Heart rate monitor using 8051microcontroller

HEART RATE MONITOR USING 8051 MICROCONTROLLER

Name of the Members: - Name of the Guide: -
1. Himanshu Gaur (13EVJEC008) 1. Mr. Kausar Ali (Assistant prof)
2. Neeraj Meena (13EVJEC017)
3. Shubham Tiwari(13EVJEC028)
4. Yogendra Sharma (13EVJEC034)

Abstract:This project is designed to measure heart beat (pulse count), by using embedded
technology. In this project, simultaneously it can measure and monitor the patients condition.
This project describes the design of a simple, low-cost controller based wireless patient
monitoring system. Heart rate of the patient is measured from the thumb finger using IRD
(Infra-Red Device sensor). Pulse counting sensor is arranged to check whether the heart rate
is normal or not. The patient heart beat monitoring systems is one of the major wrist strap
watch, or any other commercial heart rate monitors which normally consisting of a chest
strap with electrodes. Despite of its accuracy, somehow it is costly, involve many clinical
settings and patient must be attended by medical experts for continuous monitoring.

Introduction the technique used here for sensing heart

rate is called photo plethysmography.
This project is useful in medical applications
and offers less cost and size than ECG
(Electro cardiogram). In the case of
emergency, for people who are suffering Block Diagram
with heart diseases continuous monitoring of
the patient are required which is sometimes
not possible in the hospital or the patient
location is far away from the hospital. In
such case this prototype circuit is useful to
measure the heart rate so that patient can be
under control, prevented from serious
situation before reaching to the hospital.

Heart rate monitor using 8051

microcontrollerdevice senses the heart rate
from the fingertip using IR reflection
method and displays it on a three digit seven
segment display in beats per minute. The
circuit has an accuracy of 4 beats per minute
and it is very easy to use. In medical terms,

ECE IV VIT, Jaipur

 Heart rate monitor using 8051microcontroller

Working of the heart rate monitor

LTH1550-01 photo interrupter forms the

photoplethysmographic sensor here.
LTH1550-01 is simply a IR diode photo
transistor pair in single package. The front
side of the IR diode and photo transistor are
exposed and the remaining parts are well
isolated. When the fingertip is placed over
the sensor the volumetric pulsing of the
blood volume inside the fingertip due to
heart beat varies the intensity of the
reflected beam and this variation in intensity
is according to the heart beat.

When more light falls on the photo transistor

it conducts more, its collector current
increases and so its collector voltage
decreases. When less light falls on the photo
transistor it conducts less, its collector
current decreases and so its collector voltage
Circuit Diagram decreases. This variation in the collector
voltage will be proportional to the heart rate.
Any way this voltage variation is so feeble
and additional signal conditioning stages are
necessary to convert it into a microcontroller
recognizable form.
The next part of the circuit consists of a two
active low pass filters using opamp LM324.
The LM324 is a quad opamp that can be
operated from a single rail supply. Resistor
R23, R17 and capacitor C5 sets the gain and
cut off frequency of the first filter. With the
given component values, gain will be 11 and
cut off frequency will be 2.5Hz. The gain
and cut off frequency are determined using
the following equations. Capacitor C15 is
used to by-pass noise if any may cause false
triggering of the comparator.
Voltage gain Av =1 + (R17 / R23)

ECE IV VIT, Jaipur

 Heart rate monitor using 8051microcontroller

Cut off frequency Fc= 1/(2 *R17*C5) Heart Beat Sensor The Heart Beat signal is
obtained by LED and LDR combination.
The second low pass filter also have same Pulses form hands interrupts the light
gain and cut off frequency. The two low pass reaching the LDR and this signal is read by
filters form a very critical part of the circuit microcontroller, The RF signal is transmitted
as any noise or false signals passing to the by transmitter in a digital format. This
microcontroller stage will produce circuit uses Manchester encoding to avoid a
disastrous results. The output of the filter long trail of one or zero. The protocol is well
stage will be a voltage level fluctuating defined for different device types ensuring
between 0 and 0.35 volts and this fluctuation compatibility with your whole entertainment
is converted into a 0 to 5V swing using the system 5 bit address and 6 bit command
comparator based on the third opamp length. Constant bit time of 1.778ms bits are
(IC1c). The reference voltage of the of equal length of 1.778ms in this protocol,
comparator is set to 0.3V. Whenever the A logical zero is represented by a pulse in
output voltage of the filter stage go Heart the first half of the bit
rate monitor using 8051.es above 0.3V, the
output of the comparator goes to zero and Component List
whenever the output voltage of the filter
stage goes below 0.3V, the output of the Name of Quantit
Sr.No.
comparator goes to positive saturation. The Component y
result will be a neat pulse fluctuating 8051 Programming
1 1
between 0 and 5V at a rate equal to the heart Board
rate. This pulse is fed to the microcontroller AT89S51
2 1
for counting. Microcontroller
3 Programming Cable 1
LTH1550-01IR diode
Heart Beat Sensor 4 1
Sensor
Op-Amp LM324
5 2
(Low pass filters)
Dc Battery Or
6 1
12v,1a Adaptor
7 162 LCD 1
8 Resistors 15
9 Capacitors 10

Application of the Project

The Health care industry is

responding to the increasing
popularity and availability of

ECE IV VIT, Jaipur

 Heart rate monitor using 8051microcontroller

technological innovations, this

electronic device will be able to
detect heart rate at any time, as it References
is relatively compact and easy to
use people will be able to keep 1. Circuitstoday web:
track of their cardio logical http://www.circuitstoday.com/heart-rate-
functions at any time anywhere, it monitor-using-8051.
will be their own personal doctor. It
2. J. Prasath, "Wireless monitoring of Heart
will find use with heart patients
Rate using Microcontroller,"
who need regular diagnosis to be
International Journal of Advanced
alert for proper and professional
Research in Computer Science and
medical attention.
Electronics Engineering (IJARCSEE),
vol. 2, pp. pp: 214-219, 2013.

ECE IV VIT, Jaipur