthecorrectsequenceofevents(lefttoright)astheyoccurduringpartofthis
cellcycle?
A row3
B row1
C row2
D row4
E row5
ThisDNAmoleculeisallowedtoreplicatethreetimesinamediumcontainingnonradioactive
nucleotides.
WhichanswershowsthecorrectpercentagesoforiginalDNAandcompletelynonradioactive
DNA?
[Assumeallradioactivenucleotidesremainradioactivethroughout,andallnonradioactive
nucleotidesremainnonradioactivethroughout].
A row1
B row2
C row3
D row4
E row5
28 ThegenotypeQqRrproducesacertainphenotype.IftwoindividualswithagenotypeofQqRr
reproduce,howmanydifferentpossiblephenotypescouldbecreated,assumingallallele
combinationsareequallyviableandthephenotypesaretheresultofcompletedominance?
A 4
B 5
C 8
D 16
E 9
UsingthetRNAtriplets,whichaminoacidsequencegivenbelowcouldbeformedfromthe
mutatedDNAsequence?
A
B
C
D
E
30 Whichofthefollowingcouldbetheoutcomeofevolution?
1. speciation
2. achangeinallelefrequency
3. increasedbiodiversity
A 1,2and3
B 1and2only
C 2and3only
D 1and3only
E 1only
A bonetissue
B muscletissue
C skin
D ligament
E cartilage
32 Thediagramshowshowthepressurechangesintheleftatrium,leftventricleandtheaorta
duringoneheartbeatinahealthyhuman.
WhichrowshowsthecorrecteventsduringtimeperiodX?
A row1
B row2
C row3
D row4
E row5
Whichanswerdescribesthechangeswhenthesarcomerecontracts?
A 1getssmallerand2doesnotchange.
B 1getssmallerand2getssmaller.
C 1getslongerand2getswider.
D 1getslongerand2getssmaller.
E 1doesnotchangeand2getswider.
34 Somelocalanaestheticsaffectnervousimpulsetransmissionbymakingitmoredifficultfor
voltagegatedsodiumchannelstoopen.Inahumanpatienttreatedwiththeseanaesthetics
whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbetrue?
A Itwouldbecomehardertodepolarisetheneuron.
B Theaxonmembranewouldbecomemoredifficulttorepolarise.
C Themembranepotentialoftheneuronatrestwoulddecreasebelow90mV.
D Thesodium/potassiumpumpmayneedtoworkfastertomaintaintherestingpotential.
E Thethresholdpotentialrequiredtogenerateanactionpotentialwouldbelowered.
Duringwhichstageofthemenstrualcyclewastheconcentrationofoestrogenfalling,the
concentrationofluteinisinghormone(LH)andfolliclestimulatinghormone(FSH)maximaland
theprogesteroneconcentrationrising?
A fourdaysbeforeovulationandthetimeofovulation
B attheendofmenstruation
C betweentheendofmenstruationandfourdaysbeforeovulation
D afterovulationbutbeforethestartofmenstruation
E atthestartofmenstruation
36 Thefollowingeventsoccurduringareflexresponsetoapersonplacingahandonahotobject.
1. Myosinbindingsitesonactinfilamentsuncovered.
2. ADPandphosphateionreleasedfrommyosinhead.
3. Sodiumvoltagegatedchannelsopen.
4. Myosinheaddetachesfrombindingsiteonactin.
5. Calciumionsreleasedbysarcoplasmicreticulum.
Whichofthefollowingoptionsplacesfouroftheseeventsinthecorrectorder(fromleftto
right)?
A 5,1,2,4
B 1,2,4,3
C 3,1,4,2
D 3,5,4,2
E 5,2,1,4
Whichofthespotswouldshowapositivesignalbecauseitfluoresces?
A 2and3only
B 1and3only
C 1and4only
D 2and4only
E 1,2,3and4
A row1
B row2
C row3
D row4
E row5
39 Placethefollowingstructuresinahumanspermcellindescendingorderofsize(lefttoright):
1. mitochondria
2. nucleus
3. ribosome
A 2,1,3
B 1,2,3
C 1,3,2
D 2,3,1
E 3,1,2
A glucagon
B maltose
C amylopectin
D ribose
E amylose
41 Whatisthecorrectformulaofpropanal?
A CH3CH2CHO
B CH3CH2CO2H
C CH3CH2CH2OH
D CH3CH2OCH3
E CH3COCH3
42 WhichtwoofthefollowingoxideswouldNOTgiveacidicsolutionsinwater?
CO,CO2,SO2,NO
A COandNO
B COandCO2
C COandSO2
D NOandCO2
E NOandSO2
43 Assumethattheoxidationnumbersareasshownbelow:
N=3H=+1Cr=+6O=2
Whichcompoundformulagivenbelowiscorrect?
A (NH4)2CrO4
B NH4Cr2O7
C [(NH4)2CrO4]+
D (NH4)3CrO4
E [(NH4)3CrO4]
Whichoneofthefollowingcouldbethemolecularformulaofthehydrocarboncompound?
A C2H6
B CH4
C C3H8
D C2H4
E C2H3
45 Theatomicnumberofaluminiumis13.
WhichelectronconfigurationgivenbelowcorrespondstotheAl2+ioninitsgroundstate?
A Is22s22p63s1
B Is22s22p53s2
C Is22s22p63s23p1
D Is22s22p63s23p3
E Is22s22p6
46 Whenpropan1olisburntinexcessoxygentheonlyproductsformedarecarbondioxideand
water.
InthebalancedequationforthisreactionwhatistheratioofCO2:H2Omoleculesformed?
A 3:4
B 3:8
C 4:7
D 5:12
E 2:7
Whichstatementbelowexplainsthedifferenceintheboilingpointsforthesetwosubstances?
A Longerchain,lessbranchedmoleculeshavestrongerspontaneous/induceddipoles.
B Themoleculeshavedifferentrelativemolecularmasses.
C Isomershavedifferentchemicalproperties.
D 2,2dimethylpropanehasstrongerintermolecularforces.
E Pentanehaspermanentdipoles.
48 Potassiumnitratewasfoundtohaveasolubilityof120gin100gofwaterat80Cand50gin
100gofwaterat25C.
50gofwaterwasheatedto80Candsolidpotassiumnitrateaddeduntilthesolutionwasjust
saturated.
Thesolutionwasthencooledto25Cwhensolidpotassiumnitrateseparatedouttoleavea
saturatedsolution.
Usingtheinformationprovidedinthisquestion,whatistheminimummassofwaterthatmust
nowbeaddedtothemixtureofthesolutionandthesolidinordertomakethissolidpotassium
nitrateredissolveat25C?
A 70g
B 20g
C 120g
D 140g
E 190g
1. TheconcentrationsofH+(aq)andOH(aq)areequalbetween0Cand100C.
2. AnincreaseintemperaturecausesthepHtofall.
3. Anincreaseintemperaturecausestheelectricalconductivitytodecrease.
A 1and2only
B 1only
C 2only
D 3only
E 1and3only
50 Whichoneofthefollowing0.01MaqueoussolutionshasapH>7.0?
A Na2CO3
B AlBr3
C NH4Cl
D NaI
E CH3CO2H
51 AtomsXandYformanioniccompoundwithformulaXY2.
WhichoptionbelowcouldgivethecorrectatomicnumbersforXandY?
A X=12Y=9
B X=3Y=17
C X=6Y=16
D X=11Y=16
E X=14Y=8
Whatisthepercentageyieldofthisreaction?
A 66.7%
B 32.5%
C 33.3%
D 57.1%
E 93.0%
53 Thevariablesxandysatisfythefollowingtwoequations:
x+3y=13
2xy=5
Whatisthevalueofx+y?
A 7
B 6
C 8
D 9
E 10
54 Evaluate:
(2723)+(146)
A 360
B 80
C 40
D 840
E 1680
Expressyintermsofx.
56 Thearithmeticmeanofthethreenumbersa,b,cis8.
Findthearithmeticmeanofthefournumbers:a+1,b+2,c+6,3.
A 9
B 7
C 5
D 11
E 27
[Assumethattheblockremainssolidthroughout,andthatnoadditionalenergyisexchanged
betweentheblockandthesurroundings.]
Whichrowinthetablegivesboththemagnitudeoftheresultantforceonthecarandthe
directionoftheaccelerationofthecarattheinstantshown?
A row3
B row2
C row1
D row4
E row5
[Allthesymbolshavetheirusualmeanings:
v=velocityF=forcem=masst=timeV=voltageQ=chargeR1,R2,R3,R4=
resistance]
A electricalcurrent=(V/R1)+(Q/t)
B acceleration=(vt2)+(F/m)
C energy=(mv2)+Fv
D resistance=R1+R2+(1/R3)+(1/R4)
E temperaturechange=energymspecificheatcapacity