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NEW

PRACTICAL
CHINESE
READER
EXTBOOK
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Donated by NOCFL, China
Teaching Material Project Planning Group

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Canadian Consulting Group

Dr. Robert Shanmu Chen


Mr. Zheng Zhining
University of British Columbia

Dr. Helen Wu
University of Toronto

Mr. Wang Renzhong


McGill University
Project of NOTCFL of the People's Republic of China

New Practical Chinese Reader


Textbook

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^ ^ ^. : Jerry Schmidt
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ISBN 7-5619-1040-1
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^HJtg+ffllStt CIP Jg^ (2002)11 006477

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or trans-

mitted, in any form or by any means; electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other-

wise , without the prior written permission from the publishers.

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^fi^fe: 010 82303651 82303591

WM: 01082303081
E-mail :fxb @ bleu, edu.cn
CONTENTS

fif Preface

\$J1)Y%3 Introduction to Main Characters in the Text

- Lesson 1 <fft$f
>

\%X Text

if) New Words


. # Notes

H. iW Pronunciation Drills

p-^ Initials: b p m n I h

Finals; a o e i u u ao en ie in ing uo
EH. Conversation Practice

tTtSRf Saying hello

|HHg| Greetings

3L ip
-

^ Phonetics

1. ^#^P^# Initials and finals

2. M^m^K^M Pronunciation key

3. ^"ijp] Tones

4. Third-tone sandhi

5. #f^M Spelling rules

7a. Grammar
'iXi^S^i^J? Word order in Chinese sentences

-fc. J3l^ Chinese Characters

JX^S^^IlH Basic strokes of Chinese characters

H-ffi Lesson 2 ffliftpq


* -

MX. Text

^if] New Words


. Notes

H. in^^>I Pronunciation Drills

Initials; d t g k f

IS-fif Finals: ei ou an ang eng iao iou(-iu)

23- Conversation Practice

\m$MA Greetings

fn]^ Asking what someone wants


2l. ip^iJ Phonetics

1. Neutral tone

2. ^i=fSc4Jl Pronunciation key

3. ffiWMM Spelling rules

A. Grammar
1. ^^i^iffif^ Sentences with an adjectival predicate

2. J"^"W;&^ >
nJ "Yes-no" question with

-fc. fX^P Chinese Characters

fHii Lesson 3 JfeSWSA * - * (24)

iSHX Text

if| New Words


H. j# Notes

H. ip-a
1
^^ Pronunciation Drills

Initials; zh Ch Sh r

fij-SJ: Finals: -i
hJ ai uai ong
23- Conversation Practice

i^^B A Identifying people

|
p] |1| If Asking someone's nationality

3L i^E? Phonetics

1. H^ffiE^ Third-tone sandhi

2. "^"W^iJS Tone sandhi of

3. ^i^ll^jSI Pronunciation key

7v Chinese Characters

mi% Lesson 4 iAiRMii^ - - (36)

if SC Text

New Words
H. Notes

H. ip-Wt^^ Pronunciation Drills

Initials: j q X

fSj-fij: Finals; ia ian iang uei(-ui) uen(-un) ue uan


H- Conversation Practice

flf A^jfti^ Asking for permission

f ]^^ Asking someone's name

SSfe^V^S Introducing oneself

3L inlf Phonetics

1. &i=tW:M Pronunciation key

2. Sf^M Spelling rules

2
7\. ipfe Grammar
(1) Sentences with "^"(1)
-fc. Chinese Characters

^MSWJ Rules of stroke order

fif Wesson 5 #JtWJL -


(48)

i%X Text

ifl New Words


ZL. Notes

JE. inii &<3 Pronunciation Drills

Initials; Z C S

l^-Et Finals: -i[i] er iong ua uan uang un


0. Conversation Practice

$C,A Looking for someone

^3 [
J Saying goodbye

r^litfe^ Asking for directions

iHilf Expressing thanks

2L in^m Phonetics

1. JL^blft Retroflex ending

2. ^i^ic^/I Pronunciation key

7\. Grammar
y
flllSf]
>
f"t]itlfr?)fo] p) Questions with an interrogative pronoun

"b- Chinese Characters

fX^pJt-R ^H(l) Combined character strokes (1)

M?si% Lesson 6 (ftSJReview) mteffir&ilffW (62)

Text

M New Words
H. j# Notes

H. ii=f jlt^I Pronunciation Review

PS. Conversation Practice

i^ife Making comments

iSiSC Making suggestions

ilf^fiJC Asking someone to repeat something

$i!j5 Refusing or declining politely

3L in
1

iif Phonetics
"
1. Tone sandhi of

2. fl^^#^,&i
Table of Combinations of Initials and Finals in Common Speech
3
7v infe Grammar
^Klilin^ Sentences with a verbal predicate

-fc. ?3l? Chinese Characters

251 ? Jen* ^ll(2) Combined character strokes (2)

^ffl^l^n Combination of strokes

n-tm Lesson 7 ffciHR^iRffe (77)

MX Text

New Words
. Notes

V+ V+ to indicate a short and quick action

PJUfTW The interjection "PR"

45^JLcf/in Nouns directly used as attributives

H. Drills and Practice

1^J$CjALffl Meeting someone for the first time

$t^?ik Talking about one's major

H. l^l^fflS^ Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

2L in" 3? Grammar
1. ^7j5J3i^^ W/Sin Attributives expressing possession

2. IEJSUId]^ V/A-not-V/A questions


3. ^"^"^^W^IO&S:^^ Abbreviated questions with "PJg"

4. "-lfe"?FP"*|5"W^S The position of adverbs 'W and "*|J"

A- tX^f* Chinese Characters

Si^lM nPft Chinese character components

A Lesson 8 MlSKW/ldA (95)


. Text

New Words .

. Notes

The modal particle "Pffif"

iSwT'W The conjunction "fP"

"W" "r ffl 'W and "H"


M

rS/K^^^h^
1 ) " i3S" ( 1 ) : introducing an additional remark

Ui^TA" The adverb "A"


H. -^Jilffi Drills and Practice

iyfcl^jll Talking about one's family

NlRllk Asking about someone's occupation

T^^t^ Talking about one's university


PH. iSli^fP^ii Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

31. ip"fe Grammar


1. 11 lOOW^fffe Numbers from 11 to 100

2. |^ ili^f'f /Sill Numeral-measure words as attributives

3. "^"^'pJ Sentences with

4. ffi"Jl"^"^^"tll^ Questions with "Jl" or

7v Chinese Characters

?X^M^ot^(l) Stmcture of Chinese characters (1)

Ml

Lesson 9 ffe##~+^ (HI)
. if X Text

New Words
H. SE# Notes
"
"J&nq? " The expression "j&nq?
Slji^l"^" The adverb
" - - -
" to extend one's good wishes
^fc5Z* "1^5^

^i^iS^i^i^JBf^^i^ Verbs or Verbal phrases as objects

H. i^^-^iiffl Drills and Practice

Making an appointment

f^l^S&^n tb^iffe Asking about someone's age and birthplace

^5?^0 Celebrating someone's birthday

PH. O^-^fn Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

2L io^fe Grammar
1. ^-^M ^B^PMSl Expressing the date and days of the week

2. ^H^f fa] fiili^ip-ff Words expressing time as adverbials


y
3. ^i^iffin* pj Sentences with a nominal predicate
"
4. m" "JIlR] Questions with

7v Chinese Characters

t3l^W^R^(2) Structure of Chinese characters (2)

H+il Lesson 10 SSSSJLgAft (130)

mjC Text

New Words
Zl. tff Notes
i ,

Je^'f'ti^l"^'\ '3|5 TFSi^ Demonstrative pronouns "j^T" and

as attributives

"^S^+VP" "iS^+VP" to ask about how one should do something


" "
|n]^ Questions with

Jf ^^^? " " fx ^^^? " to ask the price of something

A Si Ff5 Monetary units of Chinese currency


5
-

E\. i$>I-^isffl Drills and Practice

Likes and dislikes

M^io" Wffl^ Solving language problems

Shopping

[Tp. |^i|^nJCi Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

31 . infe Grammar
1- ^i^t^-fi Prepositional phrase

2. ^ifMiii^(l): "Vi
Sentences with double objects (1): and
it;
3. ^Wi^Jili^^^Ug'Ji^l'^S" Sentences with an adjectival predicate and fS"

7\. tX^ Chinese Characters

?X^Rtl^nt^l(3) Structure of Chinese characters (3)

Lesson 11 3#^-JL)iI

. if Text

|f| New Words


Zl. Notes

"^,^UL" The indefinite measure word " -j^UL"


"SPM'^^lS'/E "SIPS" with a negative connotation
"35"(2) : ^^ll^^;)jfp^ai^ "jS"(2): expressing the continuation

of a state or action

PS- Si^ffl3C;i Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

3L infe Grammar
1. Telling time

2. ffiM^ili^(l):^ Jg.RTIM^M
Optative verbs (1): ,

4. ^i^gjif]iIi^(2):$i,N
ct
Sentences with double objects (2) :
|&" and "|jr]"

A- Chinese Characters

?X^pt)^n^(4) Stmcture of Chinese characters (4)


6
'

%-\--M Lesson 12 S^Uff^H (168)


. if X Text

if| New Words


. ftp Notes

j^i^]"^5" The pronoun "45"


"
^g^"f]JS@ "/g^" to ask about the cause of something

feHBhWW(l)&M%% The modal particle "PE"(1):

to soften the tone of speech

+ Pr/NP + & M
"fig + Pr/NP + as an adverbial modifier

^wT'tn" The preposition "q"

*( ),&JL
M W
The adverbial modifier "^(-O^JL"
H. i^^-^Sffl Drills and Practice

T^^j$^5i Talking about one's health

^TK^M Expressing one's desire

^/Fil&JI Expressing need or necessity

H- Kil^lCifi Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

551. i^Sfe Grammar


1. Zfeilifiip^ Sentences with a subject-predicate structure as predicate

2. j&ftlJ Ir]^ Alternative questions

3. mm^nim^(2) : ^MMM Optative verbs (2): "WMMM"


7v Chinese Characters

?X?6^p^(5) Structure of Chinese characters (5)

m+Hii Lesson 13 mxiRj-^mmmm am


. iHJt Text

New Words
.
ft# Notes

Mi^^^'^'Tf^ Adjectives and as attributives

"Pr/N+iiJL/^JL^/lK^^f
"Pr/N+jiJL/SPJL" to indicate location

"tfffi"^" and '"f

!ji^^(li^T^fflfE^i"o Verbs or Verbal phrases as attributives

H. ^>)-^gffi Drills and Practice

i^B^^^W^ Talking about something that has happened

ffij^r Renting a house

tiE^^i^ Asking for suggestions

tTfeirS Making a phone call

MtH Invitations
7
0. I^T^rfn JtiB Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

3L iff 54 Grammar
1. W'7"0) The panicle "T"(D
2. J^in-^o] Pivotal sentences

3. tgM^J^iii^(3):nJf^# Optative verbs (3) : "pjfg^"


A- Chinese Characters

SPti'S^Sfe Consulting a Chinese dictionary using radicals

H+ M
MX .
Lesson 14 (33 Review)
Text
MW^Mf&fc (206)

Q=M New Words


Notes

"fa] jff "f^iif ]^ ,


"fn]' 'i(f " to extend someone's regards

iiff^tWF^Ei'n Subject-predicate structures as attributives

^. i^>)-^igffi Drills and Practice

jfi^S-^iSStSfc Making a complaint or an apology

^iiNffl Passing on someone's regards

1? H Expressing holiday greetings

EH. I^T^^PjCizii Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

21. infe Grammar


1. G3 W^ifj^pJ^P Four kinds of simple sentences

2. A#JJ11r]7jS Six main question types

7v Chinese Characters

^J^S^-fe Consulting a Chinese dictionary arranged

by pinyin alphabetical order

Piit^: Appendices

i|^7i|Hf W&J^ Abbreviations for Grammar Terms (224)

Vocabulary Index (Simplified Script with Traditional Version) (225)

U^M^l Character Index (236)

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Preface

Neiv Practical Chinese Reader is a series of Chinese textbooks compiled at the beginning of the new

millennium for the puipose of teaching Chinese to native English speakers or those who use English as their

principal second language. It aims to develop the learner's communicative ability in Chinese by learning

language structures, functions and related cultural knowledge as well as by training their listening, speak-

ing, reading and writing skills. The series consists of seventy lessons in six volumes. The first four vol-

umes, consisting of fifty lessons, are for beginners and pre-intermediate level learners. The last two contain

twenty lessons for learners at an intermediate level. This set of textbooks is designed for overseas students

who either take Chinese as an elective or major in the language for a period of three years, studying about

one lesson a week , or one volume a semester . It can also be used by autonomous learners . Each volume
comes equipped with a workbook, an instructor's manual, audiotapes and CD-ROMs.

Why have we named our teaching materials New Practical Chinese Reader"!

We have given our textbooks this name , because it follows in the footsteps of the highly acclaimed and time-

tested Practical Chinese Reader (abbreviated PCR below) . However, in the meantime, it is an entirely new

set of textbooks. PCR has been published in numerous editions since 1981 and has been adopted as a text-

book by Chinese language educators and learners worldwide during the last two decades . The characters
appearing in the lessons of PCR (Palanca, Ding Yun and Gubo, among others), have accompanied two

generations of students of different nationalities during their study of beginning Chinese . Now these charac-

ters have finally reached middle age, and it is time for their children's generation to learn Chinese and be*

come the principal characters in New Practical Chinese Reader. These include Ding Libo, a Canadian stu-

dent, who is the son of Gubo and Ding Yun; Ma Dawei , an American student; and Lin Na, a British stu-

dent. The teaching of Chinese as a second language has changed greatly during the last twenty years as a re-

sult of the experience accumulated by the many teachers of the language , both inside and outside China

The new age in which we live requires that we improve our approaches and teaching materials . We hope that

this new teaching material will be able to make original contributions to the teaching of Chinese language in

a number of areas

New Teaching Material, New Concepts

More and more Chinese language teachers advocate the idea that the fundamental goal of language teaching is

to cultivate the learner's communicative ability in the target language. We believe new teaching materials

should be learner- centered . What is taught must be determined by students' needs and must enable them to

learn creatively, gradually strengthening their motivation and sense of achievement. We must create a

synthesis of all pedagogical schools, ranging from the grammar- translation method to the communicative ap-

proach. We should both emphasize the communicative function and also obtain a firm grasp of language

structure We should allow students


. to gain grounding in the four basic skills by means of a large number of

drills and exercises while also mastering the necessary grammatical knowledge and rules for word and sen-

tence formation. The study of pronunciation , vocabulary, sentence patterns, grammar, and speech are the

V
. .

foundation of linguistic communication. The only way that we can make the learning process easier and

smoother is by emphasizing the principle of moving from the simple to the complex and from the easy to the

difficult, progressing gradually as we constantly review what has come before. Finally, language teaching-

materials must help students understand the culture and society of the target language so that they can use

the target language more effectively. The above are the basic concepts that guided us while writing New
Practical Chinese Reader .

Features of New Practical Chinese Reader

1 . Neiv Practical Chinese Reader does not follow the linear structure adopted by earlier Chinese teaching

materials, instead adopting a cyclical arrangement with constant review of language structure and function

together with important cultural information . The teaching of language structure passes through four cy-

cles in the six volumes. In the first six lessons of Volume One, the focus of which is learning pronuncia-

tion, students are exposed to various basic sentence patterns by engaging in simple dialogues, although

grammar is not discussed systematically at this stage. The second cycle is found in the twenty lessons that

comprise Volume Two and the last eight lessons of Volume One. In this cycle, students learn and prac-

tice fundamental sentence patterns. As a result, by the end of the first year of study, they should have

an elementary command of basic Chinese language structure . Volumes Three and Four contain the twen-

ty-four lessons of the third cycle, which further consolidate, expand and deepen students' understanding

of lexical items and sentence patterns . The fourth cycle is found in the twenty lessons of the last two vol-

umes. Besides introducing more vocabulary items and grammatical points, these lessons concentrate on
the teaching of complex sentences and paragraphs not emphasized in earlier Chinese teaching materials

These four large cycles contain smaller ones that interact closely with the unit reviews , not only increas-

ing the students' command of linguistic structures and functions, but also (and more importantly) giving

them a sense of accomplishment in communicative abilities at each stage of the learning process

2 . Neiv Practical Chinese Reader breaks with the emphasis on structure at the expense of function

characteristic of earlier teaching materials . Even in its introduction to phonetics , this new series gives

prominence to function, training the students in the most needed functional items, such as greetings and

introductions, at the same time as it teaches the phonetics. The first four volumes focus on the teaching

of basic functions and topics of conversation, training the students' abilities to use language structures

for communication. The last two volumes cultivate students' ability to comprehend and communicate at

a higher level , especially in paragraphs . Functional items are included throughout all six volumes in or-

der to constantly improve the learner's listening, speaking, reading and writing. Some pictures and cul-

turally authentic materials such as selections from timetables, menus, advertisements, announcements,

newspapers and classical literary pieces are also used.

3. Unlike the vast majority of earlier textbooks, New Practical Chinese Reader emphasizes the systematic

study of characters . In view of the difficulties encountered by students lacking a background in Chinese

characters, the first two volumes stress the fundamental rules of learning the Chinese script, studying

easy forms such as basic strokes, character components and single-component characters first before

moving on to difficult ones . The first six lessons of Volume One divorce the study of characters from the

conversation text . The teaching of characters starts with the introduction of sixty common ,
easily learnt

characters frequently used as components of other characters, along with some character components.

The goal of this approach is to allow students to learn multi- component characters by first mastering their

VI
. . . . .

components

4. Transcending the limits of campus life, New Practical Chinese Reader distinguishes itself even at the

beginning stage from most previous Chinese textbooks by including a broader range of interesting materi-

als. The first four volumes develop a series of attractive stories, narrating the lives of the three interna-

tional students mentioned above, including their friendships, love stories and teacher- student relation-

ships with the Chinese students Song Hua, Wang Xiaoyun, the journalist Lu Yuping, the tour guide Xiao

Yanzi , as well as several Chinese language teachers . Volumes One and Two interweave campus life with

everyday experiences ,
introducing cultural norms and customs closely associated with speaking and com-

prehension . The third and fourth volumes concentrate on topics of interest to students ,
illustrating cultur-

al differences between China and the West . The last two volumes introduce various aspects of Chinese so-

ciety , highlighting traditional and contemporary cultural life

5 . New Practical Chinese Reader abandons the mechanical , monotonous and inflexible formulae of earlier

teaching materials and can be adapted to the needs of students beginning at different levels . It increases

the amount of vocabulary and exercises, while adopting a module structure that balances the relationship

between core material and supplementary contents . By guaranteeing the teaching of core material , it can

increase the amount of supplementary contents so that students can learn according to their individual

needs , and teachers can use the textbook to suit the differing levels of their students . .

The Layout of Volumes One to Four of New Practical Chinese Reader

Textbook

Text This section supplies the topics and scenes of each lesson. For the most part, Volumes One and Two
use dialogue form (with two paragraphs in each lesson) ,
facilitating audio-lingual practice and providing an

overall grounding in the reading and writing of elementary Chinese . The pronunciation section in lessons one

to six emphasizes the pinyin text, while lessons seven to fourteen focus on Chinese characters, which,

however, have pinyin written beneath them. In the second volume, pinyin disappears, and there are only

tone marks . From the third volume onward , tone marks are no longer used . In this way , learners gradually

free themselves from pinyin

New Words This part of each lesson analyzes the morphemes (characters) that form new words with the

aim of improving learners' comprehension and memory. At the same time, students can master the use of

new words by practicing them in phrases. Supplementary words can be learned according to the learners' in-

dividual abilities

Notes For the most part, notes contain explanations of new words, develop grammatical points taught pre-

viously , or introduce necessary cultural background . English translations are provided to help students com-

prehend sentences containing grammar that will be dealt with in later lessons

Conversation Practice (included in Lessons 1 - 6) , Drills and Practice (included in Lessons 7-14)
We hope students will thoroughly master the key sentences illustrating the fundamental linguistic struc-

tures and functions introduced in the text. By practicing phrases, doing pattern drills, and taking part in di-

1
. ,
,
.

alogues and communicative exercises, students can move successfully from mechanical exercises to proficient

interaction

Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing Exercises of this kind ensure the review of some of the sen-

tence patterns and lexical items already taught, thereby developing the students' discourse abilities in both

oral and written forms. From the second volume on, the contents of reading texts are expanded so as to

strengthen the students' reading comprehension.

Phonetics and Pronunciation Drills (included in Lessons 1-6) In view of the peculiarities of Chinese

pronunciation and the special difficulties it presents to foreign learners with English as their mother tongue,

the text focuses on the principle features of the Chinese pronunciation system , phonetics and spelling rules

Students can gradually achieve a good foundation in pronunciation by doing the exercises for spelling, the

four tones, sound discriminations, tone discriminations, tone sandhi , tone combinations, practice on disyl-

labic and polysyllabic words, and reading classroom expressions.

Grammar The grammar explanations take into account the special features of the Chinese language and

the difficulties encountered by native speakers of English in learning them. They do not attempt to treat Chi-

nese grammar comprehensively but articulate the most important grammatical structures and rules for sen-

tence formation . Each volume has two review lessons that help learners review the grammatical points taught

earlier.

Characters The text first introduces character components, later combining them to form characters.

Rules for constructing and writing characters are also given to facilitate the learning of Chinese writing.

Cultural Notes At first, cultural notes in the English language are provided so that students can gain in-

sight into cultural information related to their language studies . As learners ' Chinese proficiency improves

cultural notes are incorporated more and more into the Chinese texts.

Workbook
The workbook is designed for students to use outside class. In addition to exercises for studying characters,

phonetics, sentence patterns and words, it also includes general exercises for speaking, aural comprehen-

sion, reading, and writing.

Instructor's Manual
The Instructor's Manual makes suggestions regarding the goals and methods of teaching and supplies expla-
nations of each lesson ' s contents . It also supplies the instructors with more knowledge about phonetics
grammar and vocabulary . Unit tests and keys to the tests and exercises are provided .

Acknowledgements

Sponsored by the National Office for Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (abbreviated NOTCFL be-

low) , this set of teaching materials is one pail of a key research project undertaken by the Beijing Language

VIII
. . . .

and Culture University. Ms. Yan Meihua, the director- general of the NOTCFL, Professor Jiang Mingbao
and Ms. Li Guiling from the NOTCFL were responsible for planning and organizing this project. The presi-

dent of the Beijing Language and Culture University , Professor Qu Delin , and the chairman of the Council

for University Affairs, Researcher Wang Lujiang, guaranteed the smooth implementation of this project un-

dertaken by our university. In order to obtain an understanding of Chinese teaching overseas, we made a

study trip to six Canadian universities with Chinese language programs before compiling this set of materials.

We are especially grateful to Ms. Xu Lin, Educational Consul of the Chinese Consulate General in Vancou-
ver, whose work helped us establish our partnership with the Asian Studies Department of the University of
British Columbia. Our thanks are also due to Mr. Song Yongbo from the Teaching Bureau of the NOTCFL,

for the assistance he offered during the whole project.

We are very grateful to McGill University, the University of Montreal, the University of Toronto, the

University of British Columbia, Simon Fraser University and the University of Victoria for the great hospitali-

ty they offered us during our study trip as well as the valuable suggestions provided by our colleagues from

these institutions. Chinese language instructors from Queens University, Huron College of the University of

Western Ontario, York University, Langara College, Douglas College, and Comosen College also participat-

ed enthusiastically in our forum on Chinese textbooks. It is our pleasant duty to give special thanks to Dr.

Robert Shanmu Chen, Chinese Coordinator of the Asian Studies Department of U.B.C. , Mr. Zheng Zhin-

ing from the same department, Dr. Helen Wu of the University of Toronto, and Mr. Wang Renzhong of

McGill University, who agreed to be on the Canadian Consulting Group for our teaching materials.

Dr. Robert S. Chen and Mr. Zheng Zhining were in charge of the Canadian side of this joint project,

which would never have succeeded without their continuous organization and coordination . They are also re-

sponsible for the final proofreading of both the Chinese and English texts of all six volumes . Dr . Robert S

Chen, Dr. Cheng Maorong, Dr. He Donghui, Dr. Li Tianming, Mr. Zheng Zhining and Ms XiaWei,
. all

of U. B. C. , spent much time and effort translating the original Chinese text into English. Dr. Cheng
Maorong, Dr. He Donghui, Dr. Li Tianming, Dr. Mou Huaichuan, Ms. Lin Huimin, Ms. Lii Mingzhu,

Ms. Xia Wei, Ms. Yang Liqiong and Mr. Zheng Zhining participated in the proofreading of the Chinese

text. Mr. Allen Haaheim and Mr. Paul Crowe of U. B. C. . edited and proofread the first version of the

English translations, while Professor Jerry D. Schmidt proofread the final version of all the English transla-

tions. Dr. Cheng Maorong, Dr. He Donghui, Ms. Lin Huimin, Ms. XiaWei, Ms. Yang Liqiong and Mr.
Zheng Zhining did trial teaching of sample lessons from the six volumes at the Asian Studies Department of

U.B.C. . We are very grateful to all these people for their professional work

Special thanks are also due to the director and general editor of the Beijing Language and Culture Uni-

versity Press, Professor Wang Jianqin, editors Wang Hongyu and Wang Biao, and painter Yang Keqian who
did much hard work to facilitate the publication of our textbooks

The chief compiler of this textbook series is Prof. Liu Xun. The other compilers include Associate

Prof. Zhang Kai, Associate Prof. Liu Shehui, Associate Prof. Chen Xi, Ms. Zuo Shandan, and Ms. Shi

Jiawei . Shi Jiawei and Liu Xun were in charge of writing Volumes One and Two . Volumes Three and Four
were largely mitten by Liu Shehui and Chen Xi, and Volumes Five and Six mainly by Zhang Kai and Zuo

Shandan
We sincerely request teachers and students using our materials to offer their valuable criticisms and

suggestions to enable us to improve these textbooks in the future.

K
Welcome to New Practical Chinese Reader!

This textbook features several imaginary characters to

make your Chinese learning experience more enjoyable:

international students Ding Libo, Lin Na, and Ma Dawei;

Chinese teachers Mr. Yang, Ms. Chen, and Professor Zhang;


Chinese students Song Hua, and Wang Xiaoyun; and
Chinese reporter Lu Yuping. They, together with the help of

your instructor, will act as tour guides for your adventure,

guiding you and your classmates into the fascinating world

of Chinese, the language with the largest number of

speakers in the world today. Now let's get to know our


companions for this journey:
A *to it m
Introduction to Main Characters in the Text

TJjiM. DTng Libo Sj^^] Ma Ddwei Lin Nd


A Canadian student, An Ameiican student, A British student,

aged 21, male. aged 22, male. aged 19, female.

Gubo is his father;

Ding Yun is his mother.

5^#- Song Hud i'h-^r Wdng Xidoyun feif LD Yupfng


A Chinese student, A Chinese student, A Chinese reporter,
aged 20, male. aged 20, female. aged 26, male.

3t ^ Chen IdoshT Zhang jidoshdu $& )$


]
Ydng Idoshi
A Chinese teacher, A Chinese professor, A Chinese teacher,
aged 30, female. aged 48, male. aged 32, male.

- 2 -
This lesson begins by introducing some sounds unique
to the Chinese language, including tones. The Chinese writ-

ing system dates back more than four thousand years, and it

is especially intriguing to see how Chinese characters devel-


oped since their basically pictographic origins in ancient

China. By the end of the lesson, you will know eleven Chi-
nese characters and be able to express some everyday greet-

ings in Chinese.

% if Lesson 1
hao

Text

CD
Lu Yupfng : L'ibo, nT hao

LlbO: NT hao, Lu Yupfng.


5=1 New Words

1. ni Pr <ft> you

2. hOO A -iff good; well; fine; O.K.

3. Lu Yuping pn mffi-f (name of a Chinese reporter)

4. Ll b6 PN f] >jt (name of a Canadian student)

Libo: Lin Nd, ni hdo ma?

Lin Nd : W6 hen hdo, ni ne?

Libo: Ye hen hdo.


\\oi

1. ma OPt V (interrogative particle for question expecting

yes-no answer)

2. wo Pr I; me
a
J. 1 IfcM 1 Aav very

4. ne MdPt ^
p (a modal particle used for elliptical questions)

5. ye Adv too; also

6. Lin Na PN (name of a British student)

CD NT hao.
"Hello!", "How do you do?"
This is the most common form of greeting in Chinese. It can be used at any time of
day when meeting people for the first time or for people you already know. The response to

this greeting form is also "^^"("NT hao").

(2) NT hao ma?


"How are you?"

This is also a form of greeting, often used after you have not seen someone for some
time, and the response is usually "f^S^f "("W6 hen hao") or other similar formulae.

(3) NT ne?

"And (how are) you?"

(4) Ye hen hao.


"(I am) fine (literally, very good), too."

This is an elliptical sentence, with the subject "$"(w6) omitted. In spoken Chinese,

when the context is explicit and there is no ambiguity, the subject is often omitted. One
may also say "^P"("Hen hao") to answer the question "^pf^? "("NT hao ma? ").

iaE=r^5) Pronunciation Drills

Initials: b p m n I h

H# Finals: a e i U U

ao en ie in ing uo

( 1 ] Students are required to master the characters of the purple new words in this lesson.

- 5 -
1. W% Spelling
bd bo bT bu bin bTng

pa po pT pu pTn ping

ma mo ml mu
ne nao nie

le lao lie luo

he hdo huo

The four tones


a a d
nT ni rn ni

1 lUO hdo hao hdo ni hdo


IT If IT li

bo bo bo bo Libo

ITn lin ITn lin

nd nd nd nd Un Nd
lu lu lu lu

yu yu yu yu

ping ping Lu Yuping

wo wd wd
hen hen hen wo hen hdo
ye ye ye ye ye hen hdo

3. H# Sound discrimination
ba pa nu nu wu hu
(eight) (female) (five) (tiger)

bTng bin pie bie hud wd


(ice) (left-falling strokes) (fire) (I)

4. f^M Tone discrimination


md ma mu mu yl yi

(horse) (mom) (wood) (one)


ye ye I] IT men men
(also) (night) (strength) (in) (door)

- 6 -
5. H/^3Eii Third-tone sandhi
nT hao hen hao ye hao ye hen hao

6- SS^ITMM^ffiM Read the following classroom expressions aloud

NT hao.
NTmen hao.

PH . Conversation Practice
-
:

: KEY SENTENCES
j 1. NT hao.
: 2. NT hao ma?
: 3. Wo hen hao, ni ne?
"
4. Ye hen hao.

(-) [ttim Saying hello]

1- ^^%~fM^f^ Complete the following dialogue


Lin Nd :
Libo, ni hao!

LlbO; .

2. fflS^HS Make a dialogue based on the picture

(2) A :

B :

- 7 -
( [MM } Greetings]
1 yili/^T^'J v'; trV Gt)iis|)lc[o ihe following dialogue

Ma LI: NT hao ma?


LuYl: , ?

Ma LI: Wo ye hen hao.

2. '\H^:^i^i Situational dialogue


You mn into a Chinese friend whom you haven't seen for a long time. What will you

say to him/her?

(H) 0f$ Listen and repeal

o E3 Phonetics
'

'

- ; ... .

A syllable in the common speech of modern Chinese usually consists of an initial, which

is a consonant that begins the syllable, and a final, which constitutes the rest of the syllable.

For example, in the syllable "ping", "p" is the initial and "ing" is the final. A syllable

can stand without an initial, such as "ye", but all syllables must have a final. In the com-

mon speech of modern Chinese, there are altogether 21 initials and 38 finals.

2. $t#H#! Pronunciation key


Initials : m , n , I , h are pronounced similarly to their counterparts in the English language,

b like "p" in "speak" (unaspirated ,


voiceless)

p like "p" in "park" (aspirated, voiceless)

Note; Particular attention should be paid to the pronunciation of the aspirated

and unaspirated consonants: b-p.


Finals: e like "e" in "her"

ie tike ye in yes

-ng (final) a nasalised sound like the "ng" in "bane;" without pronouncing the "g"
Note; The pronunciation of the "e" in a compound final is different from that
of the simple final "e".

- 8 -
, :

3. Pffl Tones
Chinese is a tonal language in which the tones convey differences in meaning.

A(ba) $(bd) |E(ba) ^(bd)

In common speech there are four basic tones, represented respectively by the following

tone marks;

for the first tone

/ " for the second tone,

^ " for the third tone, and


^ " for the fourth tone.

When a syllable contains only a single vowel, the tone mark is placed directly above

the vowel letter as in "lu" and "hen". The dot over the vowel "i" should be dropped if

the tone mark is placed above it, as in "nT", "nfn" and "ping". When the final of the

syllable is composed of two or more vowels, the tone mark should be placed above the

vowel pronounced with the mouth widest open (e.g. hao).


The openness of the mouth for the vowels , from widest to smallest is as follows

Q O e I u a

4. Third-tone sandhi
A third tone, when immediately followed by another third tone, should be pronounced

in the second tone, but with the tone mark remaining unchanged. For example;

nT hao ni hao Wo hen hao. Wo hen hao.


hen hao hen hao Ye hen hao. Ye hen hao.

5. Spelling rules

At the beginning of a syllable, "i" is written as "y" (e.g. i6 >


yu), "i" is written

as "yi" when it forms a syllable all by itself (e.g. T


> yT).

At the beginning of a syllable, "il" is written as V (e.g. uo y wo), "u" is written

as "wu" when it forms a syllable all by itself (e.g. u y


wu).
When "u" is at the beginning of a syllable or forms a syllable by itself, a "y" is added

to it and the two dots over it are omitted (e.g. u


y
y^).
- 9 -
A- Grammar

^tl^iiU^ Word older in Chinese sentences

The main characteristic of Chinese grammar is that it lacks of morphological changes in

person, tense, gender, number, and case in the strict sense. The word order, however, is

very important to convey different grammatical meanings. The subject of a sentence is usually

placed before the predicate. For example:

Subject Predicate

fa
NT hao.

Wo hen hao.

Libo ye hen hao.

t- Chinese Characters

Chinese characters originated from pictures. The history of their formation is very long,

dating back to remote antiquity. Present-day Chinese characters, which evolved from ancient
Chinese characters, are square-shaped. Here are some examples illustrating their long evolu-

tion :

Complex Simplified
Picture Oracle Bone Small Seal Official
Character Character
Inscription Character Script
in Regular in Regular
Script Script

>3

-10-
1

1. St^SI^^Iili Basic strokes of Chinese characters


Chinese characters are written by combining various kinds of "strokes". These strokes
can be divided into "basic" strokes and "combined" strokes.

Basic strokes of Chinese characters


-

stroke Name Example Way to Write

The dot written from top to bottom-right, as in


\ > dian
n
is

the first stroke of "H".


- > heng The horizontal stroke is written from left to right.

VClLlUdl ollUJxC lo YVJ.1LLCH 1IUII1 LUU UUWIlVValU LU


shu
1
bottom, as in the second stroke of "t(v".

The downward-left stroke is written from top to

j / pie
bottom-left, as in the second stroke of "^j".

The downward-right stroke is written from top to


nd /V bottom-right, as in the second stroke of "/V".

The upward stroke is written from bottom-left to


- /> tf
4k top-right, as in the fourth stroke of "$".

2. isKM^^^L^- Learn and write basic Chinese characters

(1)

yi one 1 stroke

(2) /V
ba eight 2 strokes
X
II strength 2 strokes

(4) n (Pi) i n
men door 3 strokes

(5) i Al ^
ye too; also 3 strokes

11
(6)

ma horse 3 strokes

Note: "^7 " is written as " on the left side of a character.

nu female 3 strokes
4
Note " written as " "
on the side of a character
:
-
jr " is !/ left


it
(8) _2L T 9? JL
i

WU five 4 strokes

(9) yfv
mu wood
t ^" >N
4 strokes
*
Note; "y^" is written as ">j- " on the left side of a character.

(io)

hu6 fire 4 strokes


jit
Note: "^v" is written as at the bottom of a character.

3. i^^T^jC t 69231^ j
=l
Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the
texts

^ I

$v
in

^ + yjv E 1:

iSlfe^DiR Cultural Notes

The Chinese Language (Hanyu) and "Common Speech" (Putonghua)

Scholars think Chinese writing originated almost four thousand years ago and that the

spoken language goes back to remote antiquity, making it one of the world's oldest languages.
In spite of its great age, Chinese is now one of the most widely used living languages. The
language is spoken in many dialects within China, as well as in many overseas Chinese com-
munities, especially in Southeast Asia, Europe, and the Americas. And there are more than
a billion native speakers of Chinese worldwide. It is one of the languages the United Nations
uses when conducting official business.
- 12-
Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family. Hanyu, literally "language of the

Han", refers to the standard Chinese language, and is spoken by the Han, Hui, Manchu,
and other ethnic groups that constitute 94% of the population of China. There are fifty-six

recognized ethnic groups in China, using as many as eighty different languages.

Chinese includes variants from seven main dialect groups. The northern or Mandarin di-

alect covers three fourths of China's territory and includes two thirds of its population. Stan-

dard Chinese is also known by its official designation, Putonghua, literally "common speech".
Putonghua is based on the northern dialect, using the dialect of Beijing as the basis for its

pronunciation and modern vernacular literature for its grammatical structure. This is the Chi-

nese that is taught in this textbook.

-13-
Have you ever wanted to say hello in

Chinese to your friends? By the end of this

lesson, you will be able to greet others and


express your needs.

Lesson 2 NT mdng ma
# ft m
- S Text

Lu Yupfng :
Wo hen hao. NT bdba, mama hao ma?

Lin Nd; Tdmen dbu hen hao. NT mdng ma?


# 'if: ffeft] ^ #. if,, f| '! '*%?

Lu Yupfng : Wo bu mdng. NT nan pengyou ne?


ft nfg-f: 4 * '^o # If flfliL

Lin Nd : Td hen mdng.


^4=1
P
New Won Is

l. mang A busy

*2. ma QPt (a particle used for questions expecting a

yes-no answer ) [1]

3. baba N dad

4. mama N mom
5. tarhen Pr they; them

ta Pr he; him

men Suf in (used after pronouns ||,^,f-| or certain

nouns to denote plural)

6. dou Adv both; all

7. bu Adv not ; no

8. nan A male

9. pengyou N friend

* io. ne MdPt (a modal particle used for elliptical questions)

/TlW^] Asking

what someone wants


ma?
(

Ding UbO; Gege, ni ydo kafei

T fiit: IHtf & # *4 *%?

Gege : Wo ydo kafei.

Didi: W6 ye ydo kafei.

i 4 # ##c
DTng Libo :
Hdo, women dou he kafei.

[1] Words marked by an asterisk have appeared in previous lessons.

-15-
ew Words

1, gege N elder brother

2. yoo V J? to want
NT
3. Kaiei IN coiiee

4 didi N yuuiiiici uiuLiici

5. women Pr we ; us

6. he V to drink

7. Ding PN T ;
:
(a surname)

z. a1 its.
Notes
CP NT bdba, mama hao ma?
"How are your mom and dad?
Ill bdba your dad, nT mdma your mom,
ni ndn pengyOU your boyfriend.

(2) Tamen dou hen hao.


"They are both fine (literally, very good)."

(3) NT ydo kafei ma?


"Do you want coffee?

"^H*"^? "("NT ydo ma? ") is a sentence pattern commonly used when asking

what others want, whereas "( "W6 ydo ") is used to express what "I want".

(4) Wo ye ydo kafei.

"I want coffee, too."

(5) Women dou he kafei.

"We all drink coffee."

1=H^^ Pronunciation Drills

p-B}: Initials: d t g k f

^# Finals: ei ou an ang eng iao iou(-iu)

1- Spelling

de dou dan dang


te tou tan tang
ge gou gan gang
ke kou kan kang
- 16-
bei ban beng biao

pei pan oena piao

fei fan feng diu

hei han heng niu

% Jjl^p The four tones

ta td td

men men men tdmen


wo wo wd women
nT ni nT ni nimen
nan nan nan nan
peng peng peng peng
you you you you nan pengyou
bu bu bu bu
mdng mdng bu mdng
ge ge ge ge gege
dT di dl di didi

he he he

ka kd

fei fei fei fei he kafei

3. Sound discrimination
dd td ke ge kou gdu
(big) (may) (rnouth) (dog)

dou duo gen geng dTng tTng

(all) (many) (to follow) (nail) (to listen)

4, ffiM Tone discrimination


dao ddo tu tu you you
(knife) (soil) (again) (to have)

ni nT liu liu kdn kdn


(Buddhist nun) (six) (to see)

17
5. Neutral tone
bdba mama gege didi

nimen women tamen


hdo ma? NT ne? NT nan pengyou ne?

6. JRWi?^^ Practice on disyllabic words


yinlidO (drinks) yeye (grandpa)

kele (coke) meimei (younger sister)

hdnbdo (hamburger) fOyTn (pronunciation)

piliggud (apple) heibdn (blackboard)

7* II^IT^J^^ffil^ Read the following classroom expressions aloud


Ting WO fQyTn. (Listen to my pronunciation.)

Kdn heibdn. (Look at the blackboard.)

03 ^iSSS^E) Conversation Practice

* * i * * i a # * i * m % 4 #, 1

KEY SEN TENC ES \

: 1. Tamen dou hen hdo.


: 2. NT mdng ma?

\ 3. Wd bu mdng.
: 4. NT ydo kafei ma?
: 5. Wd ydo kafei.

6. Women dou he kafei.

(-) [mmX Greetings]


7g]jK? 1

] zHlS Complete the following dialogues


(1) A :
Dd Lin, ni mdng ma?
B : . NT ne?

A : .

(2) A : NT bdba mama hdo ma?


B : . NT gege ne?
A :

-18-
(3) A :
NT didi hao ma?
B ne?

)
Asking what someone wants]
1. Tci^T^'J^ffi Complete the following dialogues

(1) A Nfn ydo kdfei ma?


B Wo ydo kafei.

A NT ne?

(2) A NT ydo ma?


B

A ne?

) RffiiE Listen and repeat

-19-
Phonetics

L Neutral tone
In the common speech of modem Chinese, there are a number of syllables which are
unstressed and are pronounced in a "weak" tone. This is known as the neutral tone and is

indicated by the absence of a tone mark. For example;

ma % ne tfl men

2. $tW3?#l Pronunciation key


Initials : f is pronounced similarly to its counterpart in the English language

cl like "t" in "stay" (unaspirated)

t like "t" in "tag" (aspirated)

g a soft unaspirated "k" sound


k like "k" in "kangaroo" (aspirated)

Note; Particular attention should be paid to the pronunciation of the aspirated and

unaspirated consonants: d-t, g-k.

Finals: 6i like "ay" in "pla\ " (light)

OU like o in so

cm like "an" in "can" (without stressing the "n")

3. W^$M Spelling rules


The compound final "iou" is written as "-ill" when it comes after an initial and the
tone mark is placed on "u". For example; liu (six).

TV SJ ,
Grammar
1- ?^W^MM^J Sentences with an adjectival predicate

Subject Predicate

NT hao.

m U Co
To hen mdng.

3%
Wo bu mdng.

mn
Tamen dou hen hao.

-20-
Adjectives in Chinese can function directly as predicates. This kind of sentence is

called a sentence with an adjectival predicate. Adjectives in this kind of sentence can be
<<;
modified by adverbs such as fS", "til", and The negative form of sentences with an

adjectival predicate is generated by placing the negative adverb before the adjective that

functions as the predicate. For example; "^^ft".


Note: Adverbs such as "^It", "ttl", and must be placed before the adjective they
modify.

2. jrwrftWi^ "Yes-no" question with "NT


A declarative sentence can be changed into a "yes-no" question by adding the question

particle "fl^" at the end of it.

Statement Question

Wo ^
NT hdo. NT hao ma?

Ta baba mama dou hao. Ta bdba mama dou hao ma?

Ta mdng. Ta mdng ma?

NT ydo kafei. NT ydo kafei ma?

Chinese Characters

1. iA^SI^St 5? Learn and write basic Chinese characters

(1) T
ding nail 2 strokes
i
(2) 77 7 77
ddo knife 2 strokes
Note :
" 77 " is written as " 'J
" on the right side of a character.

O) X. 7 X.
you again 2 strokes
Note: "X" was originally a pictograph of "the right hand".

(4) ;t
dd big 3 strokes
-21
(5) a \ pn
k0U mouth 3 strokes

(6)
- + A
tU earth 3 strokes

Note: "A" is written as " " on the left side of a character

%
(7)

lift SIX 4 strokes

(8) 7
bu no, not 4 strokes

(9) ^ ^ F f' Jkj II


nf Buddhist nun 5 strokes
II

ke can, may 5 strokes

2. iU^HjUfc^ftSltX^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the

texts

(1) ma (i-D
a + ^
(" Q " denotes the meaning of speaking, " 5;
" denotes the pronunciation)

(2) % ne

("p" denotes the meaning of speaking, "JL" denotes the pronunciation)

(3) mama
* + -3/
("4 "
denotes the meaning of woman, "^7" denotes the pronunciation)

(4) gege

+ T
22-
Cultural Notes

Chinese Characters and Simplified Script

The Chinese script is the only logographic writing system still in daily use in the world

today. Unlike the alphabetic systems used by most languages, Chinese script is made up of

characters, the majority of which are "pictophonetic". Most consist of one component indicat-
ing the sound of the character, the phonetic, combined with one semantic component, the

signific or radical , which shows the category of meaning to which the character belongs.
Chinese characters represent monosyllables, and generally each character represents a
single morpheme. The total number of Chinese characters is estimated at over fifty thousand,

of which only five to eight thousand are frequently used , while three thousand are normally

adequate for everyday situations.


A considerable number of Chinese characters are composed of numerous strokes and are

therefore complicated to write. With a view to facilitating writing, modern scholars have made
continuous attempts to simplify the writing system. The object of these language reforms has

been twofold : to reduce the number of characters by eliminating complex variants , and to re-

duce the number of strokes in certain characters. What are known as "simplified characters"

refer to graphs that have been thus altered; traditional characters, on the other hand, are

those that retain their earlier forms.

The use of simplified characters is now official policy in the People's Republic of China,

while traditional characters are restricted mainly to academic use or aesthetic purposes. Sim-

plified characters have the advantages of being easier to learn, memorize, read and write.

Here are two examples;

iS/ mother (simplified) mother (traditional)

n door (simplified) H door (traditional)

Simplified characters are used in this textbook, but traditional characters are also supplied

for the convenience of the reader.

-23-
Now, would you like to use Chinese to learn more
about the people you meet? This lesson will show you how

to ask a person's occupation and nationality, as well as

introduce friends, family and others. In addition, we will

create compound words from basic words.

iH Lesson 3
Ta shi na guo ren

m* m ha
Text

Gege : Libo, nd shi shei?

Ding Libo: Nd shi women IdoshT.

Gege : Ta shi nd gud ren?


a# n A?
Ding Libo; Ta shi Zhonggud ren Women Idoshi dou shi Zhonggud ren
New Words

h ta Pr she ; her

2. shi V to be

3. na QPr which

4. QUO N m country , nation

5. ren N people ,
person

6. nd Pr
that

7. shei QPr who ; whom


8. laoshT N teacher

^9. dou Adv both; all

10. Zhongguo PN China

Ding LlbO; Chen laoshi, nfn hao! Zhe shi wo gege, ta shi waiyu

T
laoshT.

Chen laoshi: NT hao.

% *fo

DTng Libo : Zhe shi wo pengyou.


T ^7^L: & ^ it mXo
Chen NT hao! NT ye shi laoshi ma?
laoshT:

# if! $ %A ^ ^?
Pengyou : Nfn hao! Wo bu shi laoshT, wo shi yTsheng.

m ^! A T> A A & Sic


Chen laoshT: Libo, zhe shi nT nainai ma?
I* A # ^5-fe5 4?
DTng Libo: Bu shi, ta shi wo waipo.
T * A, Ifc AA
Chen laoshT; Waipo, nfn hao!
I* MW:
25-
\v ords

l. nin Pr M. you (polite form)

2. zhe Pr it this

* 3. ta Pr she; her

4. wdiyu N foreign language

*$. nT Pr you

6. yTsheng N doctor; physician

7. nainai N grandmother on the father's side

8. wdipo N grandmother on the mother's side

9. Chen PN (a surname)

> Notes

(D Ta sh) n6 gu6 r6n?


"What's her nationality?

There are two Chinese characters for the third person singular "ta"; one is " jjfe used
" ,

for a male; the other "$(ij", refers to a female.

(D Ta shl Zhonggu6 rGn.

"She is a Chinese."

To indicate the nationality of an individual, the character "A"(fGn) is usually placed

after the name of his/her country of origin. For example;

^HKZhonggub) ^HACZhongguo ren)

(D Ch6n IfioshT, nfn hfto\

In China, a person's position or occupation, such as the director of a factory, manager,

section head, engineer, movie director, or teacher, is frequently used as a title to address

him/her in preference to such expressions as Mr. or Miss. Surnames always precede the ti-

tles. It is considered impolite for a student to address a teacher directly by his/her personal

name. "Surname + teacher" is the most proper form of address frequently used for a teach-

er, e.g., "Chen laoshT(f^0)".


)
"nfn (iii " is the polite form of "{/p", commonly used to refer to an elderly or a senior

person during a conversation or to a person of the same generation when speaking on a for-

mal occasion. People in Beijing are quite fond of using this form of address.

-26-
<D Zh6 shl w6 gege.
"This is my elder brother."
"
When introducing someone to a person , we often use the sentence pattern "
&H
1

("Zh6 Shl-**"). "ft" (Shl) is pronounced as a weak syllable.

Llbo, zh6 shl nT ntiinai nna? BCi shl, ta shl w6 w6ip6.


The Chinese language uses many words for referring to individuals in a family so that

their specific relationship to other members of the family is made clear. Different words are

used depending on whether a relative is on the mother's or wife's side or on the father's or

husband's side. Some examples are "yeye" and "nainai" used by a child to address the

parents of his/her father, differentiated from "wdigong" and "wdipo" used to address his/

her mother's parents.

io E3h^l Pronunciation Drills

p-Bfr Initials: zh ch sh r

S# Finals: J [\]

ai uai ong

L Spelling

zha cha sha


zhT chT shT ri

zhe che she reng

zhai chai shai rang

zhou chou shou


zhuo chuo shuo
zhuai chuai shucti

zhong chong

2, The four tones

cha chd cha chd


ru ru ru

zhe zhe zhe zhe


shT shi shT shl zhe shi

-27-
lao lao lao lao Idoshi

chen chen chen chen Chen IdoshT

wai wai wai

yu yu yu yu wdiyu

y" yf yi yi

sheng sheng sheng sheng yTsheng

zhdng zhong zhong


guo guo guo guo Zhongguo
ren ren ren Zhongguo ren

3. Wtiif Sound discrimination


zhong chong sheng shang ri re

(middle) (to be born) (sun) (hot)

bi pi ddng tdng rdu rud


(dagger) (to understand) (meat)

4. ffiM Tone discrimination


shi shT zhe zhe ren ren

(ten) (arrow) (person; thing) (this) (person)

pdi pdi cheng cheng zhudi -


zhudi
(city)

5. Half third tone


IdoshT ndinai women rumen
wo gege wo pengyou wo ndinai

ni wdipd ni bdba nd gud ren


hdo ma ni mdng hen mdng
ni ydo wo ydo ye ydo kele

6. PtMM'h Combination of tones


it~)j
T"
tt V tt^f)
*T
it \ }} a~J> a
+ o >>

kafei Zhongguo heibdn shengdido tamen


(tone)

1
" here represents the neutral tone.
[ ]

-28-
yisheng he chd shentl chifdn zhidao
(to drink tea) (body) (to eat a meal) (to know)

Ci / tf / }7 a / v> V ft

tushu chdngchdng niundi liuli pengyou


(books) (often) (milk) (fluent)

chenggdng yinhdng pinggud chiddo yeye


(success) (bank) (apple) (late)

7. Practice on disyllabic words


gongren (worker) YinggUO (England, UK)
shangren (merchant) DegUO (Germany)

lUShT (lawyer) MeigUO (America)

gdnbU (cadre) FdgUO (France)

Chdngzhdng (factory manager) EgUO (Russia)

ndngmin (peasant) Rlben (Japan)

8* ||^I~F^!J^^M^ Read the following classroom expressions aloud


Dd kai shu. (Open the book.)

Gen wo nidn. (Read after me.)

Nimen nidn. (Read out.)

Dong bu ddng? (Do you understand? )

Dong le. (Yes, I/we understand.)

Bu ddng. (No, I/we don't understand.)

Conversation Practice

KEY SEN TENCES


L Nd shi shei?

2. Nd shi women IdoshT.

3. Ta shi nd gud ren?


4. Ta shi Zhonggud ren.

5. Zhe wo pengyou.
shi

6. NT ye shi IdoshT ma?


7. Wo bu shi IdoshT, wo shi yTsheng

29-
(
) [UJhA Identifying people]

^111^15 Make a dialogue based on die picture

(1) A : Nd shi shei?

B : Nd shi

(2) A Ta: shi shei?

B : Ta shi .

(Zlj [ IrHHH Asking someone's nationality]

1. 7tf$L 1" ^l.J^iS' Complete the following dialogues

(1) A : Nfn shi nd guo ren?

B : .

A : Ta ne?

B : .

(2) A : Nfn shi YTngguo ren ma?


B :
Bu shi, . Nfn shi nd guo ren?
A: .

-30-
A; Ta shi na guo ren?

B :

(H) [it in Introducing people]


1 .
h ^J-^riff ^onipiclc I he following dialogues

(1) A :
Zhe shi Lin yTsheng. Zhe shi Chen laoshT

B : .

C : Nin hao, Lin yTsheng.

(2) A:

2. i'fl^^iS" Situational dialogue


Introduce your teacher and classmates.

BJtM? Listen and repeat

-31 -
la E3 Phonetics

1. H^^ii Third-tone sandhi


A third tone, when followed by a first, second or fourth tone, or most neutral tone

syllables, usually becomes a half third tone, that is, a tone that only falls but does not rise.

The tone mark is unchanged. For example;

ni gege wo ydo
ni mdng ma?

a
2. ^"tft&n Tone sandhi of
"yp" is a fourth tone syllable by itself. But it becomes a second tone when followed by a
fourth tone. For example;

bu he bu mdng bu hdo
bu shi bu ydo

3. 15t Pronunciation key


Initials; zh like "j" in "jerk", but with the tip of the tongue curled farther back,

unaspirated.

Ch like "ch" in "i church", but with the tip of the tongue curled farther

back ,
aspirated.

Sh like "sh" in "ship", but with the tip of the tongue curled farther back.

r as in "right" in English, but with lips unrounded, and the tip of the

tongue curled farther back. Always pronounce the Chinese /r/ sound

with a nice smile !


:

Finals; ai like "y" in "sky" (light)

-i
hJ [\Y ^ "Zhi", "Chi", "shi" and "ri" is pronounced differently

from the simple final "i [i]". After pronouncing the initials "zh",

"ch", "sh" and "r", the tongue does not move. Care must be taken not
to pronounce the simple final "i [i]", which is never found after "zh",
ch , sh or r .

Chinese Characters

1. i^Sf ii^tX^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters

ren

Note: On
people, person

the left side of a character,


2 strokes
"A" is written as "
K
\

-32-
h

a)
shl ten
-
2 strokes

^
/ /
(3)

bT dagger 2 strokes

(4) + 1 rri=nf> A
4*
4
Zhong middle 4 strokes

(5) ei

ri sun
i n H EJ

4 strokes
Q Q
n
(6) ja
bei
)

shell
i
jn jq
4 strokes
3

(7) i " * II
yu jade 5 strokes
u
Note; On the left side of a character, "A" is written as $

A
(8) /

shT aiTow 5 strokes i j

(9) . ;
^^^i
sheng to be born; suffix denoting person 5 strokes
-.4

do) % ' +
(^+9)
zhe person; thing 8 strokes

2, i^^iftjt+EiijS^SX.^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing

in the texts

(i) * ta

d& > ~k +
(The "female" side, "i ", denotes something related to a woman.)

-33
(2) % ta

ft \ + & "
(The "standing person" side, \ ", denotes something related to a person.)

(3) -fn men (in)

in \ + n
(The meaning side " "
H ".)
is \ ", and the phonetic side is

(4) # ni

(fc : ' f 5 strokes)

(The "standing person" side "


\ " denotes something related to a person.)

1
P (you'erduo) (the "right-ear" side) F 2 strokes

U (ndzipang) (the "thai" side) 1 ^ 3 $ 4 strokes

(5) #p nd

Jfp u + p

(6) na

$p a + Up
(The meaning side is "p", and the phonetic side is "#[?".)

(7) $p nd

#p J* + up
(The meaning side is "i ", and the phonetic side is "Up".)

(8) dou

*P -* * + p

^ (iQOZitOU) (the W top) '


+
4 .strokes

^ (jlnzir) (the "towel" character) ) n r|j 3 strokes

/ (Shlzipdng) (the "teacher" side) 1 l


) 2 strokes

-34-
(9) %n laoshT

%- * + K.
f?
flip -> J + + r|?

Q (guozikuang) (The "country" frame, "Q", denotes the boundary of a countiy.)

I fl C-I 3 strokes

(10) tlS Zhongguo (tK)

[Z (yizikuang) (the "doctor" frame) '


[1

(11) E ylsheng

n + 9k

7 strokes)

' r r
y^_(pizidT) (the "foot" bottom) :,v 5 strokes

(12) A shl

EI + *L

^f-bSDiR Cultural Notes

Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet

Chinese differs from alphabetic languages in that its written form is not directly related

to its pronunciation. In order to provide phonetic notation for Chinese characters and to fa-

cilitate the consultation of dictionaries, phonologists drafted the "Scheme for the Chinese
Phonetic Alphabet", and in 1958 the Chinese government passed an act to promote the ap-
plication of this scheme, commonly known as the pinyin ("arranged sounds") system. Pinyin
adopts the Latin alphabet to transcribe Chinese sounds, and four diacritical tone marks to

indicate the different tones of Chinese characters. Pinyin is now widely used for the study of

Chinese language, and has aided the popularization of standard Chinese (Putonghua). The
use of pinyin in the study of Chinese provides many practical advantages for learning the

language.

-35-
r name
In this

politely,
lesson,

how
you

to
will learn

introduce yourself,
how to ask someone's

and how to ask

for permission. The pronunciations of the Chinese initials

introduced in this lesson are different than similar-

sounding initials found in English, and so may seem


unfamiliar to you. Don't be discouraged, however, for with

daily practice you will surely be able to master them.

Lesson 4 Renshi nT hen gaoxing

Text

Jim^iltft] Asking (oi


Ldoshi : Keyi jlnlai ma? permission

Lin Na Qing jin! Yang laoshi, nfn hao. Zhe shi wo pengyou,

ta shi jizhe.

Laoshi : Qingwen, nfn guixing?

-36-
Lu Yuping :
Wo xing Lu, jido Lu Yuping.

LaoshT: NT hao, Lu xiansheng, renshi ni hen gaoxing

Lu Yuping : Yang laoshT, renshi nin, wo ye hen gaoxing.

New Words
^fell]
1. renshi v to know (somebody)

2. gaoxing A happy ;
pleased

3. keyi o Pv may

4. jinlai vc to come in

jin v it to enter

lai v to come

5. qlng v please

* 6. nfn Pr
i you (polite form)

*7. pengyou N friend

8. jizhe N reporter

9. qingwen v May I ask...?

wen v n to ask

10. guixlng ie what's your honorable surname?

xing v/N & one's surname is* "/surname

11. jido v to be called

12. xiansheng N Mr.

13. Yang pn (a surname)

Introducing oneself

Lin Nd Wd shi Yuydn Xueyudn de xuesheng. Wd xing Lin,

jido Lin Nd. Wd shi YTnggud ren. NT xing shenme?

37
Ma Dawei; Wo xing Ma, jido Ma Dawei.

Lin Nd :
NT shi Jianddd ren ma?

Ma Dawei; W6 bu shi Jianddd ren, wo shi Meigud ren, ye shi

4 * A, A &fl A, 4
Yuydn Xueyudn de xuesheng. Wo xuexi Hdnyu.

ml >

l. yuyan N language

2. xueyudn N institute ;
college

3. de Pt i (a possessive or modifying particle)

4. xuesheng N student

5. shenme QPr what

6. xuexi V to learn; to study

7. Hdnyu N Chinese (language)

8. Yfnggud PN Great Britain; England

9. Md Ddwei PN (name of an American student)

io. Jianddd PN Canada

li. Meigud PN the United States; America

r \

/
Notes

CD Key! jinlai ma?


"May I come in?

(D QTng jin!

"Come in, please!

"Qing ( ") * " is an expression used for making polite requests.


\i

-38-
(D Qingwen, nfn guixing?

"May I ask what is your (honorable) surname?

This is a polite way of asking someone's surname. In China, when meeting someone for

the first time, it is considered more polite to ask his/her surname rather than his/her full

name. Notice that "gill (!,!')" can only be used in combination with "n\(ifo)" or "nin(/^)'\

and not with "w6(^)" or "ta (fflj/Jfe)".

"QTngwen(Tjf |r] )''


means "May I ask..." or "Excuse me, but...", and is a polite way of

asking a question.

(4) Wo xing Lu ,
jido Lu Yuping.
"My surname is Lu, and my full name is Lu Yuping."
When answering the question "Nin guixing? ", one can either give one's surname by
saying "W6 Xing ", or give ones full name by saying "W6 jicio---" or say both "W6 Xing
,
jido

Note that in Chinese, one's surname always comes first, and the given name comes last.

Qv Renshi ni hen gaoxing.


"(I'm) glad to meet (literally, know) you."

@ W6 shi Yuydn Xueyudn cte xuesheng.


"I am a student at (literally, of) the Language Institute."

(7) NT xing shenme?


"What's your surname?
This informal way of asking someone's surname is appropriate when an adult is speaking

to a child, or when young people are talking with each other.

. infir^^ Pronunciation Drills

p-^: Initials: j q X

ffa-Bj: Finals: ia ian iang


uei(-ui) uen(-un) ue uan

1. SpeUiBg
jT qT xT

jia qia xia

jian qian xian

jiang qiang xiang

jln qTn xTn


-39-
jlng qlng xTng

qu xu

jue que xue


juan quan xuan
guT kul huT

zhun chun tun

2. MP The four tones


V
jl j' Jl Jl

zhe zhe zhe zhe jizhe

qing qing qing qlng


V
jTn jin Jin qing jin

guT gui gui

xTng xing xing xing guixing

xian xidn xian xian

sheng sheng sheng sheng xiansheng


yu yu yu yu

yan ydn yan ydn yuydn


xue xue xue xue
yuan yuan yuan yuan xueyudn
xT XI XI XI xuexi

han han han han Hdnyu


i
v
jia jid jia jia Jianddd

Sound discrimination
3.

jiao - qiao yue ye dui - tul

(to teach) (month) (night) (right)

tidn - ting ydn yang zhT - chi

(field) (to stop) (speech) (sheep) (only) (ruler)

$M Tone discrimination

shou shdu xia - xia shuT shui

(hand) (thin) (down) (water) (to sle

-40-
xin xm bdi bai xiao xiao

(heart) (letter) (white) (small) (to laugh)

5* J&^^L'tt Combination of tones

IdoshT yuydn key! qing jin women


Beijing IQxing yufa kdoshi jiejie

(Beijing) (to travel) (grammar) (exam) (elder sister)

a \ jt / jj

Libo waipo Hdnyu guixing meimei

midnbao lidnxi baozhi zhuyi keqi

(bread) (exercise) (newspaper) (to pay attention to) (courtesy)

6, JRW^i^M Practice on disyllabic words

tditai (Mrs) YTngyu (English)

XidOjie (Miss) FdyCl (French)

niJShl (Madam) DeyU (German)

jTngIT (manager) Eyu (Russian)

tdngshl (colleague)
RiyiJ (Japanese)

T
7- IQ^IT^JW^fflM Read the following classroom expressions a oud

ZhCiyi fdyTn. (Pay attention to your pronunciation.)

Zhuyi ShengdidO. (Pay attention to your tones.)

DUI bU dUI? (Is it light? )

DUI le. (It's right.)


US- siS^^ 1 Conversation Practice

KEY SENTENC ES
1. Key! jinlai ma?

2. Qing jlnl

3. Nin guixing?
4. Wo xing Lu, jido Lu Yuping.
5. Renshi nl hen gaoxing.
6. Wo shi Yuydn Xueyudn de xuesheng.
7. Wo xuexi Hdnyu.

(
) HmMfti^ Asking for permission]

YiTfl^cii
1
]
Make a dialogue based on the picture

A:

(_) [|o]$4=i Asking someone's name]

9c )&i M ifj Com pi e t e t h e follow n g d alogues


i i

(1) A Nfn guixing?

B Wo xing iqo

A Wo jido wo hen gaoxing.

(2) A xing shenme?


B

(3) A Ta iido shenme?


B

(4) A Ta xing shenme?


B

42-
(
= ) [gUciHS Introducing oneself)

fffJ^zH?? Situational dialogue


Ask everyone to introduce himself/herself in a meeting by imitating Dialogue II in the

text.

(EST) fPfit Listen and repeat

! E3 Phonetics

1- j^WUM Pronunciation key


Initials; j is an unaspirated voiceless palatal affricate. To produce this sound, first raise

the front of the tongue to the hard palate and press the tip of the tongue

against the back of the lower teeth, and then loosen the tongue and let the air

squeeze out through the channel thus made. The sound is unaspirated and the

vocal cords do not vibrate,

q is an aspirated voiceless palatal affricate. It is produced in the same manner as

"j", but it is aspirated.

X is a voiceless palatal fricative. To produce it, first raise the front of the tongue

toward (but not touching) the hard palate and then let the air squeeze out. The

vocal cords do not vibrate.

NoterThe finals that can be combined with "j", "q" and "x" are limited to "i",

"Q" and compound finals that start with "i" or "Q".

2. m^MWl Spelling rules


(1) When the compound final "uei" is combined with initials, it is simplified to -ui and

the tone mark is written over "i". For example; QUI.

(2) When the compound final "lien" is combined with initials, it is simplified to -UP.

For example; lun.

(3) When "Q" is combined with j, q and x, the two dots over it are omitted. For

example; xue. "y" is added to the compound finals which start with "u" and the two dots

over it are omitted. For example; Yuyc'in Xueyutin.

Note; "J", "q", and "x" are never combined with "u" and "a".

-43-
7v Grammar

"ft"?^(D Sentences with (1)

Predicate
Subject
Adv N/NP Pt

Ta shi laoshT.

^ *
Ma Ddwei bu shi laoshT.

m
Ta shi xuesheng ma?

In an "A -Je B" sentence, the verb "Je" is used to connect the two parts. Its negative

form is made by putting "yp" before the verb "Jk " If the sentence is not particularly

emphatic, "Je" is read softly.

Note: The adverb "/p" must be placed before "Je

t- /X? Chinese Characters

1. 3JKMJil!l Rules of stroke order

Example Stroke Order Rule to Write

t Horizontal before vertical

A Downward-left before downward-right

*| From left to right

From top to bottom

From outside to inside

n ^ s Outside before inside before closing-

Middle before two sides

-44-
2. Learn and write basic Chinese characters

(l) -b ^-^g V
6
B J

ql seven 2 strokes

(2) *Y J 'J 'h


Xiao small, little 3 strokes

(3) 'U. 'Cj. 'C_^


h
xTn heart 4 strokes
Note; On the left side of a character, "<c>" is written as " <\ " , as in "'fc".

(4) 7jC J 7j ^ 7jC


shuT water 4 strokes
Note: On the left side of a character, is written as " )
", as in "pL

<5) n ) nnn
yu6 moon 4 strokes

"
(6) -f"
>/
shOU hand 4 strokes (

Note On the side of a character " written as "


4
: left ,
-f- " is

(7) tff 1 HFJffiW


tian field 5 strokes

(8) j f ft ft ft r + tf)
bai white 5 strokes

(9) X
Zhl only 5 strokes

(10) & Vi f

ydn speech 7 strokes

Note: On the left side of a character, "if" is written as "i", as in "iAiR".

45
)

3. i^ifcSt+toSt 2 ? Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the


texts

(1) iLiR renshi (MM,)

ik * i + -A
("i ", the meaning side plus the phonetic side, "A*.".)

StXJ y _l X3

( "
i " , the meaning side , denotes language-related behavior.

(2) jg-t" yuydn (##)

/ (SCfndianshui)(tlie "three-drops-ol'-water" side) } 3 strokes

(3) Hdnyu (>Hit)

(4) nfn

M -> % + &
(y0UZlt6u)(lhe "lo have" lop) /" 2 strokes

(5) JM^L pengyou

(6) guixing

* * + i
*f
(jidozipdng) (the "calling" side) ^ *j 2 strokes

(7) ^ jicio

p*) > a + >]

-46-
^} (shdOZipang) (the "ladle" side)
/ 3 strokes

(8) # de

-47-
How
:

will you be able to


:

find your way around


7
in

(*China? By the end of this lesson, you should be able to

ask directions, look for people, express gratitude and

regret, and say goodbye in Chinese. Remember to keep


practicing your pronunciation and tones every day.

MHlls Lesson 5

Canting zai nar

#JT ft fflPJL

Text

Ma Ddwei: Qingwen, zhe shi Wang Xiaoyun de sushe ma?

NQ xuesheng : Shi. QTng jln, qing zud.

it o
Ma Ddwei; Xiexie. Wang Xiaoyun zdi ma?
% *Jh
Nu xuesheng Ta bu : zdi.

Ma Ddwei: Ta zdi nar?

Nu xuesheng DuibuqT, wo bu zhTdao.


:

-k &* ^Pif o

Ma Ddwei: Mei gudnxi. Hdo, zdijidn.

& HIo if, #JL<=

NQ xuesheng : Zdijidn.

-48-
;

*zn New Words

l. canting N dining room

2. zdi V to be (here there); , to be (in, on, at)

3. nar QPr where

*4. qingwen V iff? May I ask.. ,?

wen V n to ask

*5. zhe Pr this

6. sushe N ** dormitory

7. nu A female

* 8. xuesheng N student

* 9. jin V to enter

10. zuo V to sit

n. xiexie V ** to thank

12. duibuqi IE I'm sony

13. wo Pr I; me

14. zhTdao V to know

15. mei guanxi IE never mind; it doesn't matter

16. hdo A good ; well fine; O.K.

n. zdijidn IE good-bye

zdi Adv again

18. Wang Xidoyun PN (name of a Chinese student)

Md Ddwei: Xiaojie, qingwen canting zdi ndr?

Xiaojie: Zdi er ceng er ling si hao.


/j>^ : $. i & O eg -f Q

Md DdWei; Xiexie. C [Mat] Expressing thanks f i

Xiaojie :
Buydng xie.

49
Song Hud : Ddwei, women zdi zher.

Ma Ddwei :
Duibuqi, wo Idi wan le.

^7?7: 4 & ft To
Wang Xidoyun : Mei gudnxi.

oids

l xidojie N Miss; young lady

2. er Nu two

3. ceng M story ; floor

4. ling Nu o , t
zero

5. SI Nu four

6. hdo N number

7. buydng Adv need not

8. zher Pr here

9. wan A % late

io. le Pt 7 (modal partical/aspect partical)

n. Song Hud PN (name of a Chinese student)

-50-
(1) Wdng Xidoyun zdi ma?
"Is Wang Xiaoyun in?

(2) Ta zdi ndr?

"Where is she?

(3) Duibuqi, wo bu zhidao.

"duibuqT( )" is a phrase commonly used in making excuses or apologies, and

usually "mei gucinxi "


the response to it is ( )

(4) Canting zdi ndr?


"Where is the dining hall?

(5) Zdi er ceng er ling si hdo.

"It's in No. 204 on the second floor."

In Chinese the ground floor of a building is considered to be the first floor.

@ Buydng xie.

"Don't mention it."

This phrase is used as a response to an expression of thanks. One may also say, "Bu

xie(^if)".

(7) Duibuqi, wo Idi wan le.

"Sony, I am late."

^
p-Bk Initials:

Finals:
Z
H h]
iong
C s

er

ua uan uang On

1. Spelling

za ca sa
zi CI SI

zu cu su
-51 -
zuan cuan suan
zuT CUI SUT

zun cun sun

zhuang chuang shuang


iiona qiong xiong

jun qun xun

gua kua hua

The four tones

zai zai zai zdi


V
can can can can
ting ting ting ting canting
V
sT SI si

ceng ceng ceng si ceng


er er er er hdo
wen wen wen wen qTngwen
xie xie xie xie xiexie

jian jian jian zdijidn

wan wan wan wan Idi wan le

yong yong yong yong buyong


wang wdng wang wdng
yun yun yun y um
vfin Wdng Xidoyun

song song song song


hua hua hud Song Hud

Sound discrimination
zi - CI qie jie jian qidn
(son) (and) (to see)

qing Jing kudi kud huan huang


(blue -green) (quick)

-52-
4. Tone discrimination
s] si jTng qing er er

(four) (well) (two) (son)

yong yong wen wen xiong xiong


(written language) (bear)

5, #erfPjL4lsi5 Final "er" and retroflex ending


er (two) zher (here)

erzi (son) ndr (there)

erdUO (ear) ndr (where)

nil'er (daughter) Wdnr (to play)

6* J^WSLik Combination of tones


u-yy ^ jf u-yy
^a / yy u-yy V ft -^_a \ yy

canting Yingguo jTng IT gaoxing xiansheng


feijT shengci qianbT gongzuo xiuxi

(plane) (new word) (pencil) (work) (rest)

kdiche huanying kaishi shangdidn qTzi

(to drive a car) (to welcome) (to start) (shop) (wife)

a y yy ^u-yy / yy a / yy a / V ti u / yy \ yy a y yy
^a o yy
~r

mingtian xuexi youyong xueyuan shenme


(tomon'ow) (to swim)

shijian huidd pijiu zdzhi mingzi


(time) (answer) (beer) (magazine) (name)

zuotian zuqiu cididn ciddi hdizi

(yesterday) (football) (dictionary) (audio tape) (child)

7. WW^^^I Practice on disyllabic words


jidOShl (classroom) Heldn (The Netherlands)

ITtdng (auditorium) Aijl (Egypt)

CdOChdlig (playground) Yuendn (Vietnam)

CeSUO (toilet) TdigiJO (Thailand)

yTyudn (hospital) YindU (India)


53-
8* ^Wi^^^ Practice on polysyllabic words
tlJShljguan (library) XTnjiQpO (Singapore)

shiydnshi FeilQbTn (the Philiphines)

bdngongshi XTnxTldn (New Zealand)

tiyuguan Aoddllyd (Australia)

wdishichu Mdld'lXTyd (Malaysia)

tingchechang YindliniXiyd (Indonesia)

9, H^IT^J^^ffl^ Read the following classroom expressions aloud

Qing nidn kewen. (Please read the text.)

Qing nidn Shengci. (Please read the new words.)

W6 shuo, nimen ting. (Listen to me.)

Conversation Practice

KEY SENTENCES
1. QTng jin, qing zuo.
2. Wo bu zhldao.
3. Zdijidn.

4. GTngwen, canting zdi ndr?


5. Xiexie.

6. Buydng xie.

7. DuibuqT.
8. Mei guanxi.

)
[ Asking for directions]
1. vuJEK h^U^iS Complete the following dialogues
(1) A Qingwen, cesuo zdi nar?

A Xiexie.

B
54
(2) A :
Qingwen, jidoshi zdi ndr?

B : Duibuqi,

2< tif iR^iS Situational dialogues

In an unfamiliar building:

(1) You are looking for the elevator ( Efe^ didntT).


,

(2) You are looking for Mr. Yang's office.

( ZL ) [ J3t A Looking for someone]


7L A^T 5 J^ffi Complete the following dialogues
:
}
I.

(1) A; Qingwen, Lin Nd zdi ma?

A; "Pa zdi ndr?

B : DuibuqT,

A : Mei guanxi. Zdijidn!

B :

(2) A :

B; Zdi. QTng jin

2. ^f'O^iS" Make a dialogue based on the picture


(1) Xuesheng: ?

Ydng IdoshT: .

(2) Lin Nd :
Libo zdi ma ?

Ma Ddwei:

Lin Nd :

Md Ddwei:

Lin Nd:

Md Ddwei:
-55-
( ) [iltifc Making an apology]
W\ U
l '\
Make a dialogue based on the picture

(1) A : .

(2) A :

B :

(jZ9) [f|flRilk Asking about someone's occupation]


1. jch%~f^\^i^ Complete the following dialogues

(1) A; Nin sh] yTsheng ma?

B : Bu shi, , wo shi

A :
Nfn ne?

C : Wo ye shl xuesheng, wo xuexi Hdnyu

(2) A : ?

B; Shi, ta shl wdiyu laoshT.

A: NT ?

B : W6 bu sh] wdiyu Idoshi. Wo shi

(3l) 'Wife listen and repeat

-56-
f

H< * *

Mo
oH Phonetics

1- JMfcSI Retroflex ending (final)

The final "or" sometimes does not form a syllable by itself but is attached to another

final to form a retroflex final. A retroflex final is represented by the letter "r" added to the

final. In actual writing, "J I." is added to the character in question, as in "nar ( f

JJ|5 JL)

2. $t#H3P( Pronunciation key

Initials like "ds" in "beds"

like "ts" in "cats" , with aspiration

pronounced as in English, e.g. "s" in "see"

Finals r (final) like "er" in "sister" (American pronunciation)

Grammar

fflMN^Jf^i'llirjl^^ Questions with an interrogative pronoun

Statement Question

Nd shi women Idoshl. Nd shi shei?

#P A 4 fa *W
Wo xing Ma NT xing shenme?
* fl- & ?

Canting zdi er ceng. Canting zdi ndr?

$:Jf & ~ M Q

Ta shi Zhongguo ren. Ta shi nd gud ren?

* ^ m a?
The word order in a question with an interrogative pronoun is the same as that in a

declarative sentence. In this kind of sentence, a question pronoun simply replaces the part

of the sentence to which the interrogative pronoun corresponds.

-57-

t. iR* Chinese Characters

l.^^ft-o^lBl(l) Combined character strokes (1)

Stroke Name Examnle Wav to Write

The horizontal stroke with a hook, is written


henggou
like the fourth stroke in "j/p"*

1 The horizontal stroke with a downward turn, is


hengzhe
written like the first stroke in "^r".

The horizontal stroke with a downward turn to


7 hengpie lip
the lelt,
1

is
* 1*1
written like the
l p*
iirst stroke in
l a
X
~v i ??

The horizontal stroke with a downward turn and


* .i
J
hengzhegou N a
i

hook,
i

is written
1*1
like the
i i
third
i
stroke in

"H".

The horizontal stroke with a downward turn,

i hengzheti and then an upward turn to the right, is

written like the second stroke in "ip".

The vertical stroke with a hook, written like


J
shugou T the second stroke in "T".
is

2* i^-^f 3^i5l^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters

er two 2 strokes

(2) JUst)
6r son
) Jl
2 strokes
^ %
<> -r
zT son
" r -r
3 strokes
7 .

jing well 4 strokes

(5) X> ^

"^X
> ^ ^

wen written language 4 strokes

-58-
(6>J*L(iL) 1 n ^J*L
jidn to see

(?) J. 1 n FT fl JL
qie and 5 strokes

Note: "JL" is the original character for "?fIL"(zU, ancestor). When it became

loaned function word, "^JL" was substituted for the original character.

(8 ) VS} \ nviYivg
SI four 5 strokes

(9)

WO I, me 7 strokes

do) -fr * T)T\~n


qTng blue-green 8 strokes

3* ikWM^^EtfoMffyflL^r Learn and 1


write the Chinese characters appearing

in the texts

(zdizitOU) (the "location" top) ~~~ /~


4 /f~ 3 strokes

(l) zai

(2> * zu6
XiX 1 I

(3) ifH qingwen (1ft ft)

if ~^ i + -f
(The meaning side is "i " and the phonetic side is
,
"-fr".)

^ -> n + a
-59
(ZOUZhldT)(the "hurrying" wide) 3 X__ 3 strokes

(4) it zhe (i)

(5) at jin (^)

i # -+ i_

(6) #JL zdijidn (#1.)

# -> - + n + i
(Til n H# 6 strokes)

^ (xuezitou) (the "study" top) ' '


;>
' ''^
5 strokes

(7) xuesheng (fi.)

# - + f-

(8) if hao

(9) 'hia xiaojie

JiE * + JL

/"] (yongziklldng) (the "use" frame) J /I 2 strokes

(10) buyong

m n + t

-60-
Cultural Notes

Chinese Dictionaries

Unlike most English dictionaries, in which entries are arranged alphabetically, Chinese
dictionaries are organized in a number of different ways. Chinese dictionaries can be com-
piled alphabetically (using pinyin or another romanization system), by the number of strokes
used to write the character in question, or by the radical of the character. Many dictionaries

published before the 1920s order their entries according to radical, whereas modern dictio-

naries are often arranged alphabetically and include radical and stroke-number indexes.

The Xinhua Zidian (New Chinese Dictionary) and Xiandai Hanyu Cidian (Modern Chi-
nese Dictionary) are among the most widely used dictionaries at present in the People's Re-
public of China. The first is a pocketsize dictionary, containing some eight thousand entries.

It deals mainly with individual characters, their definitions, pronunciations, and tones. The
second is a medium-sized dictionary including more than fifty-six thousand entries. It covers

single characters, compound words, set phrases, and idiomatic expressions.


The encyclopedic Cihai (Sea of Words) and the detailed Ciyuan (Sources of Words)

are both large dictionaries, often issued in multi-volume sets. Currently there are also many
dictionaries specially designed for international students who want to study Chinese language

and culture.

-61 -
In this lesson, you will be able to learn what to do

when you don't understand what another person has said.

You will also learn how to make suggestions, how to

accept or decline suggestions, and how to make comments.


This lesson also provides a review of the pronunciation and

tones covered so far.

^AiH Lesson 6 (^33 Review)

Women qu youy6ng, hao ma

Wdng Xiaoyun Lin Nd, zuotian de jingju zenmeydng?

Lin Nd : Hen you yisi. JIntidn tidnqi hen hao, women qu


#v if; ^ fio 4^ *
youyong, hao ma?
if t SU gg esti

Wang Xiaoyun Tdi hao le! Shenme shfhou qu?


;^^^||||||
_

Lin Nd : Xidnzdi qu, key! ma?


#. if

Wdng Xiaoyun KeyT.

3- 'hi:-.

-62-
New Words
^^=J
1. qu V to go

2. yduyong vo to swim

3. zudtian n yesterday

4. jTngju N Beijing opera

5. zenmeydng QPr how is it?

6. you yisi IE * interesting

7. jTntian N today

tian n it day

8. tianqi N weather

9. tai Adv k too ;


extremely

* 10. shenme QPr what

lh shihou n time; moment

12. xidnzdi n now

Ding LibO: Ydng Idoshi, mingtian nin you shijian ma?


T
Ydng ldoshT : DuibuqT, qing zdi shuo yi bidn

if # 3t sto

DTng LibO; Mingtian nin you shijian ma?

Women qu da qiu, hdo ma?


*n * 4l # %?

Ydng Idoshi Hen bdoqidn, mingtian wo


ft "PI A 4
hen mdng, kdngpd bu xing.

Xiexie nimen.

63
1
1. rningnan JN tomoiTow

2. you V to have
i
IV T

3. shijian N Hf |Sj time

4. shud V to say; to speak

5. bidn M number oi times (oi action)

0. aa qiu V u to play ball

ao V
.

to play
i

TVT
qiu JN ball

7. Daoqian V/A to ieel sorry/sorry

* 8. mang A i

busy

9. kdngpd Adv to be afraid that; perhaps

10. xing V # to be O.K.

* 11. xiexie V to thank

12. nimen Pr 4Mn you (pi.)

(1) Zudtian de jingju zenmeydng?


"How was yesterday's Beijing opera?
"
zenmeydng? is an expression commonly used to ask for someone's opinion.

Among the roughly 300 forms of opera in China, Beijing opera has enjoyed the greatest

popularity and has the most extensive influence. As a unique art form representative of
Chinese culture, it is loved by many people all over the world.

(2) Women qu yduyong, hdo ma?


"Shall we go swimming?
hdo ma? " is a. pattern used when making a suggestion.

(3) Tdi hdo le! Shenme shihou qu?


"That's great! When are we going?
"Tdi hdo le! (j\~!ff- J !
) " is an expression used to show enthusiastic approval. It is

also used to express happy agreement with a suggestion. You may also use "hdo(^J)" or

"xii it
" as a. response.
J ( 1 f )

@ Xidnzdi qu, keyi ma?


"Is it O.K. to go right now?
"", key! ma? " is another expression used to make a suggestion. If you agree with
a suggestion, you may say "keyi(pJW)" or "hdo (/-)".
- 64 -
(5) Mingtian nin you shijian ma?
"Do you have time tomorrow?

@ Qing zdi shuo y{ bidn.


"Pardon? Would you say it again?

This phrase is used when the speaker's words were not heard clearly and you would

him/her to repeat them.

(7) Hen bdoqidn, mingtian wo hen mdng, kongpd bu xing.


"I'm sorry, but I'll be very busy tomorrow. I'm afraid I can't."

"kongpd bu Xing" is a phrase to express a courteous refusal.

Pronunciation Review
L Spelling

zhi chi Zl el

jo qG go ku
ben peng tan dang
zhong chong gan kang
zan cang jTn qing
zha chd zu cu
ge ke J"

2. 0^ The four tones


you you you you
yong yong yong yduydng
zuo zuo zuo zuo
tian tidn tian tidn zudtian
jTn Jin jin jlntian

ming mTng mlng mingtian


qi qi qi qi ticinqi

xian xidn xian xidn xidnzdi

Jing jing jing

J'Q
ju ju jTngju

bao bdo bdo bdo


qian qidn qidn qidn bdoqian
kong kong kong kongpd
xTng xing xing xing bu xing
3. Sound discrimination
jiu xiu si shl cun zun
(nine) (private) (inch)

qi j] dui tin gudn juan


(air) (to exchange)

4. l^iD Tone discrimination


wdng wdng kdn kdn gong gong
(to die) (to see) (labor)

son sdn shen shen guai guai


(three) (body)

5. J^iHIB.'o Combination of tones


u V >t ^_ti / " " v

1 V V
IdoshT yuydn keyi kdngpd jiejie

yuyln dd qiu yufd qingwen zenme


(pronunciation) (grammar) ( how )

xidoshuo qlchudng fuddo nushi yTzi

(novel) (to get up) (coach) (Madam) (chair)

a \ ir a
+
.

shdngban si ceng wdiyu bdoqidn xiexie


(to go to work)

qiche kewen didnying huihud meimei


(car) (text) (movie) (conversation)

luyTn fuxi didnndo Hdnzi keqi


(sound recording) (review) (computer) (Chinese character)

6, ^IWW^ISI Practice on disyllabic words

dudnlidn (to do physical training) chdngge (to sing a song)

ChTfdn (to eat a meal) tidOWU (to dance)

Shdngke (to have lessons) XIZOO (to take a bath)

Xldke (class is over) SllUljidO (to sleep)

7. ^^^St^lSt Practice on polysyllabic words


ShUO Hdnyu (to speak Chinese) kdn luxidng (to watch video)

Tlidn ShengCI (to read the new words) ZUO HdnXI (to do exercise)

Xie Hdnzi (to write Chinese characters) fdnyi jUZi (to translate sentence)

ting IDyTn (to listen to tape) y6ng didnndO (to use computer)

- 66 -
8. SlI^T^iSJ-tfjJtf^f Read the following poem aloud

Deng Gudn Que Lou


* m- i m
(Tdng) Wdng ZhThudn
(A) i
Bdi ri yi shan jin,

& EJ a* ,

Hudng He ru hai liu.

$c n
Yu qiong qian IT mu,
W f % B o

Geng shdng ceng lou.

M m
9. fiil^T^Ji^Jt^ Read the following classroom expressions aloud

QTng kdn ShQ. (Please look at your books.)

QTng Xie HdnZI. (Please write the characters.)

QTng Zdi nidn yi bidn. (Please read it again.)

Women tTngxie. (Let's do dictation.)

P~P .
zci|j^ Conversation Practice

KE Y SENTENCES
1. Zudtian de jlngju zenmeydng?
2. Jintian tianqi hen hdo, women qu youyong, hdo ma?
3. Tdi hdo le! Shenme shihou qu?
4. Xidnzdi qu, key! ma?
5. KeyT.

6. Mingtian nin you shijian ma?


7. Duibuqi, qing zdi shud yi bidn.

8. Hen bdoqidn, kdngpd bu xing.

-67-
(
) [WLi% Making suggestions]
^(S^iS Make a dialogue based on the picture

(1) A: , hdo ma?


Tdi hdo le!

,
keyi ma? 7

(2) A hao ma?


B : Shenme shihou qu?

A : ,
key! ma?
B : DuibuqT, ,

A : Mei guanxi (Use the word "tidowu"

which means "to dance'

) [iir>)<Sil Asking someone to repeat something]


l ^l^iS Make a dialogue based on the picture

A: ?

B :
DuibuqT,

A:

(H) [Wit Making comments]


^flB^IS Make a dialogue based on the picture

(1) A; Qingwen, zhe shi shenme?


B : Zhe shi wushu. Wushu zenmeydng?

A : .

(2) A : Zhe shi shenme?


B :
Zhe shi xiongmao.

A : Xiongmao zenmeydng?
B :

-68-
(H) +!WTM^I#iSiSff^^l Imitate the following dialogues
(1) A : Nin hao!
f$ fy
B : Nin hao! ?ff\ -5'jr >
A; QTngwen, nin guixing?

B : W6 xing LT, jido LT Mali. Qingwen, nin xlng shenme?


A : Wo xing Song, jido Song Hud. Nfn shi nd guo ren?

B : Wo shi Meigud ren, shi Beijing Ddxue (university) de


xuesheng.

A; Renshi nfn hen gaoxing.

B : Renshi nin, wo ye hen gaoxing.

(2) A : Libd, nT hao ma?


\\
B W6: hen hao. Song Hud, nT ne? W^S I V-

A W6:
hen mdng. NT wdipd hao ma?

B :
Xiexie, ta hen hao. NT bdba^ mama dou hao ma?
A; Tamen dou hen hao. Mali, zhe shi wo pengyou, DTng Libo.

B :
NT hao.

A : Zhe shi Mali.

C :
NT hao. Wo jido Mali, shi Beijing Ddxue de xuesheng. W6
xuexi Hdnyu. Qingwen, nl shi Meigud ren ma?

B :
Bu shi, wo shi Jianddd ren.

(3) A; Ta shi shei?

B; Ta shi women IdoshI.

A Ta Zhonggud ma?
B
:

Ta
shi

shi Zhonggud
ren

ren. Ta xing Chen.


^
: \/ft/;.
|? ^
A Nd shi shei?

B
:

: Ta jido Lu Yupfng.
4m\
A : Ta ye shi IdoshI ma?
B: Ta bu shi IdoshI. Ta shi iizhe.

-69-
(4) A :
Xiansheng, qingwen, bdngongshi zdi nar?
B : Zdi wu ceng.
A; Chen laoshT zdi ma?
B :
Shei? DuibuqT, qing zdi shuo yf bidn.

A :
Chen Fangfang IdoshT zdi ma?
B :
Ta zdi.

A; Xiexie.

B : Bu xie.

(5) A; Key! jinlai ma?


B :
Wang xiansheng, run hao. QTng jin,

qing zud.

A : DuibuqT, wo Idi wan le.

B : Mei guanxi. Nin ydo kafei ma?


A: Wo bu ydo. Xiexie. Mingtian women qu kdn jTngju, hdo ma?
B; DuibuqT, mingtian wo hen mdng, kongpd bu xing.

(5l) P/riS Listen and repeat

*t * & W $l & & t st


, f 1 , S T^f' o

Phonetics |

"
1. "ft^ift Tone sandhi of
Normally " " is pronounced in the first tone when it stands by itself, at the end of a

word, phrase or sentence, or is used as an ordinal number. However, "


is pronounced
in the fourth tone when it precedes a first tone, second tone, or third tone syllable. It is

read in the second tone when it precedes a fourth tone.

yi bei (one cup)


/
yt + VI + example: yi ping (one bottle)
v
yi ben (one copy)

v
yt + yi + example: yf bidn (one time/once)

-70-
2. #ttJ*j&#MtA Table of Combinations of Initials and Finals
hi Common Speech
There are more than 400 meaningful syllables in the common speech of modern Chinese.
If we add the four tones to these, we can distinguish more than 1,200 syllables. The
syllables covered from Lesson 1 to Lesson 6 are shown in the table on the next page.

7*Y To 2; Grammar

^tll^M^^J Sentences with a verbal predicate


The main part of the predicate in a sentence with a verbal predicate is a verb. The
object usually follows the verb. One of its negative forms is made by placing the adverb

before the verb.

Predicate
Subject
Adv V O KJ? ma?

m
NT ydo kdfei ma?

mn m m% Ui%
Women dou xuexf Hdnyu.

BFJL?
CdntTng zdi ndr?

m Mo
Wo bu zhTdao.

PS o
W6 xing Lu.

to pq

Td jido Lin Nd.

am
Nin mfngtian ydu shfjidn ma?

-71 -
Chinese Characters

1. $L M.-&^Wi(2)
i
Combined character strokes (2)

Stroke Name Example Way to Write

The vertical stroke with a horizontal turn to

- shuzhe the right, is written like the second stroke


"lit"
in LJLl .

The vertical stroke with an upward turn to

V shutf VX the right, is written like the first stroke in

"VI".

The vertical stroke with a horizontal turn to

shuzhezhegou
1*1
the right,
ii
and then
i
a downward turn and a
i i

% hook, is written like the second stroke in

rni 1 . 1 . 1 ;,1 1 .

the horizontal stroke with a vertical turn,

hengzhewan and then a horizontal turn to the right and


gou an upward hook, is written like the second
stroke in "jh".

The downward stroke to the left, and then a

I piezhe horizontal turn to the right, is written like

the second stroke in

The downward stroke to the left and then an

< piedian -k extended dot to the right, is written like the

first stroke in "^c".

2. ili^ Combination of strokes


The relationship between strokes in a Chinese character can be essential to its meaning.

There are three ways to combine strokes in a character:

(1) Adjacent (not attached) like "A", "JL", ""1", 'VJ\" ;

(2) Crossing like "


+ "A",
(3) Connecting like "f^", "T", "A", "Llj",

- 72 -
3, lA^S^Sl^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters

(i) 3l ) Jl
jiu nine 2 strokes

(2) A L U
SI private 2 strokes

(3) -ft
Cljn a unit of inch 3 strokes

(4 ) X " T X
gong labour 3 strokes

% * \

(5) x:
wdng to die 3 strokes

(6) J=-

SQn three 3 strokes

(7) ^a(lL)
qi air 4 strokes

(8)

li to stand 5 strokes

(9)

Shen body 7 strokes

Note: On the left side or in the middle of a character,

is written as "|

> ^/ ^ x / >l
>Z ^/
i4
io) it
dul to exchange 7 strokes
4. "R^iSUt^lHJ^Jt^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the

texts

(l) -k qu
i + A
(2) ^fH you yisi

+ ft

+ ft

;
><2

(3) *A tianqi

5> A
(4) tai

k. + >

(5) >ff& shenme ()


-> >f + +
;
+ A
(6) st^t shfhou (Bf^)

("EJ", the "sun" side denotes time.)


*
%L \ + 1
+ + &
10 strokes)

(7) xianzai

(8) mingtian

^ 9 + ^
("EI", the "sun" side and the "mo side, denote light.)

-74-
(9) Btfi] shfjian

h n + ej

(10) iJL shuo (fx)

1L * 1 + Xj

l
(shuxinpdng) *
r *\ 3 strokes
\
"
(On the left side of a character, "c^" is written as *\ ",)

(11) '(: mdng

(12) xiexie (##)

XttlSDiR Cultural Notes

Beijing Opera

Beijing opera is a branch of traditional Chinese musical drama. It took shape in Beijing

about 150 years ago and has been popular ever since. Beijing opera is a theatrical art syn-

thesizing recitation, instrumental music, singing, dancing, acrobatics, and martial arts, and
featuring symbolic motions and stage design. The highly formulaic and suggestive movements
of the actors are accompanied by the rhythmic beats of gongs and drums, or the haunting

melodies of traditional instruments. All contribute to its uniqueness as a performing art. Bei-

jing opera is rooted deeply in Chinese culture and still appeals strongly to many Chinese.

-75-
The first six lessons of this textbook provide an overview of the phonet-

ic system of the Chinese language, which consists of twenty-one initials, thir-

ty-eight finals, and the four basic tones. There are only a little over 1,200

ways of combining initials and finals in Chinese. Now that you can use

pinyin, you should be able to read any Chinese syllable correctly.

A major goal of language learning is to acquire the ability to communi-

cate in that language. For this purpose, you have learned how to respond to

a number of basic social situations. In addition, you have met with more

than one hundred words and expressions, have learned forty key sentences

and have studied twenty-two sentences of classroom Chinese.

So far, you have acquired sixty basic Chinese characters as well as

more than fifty new vocabulary items formed from them. You have also

learned some rules of stroke order for Chinese characters. This elementary

vocabulary will be useful when you start to learn compound words and con-
tinue to build your vocabulary.

-76-
From this lesson on, apart from continuing to work on

improving your Chinese pronunciation, you will learn how to

talk about everyday situations using a greater variety of

Chinese expressions than before. You will experiment with a

larger number of Chinese sentences, and will further explore

the culture, customs, and habits of Chinese-speaking peoples.


This lesson will help you with making acquaintances,
discussing your studies, and asking questions in a different

way than you have previously learned.

Mfcli Lesson 7

NT renshi bu renshi ta

Text

fa *P:
Un Nd Li bo, mingtidn kaixue, wo hen gaoxing. NT kdn, ta shi

bu shi women xueyudn de IdoshT?

4 n -To ifW, MA Am #Bfe


Ding Li bo Wd wen yixid. Qingwen , nfn shi women xueyudn de

%n ^?
IdoshT ma?
-77 -
Zhang jidoshdu : Shi, wo shi Yuydn Xueyudn de IdoshT

T [WXHl^] Meeting

someone for the first time


Ding Libo :
Nin guixing?

4 & ft, *Mn iUX T, it


Zhang jidoshdu ;
Wo xing Zhang, women renshi yixid, zhe shi wo de

rningpidn.

T
Ding LibO:
(**>f)
Xiexie.(Kdn rningpidn) A,
fr, & a
nin shi Zhang
ft
jidoshdu,

Wo jido Ding Libo, ta jido Lin Nd. Women dou shi

Yuydn Xueyudn de xuesheng.

& & t&f #1% fit , iUR 4MH


Nin shi Yuydn Xueyudn de jidoshdu, renshi nin, women

hen gaoxing.

ikiVs fain, 4 & fa


*f jtj^ 4fp

Zhang jidoshdu Renshi nTmen, wo ye hen gaoxing. NTmen dou hdo ma?

, *P fa fto fa , & &


Lin Nd :
Xiexie, women dou hen hdo. Zhang jidoshdu, nin mdng
^ -It?

bu mdng?

x:
Zhang jiaoshou W6 hen mdng. Hdo, nTmen qing zud, zdijidn!

Ding Libo:

Zdijidn;

Lin Nd :

SffK 26$ 30H- feig 12345678


=

-78-
T , ,

VO kdixue to start school

V kai to open, to start

2. ^ Adv hen very


*3. jfr# A gaoxlng happy, pleased ^fMiSj^

A gao high , tall

4. 4r V kdn to watch, to look at ^titM


5. n V wen to ask ikiM, mmM
6. ytxid (used after a verb to indicate a short, quick,

random, informal action)

*7. N xueyudn institute ffiM&^, Ui% r&


N mfngpidn calling card p$M;,
8.
f
p
9. fr Int d ah, oh

10. X N jidoshdu professor

V jido to teach

* ii. Tftik. pn DTng Li bo (name of a Canadian student)

12. #L PN Zhang (a surname)

T tilt: fa *F A i?
DTng Libd : Lin Nd, nd shi shei?

fa *P: # A *Jfr ^ i^iR T i^iR


Lin Nd :
Nd sh] Md Ddwei. NT renshi bu renshi to?

DTng Libo : Wo bu renshi ta.

fa ^: A & fri -To it A A MA


Lin Nd :
Wo Idi jieshdo yixid. Ni hdo, Ddwei, zhe shi wo pengyou-
T tilt: ^ m A *fc T, H T ^ifeo ^ ft, # ^
DTng Libd : NT hdo! Wo xing DTng, jido DTng Li bo. Qingwen, ni jido

-79-
shenme mfngzi?

Md Ddwei; Wo de Zhongwen mfngzi jicio Md Ddwei. NT shi bu shl

Zhonggub ren?

DTng Libd: W6 shi Jianddd ren. Wo mama shi Zhonggud ren, wo bdba

shi Jianddd ren. NT ye shi Jianddd ren ma?

Md Ddwei Bu : shi, wo bu shi Jianddd ren, wd shi Meigud ren. NT

T
DTng Libo :

Md Ddwei; Wd xuexf wenxue zhuanye. Xidnzdi wd xuexf Hdnyu.

Lin Nd : Xidnzdi women ddu xuexf Hdnyu, ye dou shi Hdnyu xi de

ew Words
4ia
* l. i% QPr shei who

*2. ^ V Idi to come

V jieshdo to introduce ftm^n^U


N mfngzi name fatfy%,

N Zhongwen Chinese tpXte^, ^Xftft


N bdba dad

-80-
,

*7. V xuexi to learn, to study

f V xue to learn to study ^


N zhuanye major; specialty ^^^Alk, Ui^$L> inW^ik

^
8.

9. N nieishu fine arts

& A mei beautiful

10. x# N wenxue literature

ii. $ N xl faculty; department $US f i m% , ^^t^

*12. 4^7*7 PN Ma Ddwei (name of an American student)

*13. ^^ric PN Jianddd Canada

i4. #m PN Meigud the United States

Supplementary \Y< ?rds


il
11 x4t N wenhud culture

2. 5t N lishi history

3- t'.f N zhexue philosophy

4.
1
F-| * 4 N yTnyue music

N jingji economy

6. N shuxue mathematics

7. N wulT physics

8 N hudxue chemistry

9.

io.
m N

V
jidoyu

xudnxiu
education

to take an elective course

0) ^P51--To
" h
" is used after a verb to indicate that an action is of short duration , or express

the idea "giving something a try". It can soften the tone of an expression so that it sounds

less formal. For example: "iAW F", "^*S K", "* "it* T*, "f T",
P\
-


"$c*^^n ~F" and "SifHiAiR ~F" are expressions commonly used when people meet
each other for the first time.

-81 -
To indicate the place or organization where one works, plural pronouns are often used

as modifiers. For example, the following phrases are used: "'f'tMn > "W-\\~\^fc" , "Sill
!|?(gu6jia, country)", rather than "fife^", "3&H".

d) m,im^mUo
"fnj" is read in the fourth tone, indicating a sudden understanding or expressing admira-

tion.

This is a casual way of asking someone's name, applicable to an adult talking with a

child, or used among youngsters. The answer is usually one's full name. For example:

^HTyOt^"- You may also answer by giving your surname first, and then your full name.
For example: "iftT^^TAS".

A noun can be placed directly before a noun as its attributive modifier. For example:

To render a non-Chinese name into Chinese, we may choose two or three characters

based on the pronunciation or meaning of the original name. David March, for example, may
be rendered into Chinese as and Natalie Lynn as "^$J|$"; the surname "White"
can be translated as "f=T', and a girl by the name of Amy can be called "JcJi".
Both "^^t" and "JXip"" refer to the Chinese language, "^^t" has a broader mean-

ing, referring to the Chinese language in both its written and spoken forms. Originally,

in" referred only to the spoken language of the Han people. Today, it is often used to re-

fer to both the written and spoken forms of the Han language. These words are now used
interchangeably by most people.

Drills and Practice

KEY SENTENCES
i. #.^^Mn#p&^:^?

3. AiiliL-m^T ,4M t^^-^^o


5. &#3&^t4t
6. m$ ,&ityJLfrifr$Vi%r-a

-82-
&

1- ^@IT^!li^^ Master the following phrases


(1) *-T ^HS-T iUX-T #3-T
(2) iUR^iUR frig^-fri #^?^#^J
*^ir fW- 5
] *;f-ir

(3) &ffl& %%w&


&4n%w 4Mn#&
(4) &#j;g^ 4&^j;^ &^%M%n &t%fc#l% . tx,W*f
(5) tSA ta^ff
JWiL -kMA -k%n

2. Pattern drills

(1) A :

A : fo/WL&tt'A'l
B: ft/M^o

(2) A \%%L%>bm
:

B:

A: 2fh&*\tt'A&%1 Mr. White


B: ^J^^iUo
(3) A: #,/jfeA #^n^# "-%?
B: ^ a^. n
tfi ,

A: W^tt^Z^.
B:

(4) A: ft&^A*^
B: ^,4^ ip^ A
A: ftMMM"^ t 3t & ^ # &.
B: 4,^^HiA =

(5) A:

B:

A:

B: iA4fc##Uo
(6) A: mkir.^ikir. JhjkA ?
B: &iki? ^^% o Wli
A: -fifc/ifc^PaA?

B: o

(7) A: fo^ jMt & # y , fe'fc?

B:

A: t M.gU-## ?

(8) A: ##4" ^ ^i(lishT)


B: ^^_ #^(zhexue)
A: -g-/f;(yTnyue) ^(jTngji)

B: &#3JM?
A: &#3X#-tJk

3. ^EHjit^l Make sentences according to the pictures

(1)

" *

i

49 iff
4. zHS^^J Conversation practice

[-feOi^I/ilfil Meeting someone for the first time]

(f) A : ra,jNi?
B : ,*>] o i&ytf

A; o iA&&)& % o

B : c
(2) A : ^jHiAtX-To ^ o 4fc"\tf&&%
i '!

B : ^ David MarchM t ^ ^7

(3) A :
A?
B :

A; o

(4) A : *i-l,&;i*jt@A?
B; 4k^A ,$K?k- o

(5) A : &Ji-%-T,il& ,foA o

it A SA.A o

B : iki?M%&X
C :

.* , Ai& f ^ l& & # #4o # 41 ,&&&X

[$T^ik Talking about one's major]

(1) A :

B : ^^jSL^S-j^^f i
A: f4^tt^f?
B : &^3^(lishi)t lo #^^-JtA'H-^?
A :
&#^jk&
-85-
(2) A
B
A
B
A 4fc ( xu a nxi D ) \\ A?
B mii^(wenhua)

5. Communication exercises
( 1 ) You come across a student whom you don't know. How do you cany out a conversation

with him/her in order to know more about him/her?

(2) Two of your friends do not know each other. How do you introduce them to each other?

(3) How do you introduce yourself in a meeting?

(4) How do you ask about your new friend's major?

#1t2^ Student's Registration Form

name tfejj}!) sex age Biff nationality i$*$L institution

I'M 21 An** iH ^ iX W<


mw -k 19

22 mm

S3- l^li^^OS]^ Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

frig - T oM^t t*,ttX^fo ii^L^^P ^oUt , HI ( Yinggu6)

^Ai^t f $LiW dt^J^il^ : ,


(Ydng) ^Mf]

-86-
Grammar
1. lIMJPii^^fHl^i^ Attributives expressing possession
In Chinese, an attributive must be placed before the word it modifies. When a noun or

a pronoun is used as an attributive to express possession , the structural particle " " is
(j*J

usually required.

NP / Pr + A<J + N
ft

W 0
When a personal pronoun functions as an attributive and the modified word is a noun
referring to a relative or the name of a work unit the " " between the attributive and the
, $J

word it modifies may be omitted. For example ; "$tMM" , , "ffe if] M" , "SciH^I^".

2, jEfiftfil^I V/A-not-V/A questions


A question can also be formed by juxtaposing the affirmative and negative forms of the

main element of the predicate (verb or adjective) in a sentence.

V/A + 'A> VVA +


-

Predicate
Subject
V/A Not V/A o
* 'ft?

mi m -

*
The response to such a question may be a complete sentence (affirmative or negative) or
a sentence with its subject or object omitted. One may respond with "te" (affirmative an-

swer) or "^FJe" (negative answer) at the beginning of an answer to a "jfk^FJI" question.

For example;

(1) ()tt. ($)Wo


(2) (mmxmm (mmixiPs(%)o

3. M"!5r$J&ltt^lft^[5)fc| Abbreviated questions with


An abbreviated question with "BE" is made by adding "5^" directly after a pronoun or

a noun. The meaning of the question, however, must be clearly indicated in the previous
sentence.
-87-
Pr/iNP + % ?

mm mm? = imm )

IIIMA.IK? (ftfaee? = ^iP^AA^? )

4. "Wm"WL& The position of adverbs "ife." and "^5"


The adverbs "-til" and must occur after the subject and before the predicative verb
or adjective. For example; "#fttl;ll}jn<: A A", Wlliin^A A". One cannot say "til

If both "-til" and modify the predicate, "til" must be put before

iil/fP + V/A

Predicate
Subject
Adv V/A

Ji iP^AAo
iHR too
'to

J jJP^AAo
fH

"to

mi Ji AP^AAo
IP
Co
mi & in*AAo
>AiK #o
'Ito

In a negative sentence, "-til" must occur before ">f\". "Iff" may be put before or after

"^F", but the meanings of "[5 ^F" and "^F HP" are different.

t!l/f|5 + S + V/A

Predicate
Subject
Adv V/A

m Mo
% Ji^Drpo
mn }||;IIo (none of us)
mn f^ilo (not all of us)

-88-
A- R* Chinese Characters
1. tSt^fi^Sfrffc Chinese character components
There are three aspects to the structure of a Chinese character: the strokes, the compo-
nents and the whole character. For example, the character "7fc" consists of four strokes;

|
*v ^ v " jt
-

s a ]3 as i c character and is also used as a component for some

other characters. For example, consists of two "/fc" characters. The components are the

core structure of a Chinese character. Chinese characters can be divided into character-parts
and non-character-parts. For example, " $c " can be divided into the following three parts;
[3
"
,
"76" of which "tc" is a character-part, while " |3
" and " are the non-

character-parts. The key to learning Chinese characters well is to master their components.

2. VsM^^^L^ Leani and write basic Chinese characters

kdi to open 4 strokes

("^f " looks like the bar or the bolt of a door; when the "jr."
in ":7f" is removed, the door opens.)

(2) g n n n n
mu eye 5 strokes

(3) T TT 'A

xia below, bottom 3 strokes

(in contrast with "_h", the "


b" under " " denotes "bottom

or "beneath")

(4) 7L " /"


yudn first ;
primary 4 strokes

(5> Jt" ) )' fA


pidn a flat, thin piece; slice 4 strokes

(6) Jl ^rffriL
mm
pi skin 5 strokes

-89-
-r -3
(7) ^ 3
gong an archer's bow 3 strokes

5
<8, '-^f-fc
zhang to grow 4 strokes

(9) %L ()
lai to come 7 strokes

do)
lie be situated between; interpose 4 strokes

(id 5C
fu father 4 strokes

^ -rr JT
(12)

bd wait anxiously; cling to 4 strokes


("B" stands on the right side or at the bottom of a Chinese character,

and denotes the pronunciation of the character.)

(13) 3(f ) 1 \J >l


XI to study 3 strokes

(i4) -f- (4)


zhuan special 4 strokes
(Note that the third stroke of "-^r" is one stroke, not two strokes.)

(is) Jk (t) 1 H 'H ^


ye line of business; trade 5 strokes

(16)

ydng sheep
\ >* -* \i. -t

6 strokes
V
(17) TO
Shu art; skill 5 strokes

(Note that "J^" has one more dot than "yf^".)


90
(18) ,f
" ^ ^ ? J ^
XI department; system 7 strokes

(i9) % (A,) )
Wei act; to do 4 strokes

3. i^WW^C^fitttSl^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the

texts

(shuangltren) ('"
i
"
is called the "singl^-standing-pi^son" side; "4 "
is called the

"doublo-standing-person" side.) $ % 3 strokes

n
ft gen * *
f f % 6 sirokes

(l) fa hen

^ yf + |L 9 strokes

~~
(liuzitOU) (the "six" top) *
2 strokes

-^(xingzitOU) (the "excitement" top)


%
* M. 4 strokes

(2) ^ gaoxing (^^)


10 strokes

+ ^ 6 strokes

44 | JJ
(kdfizitou) (In a multi-component character the vertical stroke with a hook

"-f~" is written as a downward stroke to the left "J ".) 4 strokes

(3) % kdn

9 strokes

(Holding a hand "-f-" above one's eyes " " to ga2e.)

(zuo'erduo) (the S 2 strokes


P "left-ear" side) |*

(4) xueyudn (^fiifc)

]% P + ^ + 7L 9 strokes

-91
(5) mingpidn

% $ + a 6 strokes

(6) h a

fT 10 strokes

1
11
-"3" (zTzipUny) (the "son '

side) (TIm- horizontal stroke in die character -"f " is written, as

an upward stroke, when the character becomes ihe left side coinponcnl of another

character.) J 3 strokes

^ (fanwenpdng) (die "tapping" side) (The dol in " >t " is written as " ;
a

downward stroke If) die left, when die character becomes the right side component

7 A
of another cliaracler) b 4 strokes

cf s&
(ShOUZltOU) (die "acceptance" top) 4 strokes

(tubdogtii) (the "bald cover" top) ? strokes

4*Ui jidoshou x
(7) X
11 strokes

4a: 4 11 strokes

(8) Ti7^ Ding Libd

8 strokes

(9) * zhang (ft)

7 strokes

(The meaning side " "


is ^ , and the phonetic side is "-fc".)

8 slrokes

(10) shei (#)

t#.
^ i + fa 10 strokes

- 92 -
^ (jiaosipcing) ( % )
(the "floss silk" side) ' 3 strokes

(ii) jieshao (VMS)

^ + 77 a 8 strokes

^ (baogditou)(ilie "roof" top) 3 <


;(L
.

k es

(12) mingzi

(13) 1^ bdba

^ 5C + Cll 8 strokes

("j>C" suggests the meaning and "t" denotes the pronunciation.)

^ (tuweiyang) ~ * ^ 6 strokes

(14) meishu (JUt)


*
^ + 7v 9 strokes

(15) in^^ Jianddd

* ^7 + & 5 strokes

+ + a+ -f- 10 strokes

(Hands joined together to denote the meaning of "taking",)

XflsJJHH Cultural Notes

Personal Names

Like most names in the world, Chinese names are made up of two parts; family names
(xing) and given names (ming). While family names generally come from the father's side

(nowadays we also find family names which come from the mother's side), parents choose

given names for their children. In contrast to names in most European languages, where the
surname usually follows the given name, family names always precede given names in Chi-

nese. In the mainland, women retain their family names after marriage.
- 93 -
There are over a thousand Chinese family names. Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao, and Liu
are among the most popular, with about seventy million Zhangs exceeding all others.

The majority of family names in Chinese consist of a single character, but there are

some, such as Ouyang and Sima, that have two, and hence are known as disyllabic or
double-character family names (Juxing). On the other hand, it is common to have single-
character or double-character given names, such as in Song Hua and Lu Yuping. Due to

the limited number of family names and shortness of given names, it is not unusual for

people to have identical names in China.

-94-
This lesson will teach you how to

describe your family members, and how to talk

about your university and department. You will

learn how to count to one hundred, and ask


questions related to numbers and amount.

Finally, we will introduce you to measure


words, a grammatical category particularly

well-developed in the Chinese language.

AlH! Lesson 8

W Jl P A
Nimen jlCI you jl kou ren

I 2

il ^^ ^ 4Mn 6d MX?
Lfn Nci Zhe shi bu shi nimen jid de zhdopidn?

Wdng Xiaoyun : Shi a.

^ #P: 4i % -To I I AiO A?


Lin Nti: Wo kan yixid. Nimen jia you ji kou ren?

Wang Xiaoyun: Women jia you si kou ren. Zhe shi wo babcu wo mama,

zhe shi wo gege he wo. Nimen jia ne?


-95-
Lin Nd: Wo you mama, you yi ge jiejie he liang ge didi.

Women jig yigdng you liu kou ren.

Wang Xidoyun : Zhe shi wu kou ren, hdi you shei?

fa *p : as ^ J* JSI o

I
in Nd : Hdi you B6ibei.

Wdng Xidoyuri: Beibei shi ni meimei ma?

fa *p : ;f , JQ ^ ^ * #>o
Lin Nd ; Bu, Beibei shi wo de xido gdu.

Wang Xidoyun :
Xiao gdu ye shi yi kou ren ma?
fa JXl & 4Ul ^ 4? JWiL, A &m
Lin Nd :
Beibei shi women de hdo pengyou dangrdn f
shi women
% tf) A t - ft ^ ft
jia de ren. Wd you yi zhang Beibei de zhdopidn, ni kdn.

Wang Xidoyun : Zhen ke'di.

fa #p : 4Mn ^ >h m ^?
Lin Nd : NTmen jia you xido gdu ma?

Wang Xidoyun : Women jia meiydu xido gdu. Lfn Nd, ni you meiydu nan

MA?
pengyou?

fa *P: ^ ^ ^
Lin Nd ;
Wd you nan pengyou,

Wang Xidoyun r Td zud shenme gdngzud?

fa *p : ^
Lin Nd : Ta shi yisheng.

-96-

(New Words
/j- -jj=|

i. % N jia family, home Ml it, MllC, iMlM


V
2 JL OPr II
J
1 how many, how much

M
1VJL kni j
(a measure word mainly for the number of people

in a family) jlPA, SPA


4. N zhdopidn picture, photo SW?W SfH^WM^ 5

j. ^ he and

6 M (a measure word for general use)

Jl^%%, -^J3J3S, -b-f^, A


7. N jieiie elder sister

8. Nu liang two MP A, W^MM, W^M, W^fs


*9. N didi younger brother

10. i Adv hdi in addition , 2^, iiAiR, , 2S^5


u. Adv yfgong altogether ^^/\ P A
12. rfcfcfcfc N meimei younger sister

13. >]> A xido little, small /J^H ^J^^,

14. N gou dog /hmM^hm


15. M zhang (a measure word for flat objects) , Jt

16. A dangrdn as it should be; only natural that ^j&jk,

17. 4- A/Adv zhen real/really Kit, *rft^, MM


18. A ke'di lovely, cute ^Pfg, aJM^Pl, RTgMilS^
V di to love IIS,
19. } Adv mei not

*20. ^ A nan male J|flfl, J3*, JM


21. $t V zud to do; to make

22. X# V/N gongzuo to work/work 1M, flfclft, i&if^Xft

23. JLJ>*& PN Wang Xic

24. JXI J7l PN Beibei (name of a dog)

97-
fa ^: it #1% k. *
Lin Nd; Yuydn Xueyudn dd bu dd?

Wang Xidoyun: Bu tdi dd.

fa #B # ^!>' ^ &?
Lin Nd : Yuydn Xueyudn you dudshao ge xi?

Wang Xidoyun :
You shf'er ge xi.

fa # &
Lin Nd : NT xi'huan nlmen Wdiyu xi ma?

Wang Xidoyun :
W6 hen xihuan Wdiyu xi.

Lin Nd : Nimen Wdiyu xi you duoshao IdoshT?

Wang Xidoyun.- Wdiyu xi you ershtba ge Zhonggud IdoshT, shfyl ge

wdigud IdoshT. NTmen xi ne?

fa 4un u# & m ^Mn & ft %n & t%


Lin Nd ; Women Hdnyu xi hen dd. Women xi de IdoshT ye hen

dud, you yibdi ge. Tdmen dou shi Zhonggud ren.

Women xi meiydu wdigud IdoshT.

New Words

L. *L A dd big, large ^
QPr duoshao how many, how much ^i!^A,
$ A dud many , much
A shdo few, less

3. 4Mfc V xihuan to like, to prefer g^C?Xi, S^^lffi


-98-
* 4 N wctiyu foreign language ^K^l&, rM
N wdi outside

# N yu language

5. N wdiguo foreign country #hSA, ^hS^S,


6. it Nu bai hundred "S" , W 1, , fflW, AW

Supplementary Words

i. 4 N che car; vehicle

2. isj^. N cididn dictionary

3. N didnndo computer

4. N hdizi child

N yeye grandfather on the father's side

6. ^> N wdigong grandfather on the mother's side

7. &JL# N xizhuren chairman of the department

8. Jgftj$L N zhujido teaching assistant

9. #j/fp N lushl lawyer

10. X4# N gongchengshT engineer

Z- fflff Notes

CD ; '^o
"IfsiJ" is a modal particle expressing affirmation.

(D imnmm
" (11
The conjunction " is generally used to connect pronouns, nouns, or noun phrases,
e.g. ^ifeMVWftt^ "ffl" cannot be used to connect two

clauses, and is seldom used to connect two verbs.

When the numeral "2" is used with a measure word in Chinese, the character "|'Mj" is

??
used instead of "Zl'\ For example; "W5fe|lM* "l^j^hA" (we do not say "115^^)4"",
When the numeral "2" " -
"H-^A")- is used alone, as in , ZL 5i, ,
** " , or when it is

we "
used in a multi-digit number, still use ", even if it is followed by a measure word.

For example; "yl + ^^A",


-99-
if ^ iff?

One of the uses of is to make an additional remark. For example:

The adverb "jsi" can be used in a negative construction, "^^v" means "^F^H*--", so

"yp^^v" means "^F^S;^", and "^>>(ct" means "^F^M'tt". However, when is used

in an affirmative construction, such as ">fcl^(T)" ">&C/MT)" or ";fc


J

|(T)'\ it often

means "too much" or "excessively".

* Drills and Practice

KEY SENTENCES
1. M^/LaA?
3. ikt%L%%M&'?
4. &t%W&o
5. 4+

7. ^^|-tA|t@**Po

1- j^^T^Ut^^. Master the following phrases


(i) iMn^ iMn &^%n

(2)

fauu ibm&
(3) ^m%n t^# ^w& ^nmt + t@>^
$ym%n *\-mf t\-mw&. *y&&

(5) -tMn & ^M^n & ^n^^HM^n^^


-100-
A

(6) 2oA 4tf A 5nA 8pA


70&;^
104- & 26^^-^ 9004- #4
894^# 37 4-

A, 4" $
$y(mm% $>y{*)%

2. *DU#& Pattern drills

(1) A: ifct&fijSj'?
B:

4(che)
ife^a(didnndo)
x5Lii-^^-(ddian)

(2) A: feM t a JW^L ?


B: ftltMAo
A: jil^tilM? ^-^(hdizi)
B: fe^T^4- t l lo

(3) A: if^n^^ ^inf ^ ^^^? 3

B: :jUn&# *h a 2

A: m\)&%$>y *Ym%%. -! $r#.(zhujido) 7


15
B: ^^n^^204-^li_f io

(4) A: MW/LtrA? 5
B: 4Mfl#6crA 3 *&4f-(jlzh)

A: #^^ft^X#? 4 #^(lushT)
B: #^i
(5) A: ^n^JL^tf (hdizi)?
B: IMl|2|f,#fTlo
A: M^^^^l

-101-
3. -%#fi^N# :
P3's#^^@ Solve the following math problems verbally

(1) E.g. 1+2=? A :


Mjia, plus)

3+7=?
28+22=?
42+35=?
56+12=?
68+32=?

(2) E.g. 15-12=? A -t-JL&Cjifin, minus)

^o
:

B : +jft +
36-16=?
47-29=?
53-38=?
90-69=?
100-12=?

(3) E.g. 4x3=? A : E7^.(cheng, times)^A^^?


B : vsiA^A-f^-o
4x5=?
3x9=?
6x7=?
8x4=?
9x8=?

4. ^fi^2J Conversation practice


J
\lA~M-)& Talking about one's family]

(1) A
B o

A
B

-102-
$

(2) A; ###^#Hifc>H-&x#?
B : &&&%L o

A: ,#H%*X#o
(3) A; #-f-lHHtx#?
B : foA%$-

B :

[ijfc^'^ Talking about one's university]

(1) A :

B: o

A: mi^fct
B: o

A : #inf tw-t ?
B: o

A : ^ 4k

B : &&-g-5fc
(2) A :

B : ^.ttl&tf^Jlf o

A : ^int^)k^^n^n^
B : 4UnM*h@]^o
A : _?
B: 4Un ,M*hiM!W^o
(3) A :

B : 4unM# o

A : 4Mfl&#
B : ^n$4d(#)i*^,*(#)_
A : fa$r&^4- ft Cl $ ?
B : &&&&o
+ ^

5. 3Ji^i53 Communication exercises


( 1 ) Introduce your family to your good friend.

(2) Talk about your friend's family.

(3) One of your friends inquires about your department. How do you answer him/her?

E3. i^iSjSUl3S Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

(nidn, year) ifr(qidn, ago) -&i$L& fa T^r 2pt#, T^r#


,

(Yfngyu ,
English) , ^ U-

f-f #^^^^ik,^^^^t^^^(jTngji)o
Wl^^h-^(waip6)^L^^h^: o 4M]1j^(chdngchdng, often

Grammar

1. 11 1006H^^^ Numbers fiom 11 to 100


+ H

iii
11 12 -f-- 13 19 20

21

31 H+
iii
i ii
22
32
-+Z1 23
33
Zl-hH
H+H
29
39 E.-\-%
ii
ii
30
40 E+

81 A+ 82 A+ 83 A+H 89 A+^L 90
91 ^L+- 92 93 ^L+H 99 %^r% 100 1"

2. IStfii^f^^ Numeral-measure words as attributives


In modern Chinese, a numeral alone cannot directly function as an attributive to

modify a noun but must be combined with a measure word. All nouns have their own
particular measure words.

-104-
SPA
Nu

-
+ M

^
+ N

mm
~+ ft J8tf
" " is the most commonly used measure word applied before nouns referring to
,

people, things, and units. (It is read in the neutral tone). "jrl" is usually used before
nouns of objects with a flat surface such as paper, photographs, and business cards. The
measure word " P " is used to express the number of people in a family when it is combined
uy^"
with "A". For example "31 P A". : In other cases, should be used. For example:

TO^H+^A." One cannot say "tinM-tnA."


u n
3. Sentences with ff
The sentence taking the verb "
^ " as the main element of the predicate usually

expresses possession. Its negative form is formed by adding the adverb before "^f".
(Note; "^F" cannot be used here.) Its V-not-V form is

Predicate
Subject
(ft)* o pt

m
% %x

mm /Jn#|?

If the subject of a sentence with "^f" is a noun indicating a work unit, place or

location , this kind of sentence with " ^ " is similar to the English sentence pattern of

"There is / are...".

4. ft*Jl
n
W&& %n n
Questions with
a
Jl" or "0&"
The question pronouns "JL" and are used to ask about numbers. "J~L" is often

used to ask about numbers less than 10, and a measure word is needed between it and the
noun. "^^1>" may be used to ask about any number, and the measure word after it is op-

tional.

JL + M + N (+M) + N
M]*^JLPA? M]^^(-t)^?
-105-
)

7v Chinese Characters
L d^ft^f^ (1) Structure of Chinese characters(l)
Structurally speaking, Chinese characters fall into two categories; The single-component
characters and the multi-component characters. All of the basic Chinese characters we have
learned so far are simple-component characters, such as "A", "7J",
"0", "J] " , "tR", "tR", "Jt", "~F". The multi-component characters consist of two
or more components, such as "jjfc" , "ff] " > "W\ "in*". The order of writing

components in a character is similar to the stroke order of writing a character. There are

three basic types of configuration for multi-component characters;

The left-right structure (J)

a. Equal left-right; (the numbers in the figure indicate the order of writing the

components.

b. Small left-big right

7SL

c. Big left-small right

3
2

2. ikMM^-tSL^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters

(1) Jl(&) ) A.
jT how many 2 strokes

(2) %L " f yf" yfL


he standing grain 5 strokes

(3) ^(^) ^
g (measure word) 3 strokes

(4) $f
licing two 1 strokes
106-
(5)
" ^f^ ^
wei have not 5 strokes

(6) it - i" Jvit


quan dog 4 strokes

(7) (SO " -^^-^r


yun clouds 4 strokes

shao few; less 4 strokes

(9) i f-Jr
shl person 3 strokes

do) & y A^ ^
qidn to owe 4 strokes

/
XI evening 3 strokes
y
I
T\

d2) h I h
bu divination 2 strokes

(13)
"*
( + &)
bai hundred 6 strokes

3. iMfilljt't' IfttSt^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the
texts

^ Shi
" ^ f ^ W 0- 7 strokes
(The "roof top", denotes a hut. A hut with a pig

represents a house. The character "


%" reflects the history of the ancient Chinese

people advancing from hunting to animal husbandly.)

(sidiandl ) (The character "ic" is wrillen as al ihe bottom of a m;ulti -component

tx>
character, and is called the "four-flnls" bollom.) ' *"
4 strokes

(2) j&Jt zhdopidn

13 strokes

(The meaning part is "EI", and the phonetic part is "".)

(3) he

8 strokes

(dizilou) (the "younger-brother" top) 2 strokes

(4) didi

" ^ <f^) 7 strokes

(5) i hdi (it)

7 strokes

(6) yfgong

6 strokes

(7) 4^ meimei

8 strokes

(The "female" side "j ", indicates the character has a feminine connotation.)

| (quanzlpdngxthe ".log" side) ' 5 I 3 strokes

^7 (baozUoil) (the "wrapping" top) 7


2 strokes

(8) $ gou

^ > | + + a 8 strokes
"
("^t" is the original character for It is written as "if on the left side of

characters indicating animals.)


-108-
1
1 .1
(dangzitou) (the "matching" top) 3 strokes

3 (hengshdn) -7^13 3 strokes

(9) II dangran

3zT ~r ^* 6 strokes

* ^ + + 12 strokes

(The combination of a "flesh" side, a "dog" side and a "fire" side, indicating

"to roast dog meat over the fire", produces the character, which originally
meant "burning". Now this character carries other meanings.)

(10) zhen
-
* + JL + 10 strokes

11) ke'ai ()-*)

+ A 10 strokes

4 strokes

(12) >&. mei


n-
+ X.
.

/ 7 strokes

(13) # ndn
m -
7 strokes

(14) #. ZUO

\ + * + i 11 strokes

zhd / /-A-A 5 strokes

(15) x# gongzuo

7 strokes

(16) ^ !>' duoshao


6 strokes
(17) xihuan (%#)
jr + & + " + + P 12 strokes

'
^ ^ + jfc. 6 strokes

(On the left side of a multi-component character, the second stroke of "31" is

written as an extended dot.)

(18) wdiyu

> j? + ]- 5 strokes

3tft#0iR Cultural NoLes

Forms of Address for Family and Relatives

While the Chinese words for "mother", "father", "son", and "daughter" are used in

ways similar to what we find in English, addressing siblings and relatives is fairly complex
in Chinese. Two principles govern how Chinese family members are addressed: 1) relatives

on the paternal side are distinguished from those on the mother's side; and 2) age relative

to the speaker is taken into consideration.

The English words "grandfather" and "grandmother" can refer to grandparents on either

the father's or mother's side. In Chinese , on the other hand , one has to indicate whether

they are the father's or the mother's parents. The parents of one's father are zufu "grandfa-

ther" and zumu "grandmother" and are informally called yeye "grandpa" and nainai "grand-
ma". However, the terms for one's mother's parents are waizufu "maternal grandfather" and

waizumu "maternal grandmother", and in spoken Chinese, waigong (or laoye) , and waipo
(or laolao) ,
meaning literally "maternal grandpa" and "maternal grandma" respectively.

In Chinese special terms indicate whether siblings are older or younger than the speak-

er. For instance, instead of a term equivalent to the English "brother", Chinese has gege
"elder brother" and didi "younger brother". Similarly, "elder sister" is jiejie , and "younger
sister" is meimei. In Chinese, one must always be sure to differentiate between elder and
younger siblings and use the correct term.

-110-
Have you ever wondered how Chinese celebrate their

birthdays? In this lesson we will talk about birthday

customs in China, and you will learn how to ask the age

and birthplace of others. You will begin learning the days,

weeks, months, and years in Chinese, and look at the

Chinese zodiac animals, a remarkable creation of Chinese

culture.

f\>\% Lesson 9

To iinnidn ershi sul

-. arc Text

Wang Xidoyun :
Lin Nd, ni zenmeydng? Mdng bu mangy

I in Nci: Wo jTntian hen mdng.

Wong Xidoyun : Mingtidn shdngwu ni you meiydu key

Lin Nd : Mingtidn shi xTngqT jiy

Wang Xidoyun :
Mingtidn shi xTngqTsi.
fa *P: 4i Ji^K T^f- ^ ^ i^o
Lin Nci :
Wo shdngwiu xiciwu dou you ke. J [^#] Making
V an appointment

Wang Xiaoyun NT XTngqTri you shijidn ma?

fa ti? : MEJ ^/L^?


Lin Nd :
XTngqTri shi jT hdo?

i 'J^: MS ~M "M^, * ft 4B<


Wdng Xiaoyun ; XTngqTri shi shiyue ershiqT hdo, shi Song Hud de shengr

fa *P: A ^? ^ 4^ ^ ^?
Lin Nd : Shi ma? Td jTnnian duo dd?

Wang Xiaoyun : Song Hud yT jiu ba er nidn shiyue ershiqT rl chusheng,

shu gbu. Td jTnnian ershi sui

Lin Nd : Td shi ndr ren?

Wang Xiaoyun Ta ;
shi BeijTng ren. Td bdba, mama dou zdi BeijTng.

LM EI ;|Mn f
XTngqTri xidwu women you yf ge juhui, zhuhe ta de

^EJo
shengri.
^sau
Li bo, Ddwei dou qu,
^
ni
^*
cdnjia bu cdnjia?

fa
Lin
til:

Nd :
*l ft T! 4i
Tdi hdo le! Wo ddngrdn
^ cdnjia. Zhdnggud
A g
ren shengri

chT ddngdo ma?

Wang Xiaoyun : ChT ddngdo.

fa A % -^*L *f *%?
Lin Nd :
W6 mdi yf ge dd ddngdo, hdo ma?

-112-
,, ^

i 'h-Z: ft fTo % ft fa &%i%y$


Wang Xiaoyun : Hao a. Wo mai liang pfng hongputaojiu.

Words

N jTnnidn this year

N nidn year 2002^, 2000^F, 1998^, % M


2. # M SUI year (of age) 3&', + , H+Tn^
3". QPr zenmeydng how is - flHn&lfr,
*4. 4^ N jTntian today &&.4fii

5. N ke class; lesson fSL^M, XfclR, MM


6.

7.
m
Jl^
N

N
xTngqi

shdngwu
week mm-, MM-, ^mn, -tM$
morning BJ5*C^, ~^^F

N shdng above; last SJfi, M3

8. T-f- N xidwu afternoon H^^T^P, I^T^F


T N xid below; next TM$, TMJfiH, T'M
9. N xTngqTri Sunday M#0^, M$ B
N hdo day of the month ^ B^,
ii. 4.9 N shengri birthday 4a, -+^0
-J V sheng to be born

12. IE duo dd how old 4-^^^;


Adv dud how

A dd .
old

i3. V chusheng to be born 1982^

it! V chu to go out; to come out

14. 4 V shu to be born in the year of M$i


15.
$j N juhui get-together; party 4 01^, ^^W^
N hui meeting

16. yj&$T V zhuhe to congratulate |SJ 3? 4


$1 V zhu to wish
17. V canjia to participate; to attend ^jjRSI^s;

* 18. T Pt le (modal partical/aspect partical)

19. ft V chT to eat

20. N ddngao cake -^M,


N dan egg

m N gao cake

21. ^ V mdi to buy S^Sli


22. M ping bottle |fS7jC

23. N hongputaojiu red wine -HfSfilff^itS

A hong red

N putao grape tfe^^ , ^fH^J


V
N IIU wine or liouor

*24. 5fc.i PN Song Hud (name of a Chinese student)

25. PN Beijing Beijing


,

Song Hud: Xiexie. Ddngdo zhen pidoliang. Nimen Idi, wo hen gdoxing

Ma Ddwei; JTntian women chl Beijing kdoya. Wo hen xThuan chT



kdoya.

DTng Libd: Women he shenme jiCff

Wang Xidoyun Ddngrdn he hongputaojiu, women hdi chT shoumidn.

fa *p :

Lin Nd : ChT shoumidn? Zhen you yisi,

Song Hud :
Lin Nd, nT de shengri shi nd tian?

fa $h
Lin Nd :
ShiyTyue shi'er hdo.
ATT yf-fc
-t-^ + -f # *fc #Sr
Song Hud :
Hdo, shfyTyue shi'er hdo women zdi Idi chT shoumidn

New Words

i. A kudile happy
A pidpliang pretty, beautiful; nice M%K)^1&, W%;#lMft
3. if ?4 N kdoya roast duck zltjsC&ipS

N yd duck

*4. "ilj V he to drink mWM, n|(kafei)

5. # Adv zdi again , , M,


6. #uxr N shoumidn (birthday) longevity noodles Bfe^FlU

ft N midn noodles BH]

-115-
l, H&Jl N wdnshang evening

2. f# N zhongcdn Chinese food

3. N xTcan Western food

4. N chd tea

5.
^# N kele coke

6. N xuebi Sprite

7. N pijiu beer

8. N hdnbao hamburger

9. N regou hotdog

10. $J$L N midnbdo bread

11. 4^ N niunai milk

12. N mTfdn (cooked) rice

*
m
ml Notes
CD
This is also a form of greeting used among acquaintances and friends, and is similar to

"
The phrase "j^^i? does not raise a question here, but expresses mild surprise on the

part of the speaker concerning something that he/she does not know. For example;

A : rtimm^wm^M^tM.
B :

Sometimes it expresses doubt, or modesty when receiving praise. (See Lesson Eleven.)

CD > A?
Here is an adverb, followed by an adjective. The phrase + V is used to

raise a question, and in this case refers to age.

In asking about age in Chinese, one has to choose different forms for different groups of
people. "{^^^ ->a?" can only be used to ask the age of an adult, or people of the same
generation as the speaker. When asking the age of a child, we usually say 'M^^^F JL
V ? and when asking the age of an elderly person or those older than the speaker, a

more polite form has to be used, which will be taught in Lesson Eleven.

-116-
: )

It is customary for the Chinese to designate one's year of birth according to twelve ani-

mals, which are arranged in the following order: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake,

horse, ram, monkey, rooster, dog, and pig. These form a twelve-year cycle. For example,

the year 1982, 1994 and 2006 are all designated "dog" years. The people who are bom in

these years are said to "belong to the year of dog", which, in Chinese, is written as " JS

?fjj". The years 1988, 2000 and 2012 are dragon years. Those who are born in these years

all

This is an expression usually used to ask someone's place of birth. It can also be said

as " " with "J|" omitted; and in answering "SIIUL", usually necessary to
iikfflJLA? , it is

specify a province, city, or county. When asking about nationality, we use the expression
"
"WW A?

This is a familiar form of expression used to give greetings to someone on his/her birth-

" "
day. is used to express good wishes, sometimes with the implication of "congratu-

advance", whereas "T^^'M^ " commonly used congratulate someone on some-


lating in is to

thing that is already known or has already occurred. For example *.

A : fcTMffl^^nJKjiehun, to get married

B: UM%\

(?) mm^m^ ,

A verb or a verbal phrase can funtion as the object of the predicative verb. For

example

When celebrating birthdays, a traditional Chinese custom is to eat "longevity noodles".

The length of noodles symbolizes "longevity".


Drills and Practice

: KEY SENTEN CES


l. te^MF-^*.?

: 3. I^ElMf?
: 4. Mii^H*
\
5. fo-JLs^-^-f
':
6. i^r-^MM*/*^?
: 7.

: 8. i- ei ft $ !

1. jKVi^T^liSJiS. Master the following phraaes


(1) $*T^ JL^/V-f-i^- _h3.# _t#.= Xg.M^-T^
$_9h=-^ #7cT^ ^^--h-f-T^ Till TI*0 TM-H-Ji^
(2) ^-bO^ilJi -A,/VjL4#?Ji3U -A^O^i^

(3)

(4) ^EJ f^iB i^G^gj


(5) jb^st^

2. ^jMUflfe Pattern drills

(1) A: 2002 2002 2002

B: ^^i^IMo
A: Bflj^J^/L? M 27 m M 16 ffi r 31 |
B: BJiUIMo

(2) A: -^iL^- A^^TV? 2^


- - = m e
B: ^Mi^^^iMio 1 2 3 4 5
tn
6
h
7
A: g.Mf. fotflLtifc'! 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

B: &Ji^-^,T^>Jlo 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28
1 18-
(3) A Mi ;fr*#J(j7ngju)
B

A
B

(4) A: M^'fc^'l*? M E)

B: lMl#-'fco
A: 4fc$/L#HtlB]?
B: &MiLT^Btla"]o

(5) A: ^A.-f^ih^?
B: &Tft^^ &to
A: T^~-tM/L?
B: T ft-^rjl^M-

(6) A: ^^2*:? 19 1^69


B: &4^2lo 20 3 n 12 EI

A: ^^a^^? 22 4 22 -f

B: ^<HjEJ^8^31-f-

(7) A: ^A^JlA? JL^(Shdnghai)


B: &&;|b"Ao >&-f ^(Wengehud)
(Duolunduo)
A: jtJC&#?
M^(Niuyue)
B: Atfi|| fert(LundQn)

(8) A
MTftCkele) i^R^(hdnbao)
B Jt(xuebi) /v4-^,^(reg6u)
A 7?M v%-7$ (pijiu) ^l^St &(midnbdo)
B
-119-
3. P3WT#)NliS Answer the following questions

(i) -^tJi^n?
(2)

(3) -^M.M^&IL'!
(4) Y-ft^Z'y&i
(5) 1--ft%JL^3_M^
(6) M.MJI?
(7) ^M^AJL^rl
(8) M.M&ifcHLft&'t
(9) #4-3*.^^^?
(10) ^4M-(chd)"-S,?

4. #T^^ Conversation practice

[t^Tx Making an appointment]

(1) A :

B: o

(2) A : + ^ M^f^?

A : + w 4UnT^^f^,#^>^J^?
B: fe(dulbuqT) , , f&'lb (kongpd)^#(xmg)
A : >&&(mei guanxi)

[ fnJ^I'^iv^P fctj ilii Asking about someone's age and birthplace]

(1) A : tf.^42*L?
B: ^^-- + ^(^)o
A : ^^iElA-iSp^?

A : El !

B : o
-120-
(2) A :
S&tfpjlA?
B : $^_Uf (Shanghai )A
A: ^^^^Ji^?
B : ^,fo$\$L& o

A;

B : itlt^-fn^PMo
(3) A : (hdizi)^?

B : ftt-HSf D

A; #,4^A,^?
B : * o

[
'fft >'! Hi P Celebrating someone's birthday]

(1) A : Tl|lM*f^i9 ,^l|t^ot4T4?


B : &j$&
A; o

B : #7 ,4un ,"fc>^
(2) A : 4-^^ # EI , EI !

B : Mo lMt]fr,&fc&Xo

5. ^I^^^l Communication exercises


Your friend is trying to make an appointment with you. Please reply according to your

schedule for next week:

mm- SfflB

tut B
T^F
del qiu

8? ft
wanshang youyong
jingju
23- f|]'@ijSUt[}i Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

Grammar
1- ^Pvli ^BftULSB Expressing the date and days of the week
In Chinese, the four figures making up the name of a year are read out as four sepa-

rate numbers and is put at the end. For example;


KKA^f- yT jiu jiu ba nidn
lOOO^ er ling ling ling nidn

ZOOr^ er Ifng ling er nidn

^0^0^ er ling yT ling nidn

The names of the 12 months are produced by combining the cardinal numbers 1 to

12 with "M"- For example:


yiyu6 January -tn qlyue July

eryue February am bayue August

=n sanyue March %n jiuyue September


siyue April shfyue October

wuyue May -t n shfyfyue November


liuyue June M shf eryue December

-122-
The names of the dates are produced by combining cardinal numbers 1 to 30 (or 31)

with (spoken form) or "0" (written form). For example:

(^LM )/n^ (eryue) lid hdo February 6

(~M)+z:-^ (shiyue) shf'er hdo October 12

(~h ,E )H-hz:B (shiylyue) ershf'er ri November 22

(-hzij )H+ (shf 'eryue) scinshfyT ri December 31

If one mentions a date in the current month, one can omit "Jj " and simply say "-",

The cardinal numbers from 1 to 6 follow " to express Monday to Saturday. The

name for Sunday is "Jjlffl^c" (spoken form) or I $3 " (written form).

MLM^ XlngqTyT Monday JIMS xTngqTwu Friday

xTngqTer Tuesday xingqiliu Saturday

IIS^H XlngqlSCin Wednesday xlngqlri Sunday

MfflE xTngqlSI Thursday

The word order for expressing the date and days of the week is;

+ >] + + \m

2000^ 12% 25 SfflH

2. ^Bt(SI^li^Sf^4fc^ Words expressing time as adverbials


Words expressing time, such as "JJfi^E", "T^P'\ "Zl^^. ~h-^" can function

as adverbials to indicate the time of occurrence of an action or a state. Adverbials of time

(Time-When) can be placed either (1) after the subject and before the main element of the

predicate or (2) before the subject to emphasize the time.

S + TW + VO//V

Predicate

Subject
T W V O / A

B
1982^10^27
m m it.

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M

TW + s + VO/A

Predicate
Time words Subject
V o / A
/ ~i jS >t
1 . 1 IN if?

mn
mm n * n ^Hffo
'Ito

Note: 1. Adverbials of time (Time-When) can never be placed after the predicative verb.

For example, one cannot say f-i^^".


2. If there is more than one word expressing time in one adverbial , a large unit of

time should be put before a smaller unit. For example: "E^ ^_t^p" "MS? , T^F

3, ^i^ifft^O Sentences with a nominal predicate


Nouns, noun phrases, and numeral-measure words can function directly as the predicate

of a sentence and do not need the verb "/e". This kind of sentence is especially used to ex-

press age, price (see Lesson 10), and so on. In spoken language, it is also used to express

time (see Lesson 1 1 ) or birth place,

S + Nu
Predicate
Subject
Nu-M

n
4. JfT0ie? "H(SJ Using WJ? to ask a question
Questions with " are often used to give a suggestion or to ask for an opinion.

The first part of such a question is a declarative sentence, and its last part can also be ""I

M]*M(y6uyong),OT?

Some examples of affirmative answers are; "fW", "iidf 7".

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iinese Characters

l. Structure of Chinese characters (2)


The left-right structure
a. Equal left-middle-right

2. i^^3S^|5t^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters

(i) ^
fin
7 T^y^^
present day 4 strokes

A:
(2) -f-
nidn year
/ >~
4 6 strokes

(3) ^ ^ V7 \=7 \=7 ^f


gu6 fruit 8 strokes

(4) r if it it it.jt.jt
qi he (his); she (her) 8 strokes

(5)

Shcing above 3 strokes

(Placing "Ji" on top of " " means "above".)

J / A- A-
(6) f
wu noon 4 strokes

(V) 4* jt tb
chG to go/come out 5 strokes
( " U" denotes a cave , and " *{*
" denotes one foot stepping

out of the cave.)

(8) S (#) ^ r fifitfirfhrfh&


mian noodles 9 strokes
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(9)

Shi corpse 3 strokes


("/*" denotes a dead body or a carcass.)

do) T ^T
le (particle) 2 strokes

(id i(j0 1
^ ^ ^i ^ 7

Chong insect; worm 6 strokes

r
(12)

er ear 6 strokes
3
(13)

qi to beg 3 strokes

(14) 7^ '
"^f^ift :6 1
mT rice 6 strokes ill
(The four dots in stand for grains of rice.)

(14) *k(f&)
t6u head 5 strokes

(is) & r EiRi


wd tile 4 strokes

3- iA.^^^ttf3 ^?^^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the

texts

(l) # sui (JO

6 strokes

(2) zenmeyang (,t-/t-#)

^ ^ + ,u 9 strokes

10 strokes
126-
(3) ft. ke (#)
10 strokes

(4) M.M xTngqT

9 strokes

M * -i-
^ 12 strokes

(hdozidl) (the "number" bottom) 2 strokes

(5) -f- hdo (&)


5 strokes

(6) M, shu (4)


^/ ?
+"+i+r7 12 strokes

(7) ^ juhui
6 strokes

14 strokes

6 strokes

(Shizipdng)(lhe "manifestation" side) / >f yf 4 strokes

(8) #L^f zhuhe (#L-Jf)

9 strokes

ft f n + J3d 9 strokes

(9) chT

6 strokes

(to use mouth "a" to eat

(pTzit6u) (the "foot" top)


~ 1* t/T ^ 5 strokes

(10) ddngao
* - + 4 1 1 strokes

~~
^ $ "I" 16 strokes

(On the left side of a character, the sixth stroke in "t^" is written as a dot.)
127-
(honggOU) (a liori/onlnl stroke v.illi a liook) 1 stroke

(11) Vk mai (I)


^ + ^\ 6 strokes

(12) #L ping

$L + f + li 10 strokes

(13) l hong (Ix)

n + X

(caozit6u)(lhe "grass" top) -~ 3 strokes

* -rniiwff 7 t c 8
7 A ^4^--^-
4r f6ll 6 strokes

(14) #5 3 putao
^^^"+^ + 1^ 12 strokes

^^-^+^7 + -^- 11 strokes

"3"
you ~T iTTTl^WW 7 strokes

(15) )gj jiu

>jj 10 strokes

y
^ (Sanpi6r)(the "threeHlown\varu-Htrokes-to-thn-l<>{V' side) ^ ^ 3 strokes

(16) canjia ($-fa>)

^ A + + ^ 8 strokes

(17) Song Hua

5f^. ^ -r Jf- 1 strokes

^ 4& + + 6 strokes

Mi 3 strokes

(18) ibif; Beijing

^Ij ^ 3 -\~ 5 strokes


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*- + a + 'J 8 strokes

^ (juezipdng)(the "decision" side) 4 strokes

(19) kuaile

7 strokes

(xTzitOU) (the "wesl" top)


f? ^ r&
6 strokes

(20) }$>fb pidoliang

+ ~ + 14 strokes

+ " + ^ + 7U 9 strokes

(21) *#<f4 kaoya

* + * + 5 10 strokes

5 ' 5)
( :

+ A 10 strokes

( T
.nnRB f . jS,.
' > 4
4,4,)

(22) he
>^ +
^7
12 strokes

(23) shdumidn (##)


7 strokes
Bargaining for discounts in China can make shopping
quite an experience! This lesson will show you how Chinese
currency is used. Now is a chance to talk more about

yourself: you will learn how to describe your likes, interests,

and hobbies. You will also learn what to do when you can'

think of the right thing to say.

H+il Lesson 10

Wo zdi zher mcti guangpan

3t Text

Wang Xidoyun :
Ddwei, nT zdi zher mai shenme?

Ma Ddwei: Wo mai yTnyue guangpan.

Wang Xidoyun : NT chdngchdng Idi zher ma?

Ma Ddwei: W6 bu chdng Idi zher. XTngqTtian wd chdngchdng gen


n * 'j- it ^ m ^o
Lin Md qu xido shdngchdng. Zhe ge shangchang hen dd.
-130-
Wdng Xiaoyuri: Ni xihuan shenme yTnyue?

& til "t-^o


Ma Ddwei Wo xihuan Zhdnggub yTnyue.

Zhe zhang guangpdn zenmeydng?

i'h^r: i& & ^ ^ (1


Wang Xidoyun :
Zhe zhang hen htio, shi {Liang Zhu, hen youming.

A % & fc ilJL^T >W % fa


Ma Ddwei: Hdo,w6 mdi zhe zhang. Zher you meiyou shu he bdo?

Wang Xidoyun : Zher meiyou shu, ye meiyou bdo.

Ma Ddwei: Benzi ne?

Wdng Xidoyun : You , zdi ndr mdi. Gen wo Idi , wo ye mdi benzi.

Words

* 1. Prep zdi at; in; on

2. N guangpdn CD 3fcft&
3. 4^ N yTnyue music ^St^hlle^
N shdngchdng market; bazaar; shopping mall fe^M^, iftj^^
N shdng trade ; commerce

5. ff Adv chdngchdng often #1jf*, *, ****


f Adv chdng often /F'ffi'

6. $t Prep/V gen with/to follow ffg, M


7. ^"^ A youming famous ^^WifS,
8. 4$ N shu book fflf^ gcf^
9. m N bdo newspaper

10. ^-f- N benzi notebook 'f'^lF 5?^?


,

ii. Pr ndr there S|3JL, JL


12. PN Liang Zhu (name of a Chinese violin concerto)

131
ShTfu : Xicinsheng, nin ydo shenme?

T
Ding Lib6: NT hao, shTfu. GTngwen, zhe shi shenme?

& * iUR 3? it A
ShTfu Nth bu renshi ma? Zhe shi xiangjiaopinggub.

T ^ifc: 4l A ft: it ^
DTng Libo : Duibuqi, wo shi wen :
Zhe ge Hanyu zenme shuo?

fT, M A A & i#?


ShTfu :
A, nin shi waiguo ren. Nin zai nar gongzuo?

T ;*7&:
DTng Libo :
Wo zai Yuyctn Xueyudn xuexi.

& %n A * a? m ^ & f , %h
ShTfu :
Nin xuexi Hanyu, shi bu shi? Nin gen wo xue, hen rongyi

it ^ , it ^ it ^&
Zhe jido xiangjiao, zhe jido xiangjiaopingguo, zhe ye shi

*P 4:
pinggub, nd shi putao---

fu , - /r
DTng Li bo Xiangjiao, pfngguo, xiangjiaopingguo--- , y] jTn pingguo

^^ m [^3fcB] Shopping
duoshao qicn?
132-
- ft -2- * 4^L

ShTfu: Yi jTn son kudi er mdo qidn.

T j]$Li M * * #
DTng LibO; Nin de pingguo zhen gui.

ShTfu :
-
Yi jTn
/f
sdn kuai
* -*
er bu
*o
gui.
&
Nin kdn,
^T, 4
wo de pingguo
^ *
dd. Hao,

$t ^ MA, -H- & 4% - fro


zud ge pengyou, san kuai qidn yi jTn.

T ^ft: -tf
DTng LibO; Yi jTn xidngjiao
dudshao qidn?
4%?

i* & - fr ft, JL & m fto


ShTfu Liang kudi qT mdo wu fen yi wii kuai qidn lidng


: jTn, jTn.

T jjtii: & % Jx fa ft f[ &&$-&


DTng Libd ; W6 mdi san jTn xidngjiao he lidng jTn xidngjidopinggud.

ShTfu :
Yigdng shisi kudi qidn. Zdi song nin yi ge pingguo. Nin hdi

ydo shenme?

T^Sfc:
DTng Libd: Bu ydo
* * T,
le,
^#
xiexie. Gei ni
4% Q
qidn.

J^#: ^, t> ^& * 4%, & & 77 &


ShTfu : Hao, nin gei wo ershi kudi qidn, wd zhdo nin liu kudi qidn.

Zdijidn.

DTng Libd : Zdijidn!

* L ibit N xidnsheng Mr. ;


sir 3E;fo

*2. # V ydo to want iffh&, 3f#jfi3fe&


3. J)^# N ShTfU master worker &ffftt, i!)rp{f

4. ^f-^i^^. N XidngjidOpfnggUO apple with a banana taste H^J|


N XidngjidO banana

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AT
IN pingguo apple "l^^
* J. -A XJN HiUiIKi
U U UinT
1 Lj 1 Fm sony
J

OP,- how Siiji, ^1$,


o. Z-OI II 1 IvU ^frffi
AA
rui iyyi easy , ^WI;, X , ^X^B
8. IoSj N putao grape

9.4% N qidn money T&'P^k

10. /f" M jln (measure word of weight, equal to 500g)

M kudi(qidn) (measure word of basic Chinese monetary

unit, equal to 10 ; dollar

12. -,(#0 M mao(qian) (measure word of Chinese monetaiy unit,


equal to 1/10 &); dime

=
13. A gui expensive, precious ^lll, jtjn', ^F^jn,

14. #.
>x / 2.1; \
V zud to be; to make flMSiS , WI^
is. M fen(qidn) (measure word of Chinese monetaiy unit,
equal to 1/100 cent ##8, Att&
16. X* V song to give(as a present) Mgriji, j&H(|M

17. V gei to give ^flb, gmm,


18. V zhdo(qidn) to give change Jfe^

Sli pplementa ry W on Is

1. 7G M yuan (the same as "ife", but used in written language)

2. % N bT pen

3. il M zhT (measure word for stick-like things such as pens)

4. M fen (measure word for publications such as newspapers)

5. M ben (measure word for books and notebooks)

6. M bei cup of

7. H f J5 N shouhuoyudn shop assistant; salesperson

8. N zuojia writer

A pidnyi
9.

10.

11.
^ N
N
shudidn
tiyugudn
cheap; inexpensive

book store

gym
12. V mdi to sell

-134-
z. Notes

When the demonstrative pronoun "


S " or "
Hp! " is used as an attributive , a measure

word is generally inserted between it and the noun it modifies. For instance: ';i':;)fci;",

"wtmM", "mw.

In addition to being used as a general form of address for a male adult, "jfe^fe" can be

used as a title of respect to address a senior scholar or specialist, regardless of sex.

Sometimes a woman also uses 'VOi ;


" to refer to her husband.

The two expressions "


j& H \\ ^ ? " ,
"
j& c ft" ^ ?
"
> are commonly used to ask what

someone wants. Shop clerks or hotel attendants often use these phrases when offering help

to customers.

(I) fotf-MWo
"fifif" is a respectful form of address for workers, and people in the service trades. It

may be used to address taxi and bus drivers, ticket sellers, cooks, and hotel staff. There

is a tendency now to increase the range of its usage. Sometimes the people mentioned above

also use it to address people of other trades and professions.

'T am asking how to say this in Chinese. (What is this in Chinese? )"
"; l; ^\-f \ P" is often used to ask about the ways one should act or how one should do
L

something. is an adverbial, modifying verbs. For example; ""^^'feSt?

AiA^-jii't
" (or |E%? ') is a sentence pattern we use to express opinion or

speculation, with the expectation of a response from the listener. The affirmative answer to

this question is "IlHW! ", and the negative answer is " (>. -)" . For example;

A : fo&ik^m^&jm''.
B : 1%

"How much is one jin of apples?

-135-
" " common sentence pattern we use ask the price of something
-'If'" ^?4Hs8? is a to

when shopping. This is a sentence with the noun phrase as the predicate. The predicate

is placed immediately after the subject " Jt^^"- Note that the first part (the

subject) and the second part (the predicate) can be inverted. We may also say:

A: ^4H-/r()?
B :

Although the official Chinese system of weights and measures stipulates that "
& ff
(gongjTn, kilo)" is the basic unit, people are still accustomed to using the "Jt", which

is equivalent to half a kilogram.

In a super market or department store, people do not usually bargain over the price,

but when shopping in a free market or at a stall, they frequently bargain.

The various monetary units in AK Ff5 (Renminbi), the Chinese currency are: "X.
u/
(yuan)", "f\\ (jiao)", and jf (fen)". In spoken Chinese, we often use (kudi)"

for
u
%\ and "
Q (moo)" for "fa". When or %v"
is at the end, "^W and

"^fil" can be omitted. For example;

Note:
1.757c

4.80tc
When "23s"
mikA(%m m-ttt(ttm)

is at the beginning of an amount of money, people say

When is at the end of an amount of money, the expression "~.^)*" is often used.

For example;

o.22t5 m%-(#)
"No, thanks."

>)-^jfeffl Drills and Practice

: KEY SENTENCES

: 2.

3. ^ife-fc^JL-;f

5. ^^f-lMfc^iiJU
: 6. &-^o
: 7.

j
8.

-136-
1- 3&fT:?!li3jli Master the following phrases

(1) ikA-^i. &>M^ i*^^


Wfc&ti $f>^M fl^'bM ##L>g
flp&M ^^k,*- ^^-^ik p>h^^. "^^^.-f-

(2) ^ #:x# iUR#

(3) 4t^3 *MSi# iULM &W)L%fo x#


zt^mtm^

2. Pattern drills

(1) A: # #;L^3?
P

B:

A: #^>Mt^-Jk?
B: &#3jNM"Jk.o
A: ^'hr^'fc?

B: H<|Hfc

(2) A: f 1^ ^ (shduhudyudn)
B: fe;lh^J.# #^(zudjia)

A:

B: ^A#4to
A:

B: M#,*MM?o

(3) A: f.*iUf t* <*W p


4?^(shudidn)
B: H^^ffiMo #-f ^f(tiyuguan)
A: -Mifc^iW? ^t^^ (kdoyadian)
B: 4U^M-Mo
-137-
(4) A: tei#JWA'H-&?
B: tfLi&&M&-fcJL&o -f(pidnyi)
A:

B: iiJiitAmio

(5) A: #^i-=-t%ii?
B: MM- + ^^o

(6) A:
ft#L>S 79.8 it
B: 4XSiMo -*J^#L? ^-i(zhT)(bT) 7.35 it
A: -*i&#U -4^#,-4fr(f6n)#l 12.60 tl

(7) A:

B:

3. K#05[^^P^#TM69^^ Practice the following exercises verbally with

one classmate

A game of giving change

E.g. A B : &#1.76>L
-> A. B *
(1) A : -^7.697L,4^^87Lo
(2) A : -*13.127L,^^t-15>tc
(3) A : -*22.787L,^^^307t o B : ^^t,
(4) A : -*31.49tc,^^S50>Lo B -fM^& :

(5) A : -^84.92tg,^^^1007G o

-138-
4. IfclgT^JBiS&^JB&iRlftiaJiiftilB Change the following declarative sentences
into questions with interrogative pronouns

(1) i&^Mfyfe^J&o (Ask two questions)

(2) JTM)&J& Jz JL%io (Ask three questions)

(3) f& iH >g) (Ask four questions)

(4) ^-f-lj^ j^^#(mcii)7feito (Ask five questions)

(5) frift^^^^^^i^il-o (Ask six questions)

5. izH??^<3 Conversation practice

[ ;-v & ''N Pr ft Likes and dislikes]

(1) A: ^-i-^fh^-f ik?


B : 4-S-3?fc. o

A: ^^-35fc"flpS^.#?

B : 31 #o
##&o
(2) A : #,4ofc*4Mt##(zh6xil6)?
B : & a

A : :t&,&^^#^-f ik c

(3) A :
i&#?

A : $-&<>

Shopping]

(1) A : 4t?
B : ^#,###35 ^?
A : #,i&:*Ml
B : ?

A: ffi&iL-/fo
B : ^^-W/To
A:

-139-
&

(2) A; 'ME,ii;l^-f "So?


B : to &%,%&i&Jlo
A :

B :
,Sp*. o &^?
A : #1*^4^*5-?
B : 4f|5Mo
A : 4?,4MP*,l^o
B: ft

(3) A :

B : fa (bei)*4(kafei) Q
A :

B : ^^T,Mo

Solving language problems]

(1) A : ifft ,&^i3U-;fe&iJ,?

B :

C it"^^-(dcliQn),.i-S-T5ijft-

A :

(2) A: "cheap" *>U#&-&?


B : ^S(pidnyi),il^^-f-^Mo
(3) A : 4^^-2/4, #JMt?
B : i4(yi bidn) G

6. WEHzsiS Make a dialogue based on the picture

[jf|"^%"tA,|R Introducing and identifying people]

(1) A: ifctniki?^? 4M^-T


,

it A o

B: iUx^o
C: iki?,fc,&&^&^
-140-
(2) tfrf*l4?

[ifijfrij ICiiquiring]

(1)

(2) t%F\$$l%&.W)1'?

7. Communication exercises
(1) Talk to your classmate about what you like or dislike.

(2) Your classmate is a salesperson in a store and you are a customer.

US- l^i^fDJO^ Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

^jdlMffJWilii &&(dongxi,

-141-
,

Gra mmar

L ^hi^i^S Prepositional Phrase

In Lesson 5 the verb "^E" was studied. "^E" is also a preposition. When combined with

words expressing location (usually a noun or phrase), it forms a prepositional phrase. It is

used before the predicative verb to indicate the location of an action.

r + pw + v o

Predicate
Subject
Prep + N V

ft &JL
ft #JL
\%

The preposition "SH---" is often combined with a noun or pronoun after it to form a

prepositional phrase and used in front of the predicative verb to indicate the manner of an

action.

m + Pr/N (person) + V

Predicate
Subject
Prep + Pr/N V

m m 3fc o

^ o

Note; The prepositional phrases "^E**-" and must be placed before the verb. One

cannot say "S^^SffR"


-142-
2. MMm*hMWT&%}0) Sentences with double objects
Some verbs can take two objects, one in front, referring to people; the other, following,

referring to things.

^/3t + Pr/fl (person) + NP(thing)

Predicate
Subject
V Object 1 Object 2

--\-m%o

W) -^
Note: Not all Chinese verbs can take double objects.

3. ^MMM^MM'W The adverb in sentences with an adjectival

predicate
Many sentences with an adjectival predicate have been studied so far. In this kind of

sentence, an adjective follows the subject directly and does not need the verb "JH". If there

<<;
are no other adverbs such as "JsC", "Jk" or "7f" before the adjective, the adverb fS" is

usually placed before it.

s m + + A

ftWo

In this kind of sentence, if the adjective does not have an adverb before it, the sentence

has the meaning of comparison. For example:

u
The meaning of ^fl " here is not so obvious. "
^ 'It
" and "
^ t " are not much
U;
different in degree. In V/A-not-V/A questions, f|l" cannot be used. For example; " life i8j 7^4

"
^jf^? " One cannot say "fiMlSX^Bi^?

-143-
:

A- H* Chinese Characters

1* Sl^$J^t!ll(3) Structure of Chinese characters (3)


The top-bottom structure

a. Equal top-bottom
\57 #

b. Big top-small bottom

2
1 2 1
3
\ 4

c. Small top-big bottom

2 3

d. Equal top-middle-bottom

2. ik^3^?X.^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters

Zhou boat 6 strokes

(2) J3H A Y~7 TT7 Til? JUL


rnln house hold utensiles 5 strokes

yue music 5 strokes

(4) A.
ZU foot 7 strokes

(5)^(#) ^^^^
shO book 4 strokes

144-
(6) Jf- - 1*
ben root of a tree 5 strokes

"
(The at the bottom of indicates the root.)

(7) -f
ping flat 5 strokes

(8)

ZOU to walk 7 strokes A


(The ancient character looks like a person running.)

(9) e, " * &


jT oneself 3 strokes

* > > >

(10) >v
XUe cave 5 strokes

'
(ii) %
WU do not 4 strokes

d2) 4r y
jTn gold 8 strokes

(13)

jTn (measure word) 4 strokes

(The ancient character resembles an axe. It is used as a unit of weight now.)

(14)

mdO (dime) 4 strokes

(15) %
ge an ancient weapon 4 strokes

-145-
3. iA.2fiH;jt t:
f*$ 5^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the

texts

(l) JL$l guangpdn (jfejt)

6 strokes

-> + JUL 11 strokes

(2) -f & yTnyue (-f^)


> SL + $ 9 strokes

^ (tuzipdng) (On the left side of a character, the third stroke of "_h" is written as an

+ i
upward stroke. Il is called the "earth" side.) ' 3 strokes

(Changzibian) (the "arena" side) %% 3 strokes

(3) shangchang
+ *' + PJ !
,y
+ & 11 strokes

7 strokes

(chdngzitOU) (the "constant" top) ' " " ^ 5 stroke:;

(4) chdngchang

Ifr
^ > + a + r]7 n strokes

$ (zuzipdng ) (On the left side of a character, the seventh stroke in ''/li'
1

is written as

an upward stroke.) ^ ' J 7 strokes

(5) *Jl gen


* $ + |L 13 strokes

1 7
P (dan'erdU0)(the "single-ear" side) f 2 strokes

(6) & bdo (*)

ft > 4 + P + ->L 7 strokes

(liangzijiao) (the "millet" corner) "7 7i *J] jfy 4 strokes

(7) Liang Zhu

-146-
^ ^ J + j# + 11 strokes
^~ (tuvveiniu)(ili<- '

i.
<-
1 i I
- 1 .
-
ox" lop) > - it 4 s(ro ^ es

(8) 2t- xiansheng

?t>
~~
* ^ + JL 6 strokes

(9) yao
* ! -jc 9 strokes

(10) jl-Hf shTfu Wf-)


-flf- (fu) ~* A ifr h 12 strokes

(The meaning side " and the phonetic side


is \ ", is "iff".)

(11) xiangjiao

^ + EI 9 strokes

+ + 15 strokes

(12) pingguo ()
^ + -f- 8 strokes

'
<J
(The meaning is indicated by and the pronunciation is indicated by f-".)

(13) *t^& dulbuqi (#^fe)

%f
* + -f 5 strokes

10 strokes

(14) %h rongyi

$1 + ^ + a 10 strokes

^ + ^7 8 strokes

-147-
7 "-^
f (jTnz1pCing)(the "metal" side)- (On the [<-(i side <>l a eliaraelrr ,
'

is wriU^n

as " ".) ; A k & % 5 sfnikes

(15) #L qidn (4|)

10 strokes

(16) ik kudi (&)


7 strokes

(17) ^ fen

^ > /V + 77 4 strokes

(To cut things in half with a knife.)

(18) iH song

l|L * 1^ 9 strokes

(19) i&- gei (&)

9 strokes

(20) zhao

7 strokes

XfeSDiR Cultural Notes

Currency

The currency of the People's Republic of China is the renminbi, literally "people's cur-

rency", abbreviated as "RMB". The basic unit of the RMB is the yuan or kuai. One-tenth of
a yuan is called a jiao or mao , and one one-hundredth of a yuan equals one fen. Chinese
money is issued in paper notes as well as coins, in thirteen different denominations:

Bills: 100 yuan, 50 yuan, 20 yuan, 10 yuan, 5 yuan, 2 yuan, 1 yuan


5 jiao, 2 jiao, 1 jiao

Coins: 1 yuan, 5 jiao, 1 jiao, 5 fen, 2 fen, 1 fen

-148-
-149-
r By the end
of this lesson, you will be able to ask the
\
time, hail a taxi, ask whether something is allowed, and

indicate your ability to accomplish tasks. We will pay

special attention to how Chinese people respond to

compliments.

^~h 11 Lesson 11

m # m urn
Wo hui shuo yidianr Hdnyu
X. Text

^ *F: & * fet #F G JL A?


Lin Nd : Wo qu Yuydn Xueyuan. ShTfu, qingwen xidnzdi jT dian?

*J*L: J. M /V ,& Q ^ ^ ^ fT!


STjT ; Chd yf ke bd dian. Nin hui shuo Hdnyu a!

Lin Nd :
Wo hui shuo yidianr Hdnyu, Wo shl xuosheng, xidnzdi hui

xueyuan shdngke.

STjT; Nimen ji dian shdngke?

-150-
^ *P: /V Jii^ ^>fn /V ( & & fij ^?
Lin N6 :
Bo didn shdngke. ShTfu, women ba didn neng ddo ma?

STjT :
Neng ddo. Nin de Hdnyu hen hao.

Lin Nd : Ndli, wo de Hdnyu bu tdi hao. Nin hui bu hui shuo YTngyu?

3*1*: & * 4t H & *N&, ft &


STjT: W6 bu hui shuo YTngyu. Wo ye xThuan wdiyu, chdngchdng zdi

jia xue didnr YTngyu.

fa if: if 4t &
Lin Nd; Shei jido nin YTngyu?

STjT: W6 sOnnur.

Lin Nd; Zhen you yisi. Ta jTnnidn jT sui?

* $o A ft * *L T, # ^ ^^o
STjT Liu sui. Wd de suishu tdi dd le, xue Yingyu bu rongyi.

^
:

* #p s m $ ^ $m
Lin Nd :
Nin jTnnidn dud eld suishu?

STjT; W6 jTnnidn wushPer. Yuydn Xueyudn ddo le. Xidnzdi chd wu


/V ^ M ,
i ^- i ^Hfo
fen bd didn, nin hd! you wu fenzhong.

^ #P: , ^ & Ho
Lin Nd : Xiexie, gei nin qidn.

*]*L: & ^ A +, & i & OK?


STjT: Nin gei wd ershf, zhdo nin wu kuai si, OK?

#P: & ^ i
Lin Nd : Nin hui shuo YTngyu!

-151-
A r -Alio mv.
STjT: W6 ye hui yididnr. Bdibdi!

Lin Nd : Bdibdi!

New \\(<ii Is

1. 4- o Pv hui to know how to, can ^ifttJtin

2. ( ) Nu-M (yl)didnr a little bit ^M-&)uxm, m-&)im


3. eJ^JL N STjT driver

4. N didn(zhong) o'clock MAW), A^(^)


V chd to be short of, lack

6. M M ke quarter (of an hour) ^M(f) 9 I^MAm


7. V hui to return 0^, 0^1, HJtB
8. _ht VO shdngke to go to class (both students and teachers)

V shdng to ascend; to go to ?Xi!H$, AlX'itM

9. OpV neng can; be able to tt^i^


10. f>J V ddo to arrive 3\M, 50 Sf, MltM
11. H8pS IE ndli no (an expression of modest denial)

12. 4 V jiao to teach mum, mx^


13. ^# N YTngyu English ^ife-AJLH, ^i
i4. #^c;l N sunnur granddaughter on son's side

k)i N nu'er daughter

15. N sulshu years (of age) &%Wi


N shu number

16. Adv hdi still &%?5.fr?


17. ^ M fen minute A/S4h 1E4>A^
18. IE bdibdi bye-bye (transliteration)

Ding flbo; Chen IdoshT, Md Ddwei jTntidn bu neng Idi shdngke.

fife tH+ * & Jiifc?


Chen Idoshi": Td weishenme bu neng Idi shdngke?
-152-
DTng LibO; Zuotian shi xTngqTri, td shangwu qu shdngchdng mai

dbngxi, xidwu qu pengyou jid wdnr. Ta wanshang shi'yT

didn ban huf xueyudn, shi'er didn xie Hdnzi , lidng dian

zhong shuijido. Xidnzdi td hdi meiydu qichudng.

Chen IdoshT Td yTnggdi Idi shdngke.

T ^>JL: A it * fa ft & - ^
DTng Libo : LaoshT, wo neng bu neng wen nfn yf ge w6ntf?

ft
Expressing permission
Chen laoshT K oyT.

or prohibitioi

T ll$L;
DTng LibO: Women weishenme bd didn shdngke?

i=r New Words

1. Jfr-fl-* Qpr weishenme why

Prep wei for

2. B^iL N zudtidn yesterday 0^^, ft^T^F


3. N ddngxi things; objects ^2ft[S, fe&ffi,

4. #CJL V wdnr to have fun, to play il^ltSUL, ffgl^StJL


*5. 0&_h N wdnshang evening, night Bt=^Hfc, SJWABfe, W
A wan late $cffifeT

6- * Nu ban half #>hSffl, ,

7. ^ V xie to write

8. N Hdnzl Chinese character ^T/X^ 1


, ^1%^
N Zl character

9. VO shuijido to sleep J&jSjfe, iSMlSft


9& V shui to sleep

153-
:

1 -fc V v / nTphiljinnn
Ljioi i i i

y IO gGL Up /NA^sA by j JQJ Lx. Ti Act;

VV LU p^L LIU , 1U Ilfeit,

y IN
phi innn k~ r l 3J fit

11. OpV vTnqqai should ought ;


to jszi^*, tetif* SMli3s
OpV gai should ought ;
to

12. ffijH N wentf question -^fq] it;, RWII, #NJ, SffiWg

13. OpV keyi may ^M$tM,

14. F$ PN Chen (a surname)

Su pplementaiy Words

i. T# VO xidke to get out of class; to finish class

2. vo chTfdn to eat (a meal)

3. ^-4- vo kdiche to drive a car

4. vo chdngge to sing (a song)

5. $k# vo tidowu to dance

6. TJ^ V hufdd to answer

7. ?L4fr N liwu gift ;


present

8. V dd qiu to play ball

9. vo dad! to take a taxi

10. ?Ut0 vo xTydn to smoke

11. ^ N bido watch

12. ^ A '

nan difficult

CD -faxum*
"
\^JL" is an indefinite measure word expressing the idea of a small amount, and is

used to modify a noun. When the context allows of no ambiguity, the noun it modifies can

be omitted. For example


A: M&i&w&mi
B: &,4-$t,-ti)LWi)o

-154-
When "\J=%JL" is not at the beginning of a sentence,
" " may be omitted. For ex-

ample: )JUW ,
"(- )JL?g" , "#(- JL^".

"SUMS" is actually an interrogative pronoun, and has the same meaning as "@IUL", but
here has a negative connotation. It is often used to express modesty when respond-
ing to praise. We can also use "J^P^f? " to express doubt. For example; "JHfllJ? f^ftfjtX.

." Whether we use a word expressing negation or doubt, the purpose is to show
a modest attitude toward other people's compliments. In Chinese culture this is regarded as

an appropriate response.

(D Ht^SSo
"It is not easy to learn English."

This is a courteous way of asking the age of an elderly or senior person.

(D ifH'i'r^y To
"Here we are at the Language Institute."

"You still have five minutes."


One of the senses of "if" already learned is to make an additional remark. Another
use of "SE" is to express the continuation of a state or action. For example;

BfeJL~h I f^o (He is still working at eleven o'clock at night.)

jtilSftSiS^fbS^^tJIlo (He is still unable to read Chinese newspapers.)

?5^"^J^o (He still hasn't got out of bed. /He is still in bed.)

i$>)-l>feffl Drills and Practice

KEY SENTENCES
1. #*1,-3M/t,&?

3. mn jLA^.m
5. &JU$Li& Q
6. itftft&Kfc&XiW
7. fa&iZ%L
8. T # R & 4- R & ^ ?
-155-
1- BilTF^liW Master the following phrases

(1)

(2) fc&^lfc
(3) -sr^ii^

(4) ^it^^ Mi%$$F7t


^^i^^>S
(5)

(6) #jul&*s-

2. Pattern drills

(1)
8:30 9:58
10:05 12:15

3:28 5:45

(2) Tif (xidke) 11:50


*fc4SL(fdn) 12:15

8:20
10:50

(3)

(4) l4^T^>Jl? x-ft(wenhua) 5fc#U


Wo

-156-
-
?

(5) ^& ( youyong ) ^ ^^-(kciiche)


^T$-(dd qiu)
$k#(tidowu)
o
I#.(chdngge)

(6) I^^^Utift?

(7) $t^riq RjH^?

^ #6t4(che)

(8) S^^^l^^^^^^EI?
*> f 35 ^
id ^L#(liwu)

3- MISH^SPd^^ftlfBj Ask a question concerning the underlined words in


each of the following sentences
(1) J^rfcA^A^o
(2) j& .&-M &o
(3) ^8 2,+^ tip

(4) W&tiL-t^.M:%--^&4ro

4. ^ilf^^J Conversation practice

[|p]frj'|R] Asking about time]

(1) A : i% ffl , M ^ ( bido ) 5 /L A?


B : ,^^^-ft(kudi, fast) A JL
A : iftito

-157-
T

(2) A 4^&-MW#HtiS]?
:

B &tftWo
:

A if fc^UDl, if^?
:

B ij-ffo A, A*?
:

A :

B : & ,&;L, ^"-S??

A : *f

[^^tbjt/ Expressing one's ability]

(1) A : ?

B :
JL

A :

B : # # at
,
faj fat ft (tiyuguan) & 3
(2) A;

B : 2t^,4-&^o
(3) A : ^)&:&#(xuanxiQ)## (zhexue)iJfl?
B; &3fi o

A:

B: &tf)7Zi*r3^&$fc

[^/Jn jti^F^^lh Expressing permission or prohibition]


(1) A; T^st^-B)?
B : ziT-k,ii%r(deng, to wait)
(2) A: r^^L^(xTyan )*%?
B : Xt^^,it;L^'TU o

(3) A: ,^&)WfLfe(ndn)

A : 4f,7o

-158-
5. ^H^^^J Communication exercises
(1) Your classmate is a taxi driver, and you want to go to somewhere by taxi. How do

you converse with the taxi driver?

(2) Your watch has stopped. How do you ask a passerby the time?

(3) You are talking about families with your friend. How do you ask him/her about the

ages of his/her parents and about the children of his/her brothers and sisters?

(4) You are visiting somewhere and you want to find out whether or not you can take

pictures (JflM pQizhao)or smoke ( P$ jt| ,xTy an).


,
How do you ask?

^^(biantiao, note)

29- l^li^0S]S Heading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

-159-
Grammar
1. Telling time
These words are used to tell time in Chinese; "M" and "jit".

When telling someone the time the following rules apply:

2:00 m&(>) (The "W in


u
&&" can be omitted.)

2:05 M^(0)31^)* (When "jfr" is a number less than ten, "O" may be
added before it.)

2:10
2:12 M&i--(ft) (When is more than 10, may be omitted.)

2:15 m&-M orM/ + 3I(#)


2:30 or MH + (#)
2:45 Wj6=2flJ or ^-^JH^ or M^H + E(^)
2:55 or W2-rE(#)
The order of time expressions and expressions of date is :

^ + >i + fi + !-r/T^--/iife + #,6

2000^ 12^ 10 S$0 Hfe 8 : 25

2. tBiBlbMlS^d) Sentences with the optative verbs (1); "IT,


u
mr, m
ti&r
Optative verbs such as "Rllil" , "iSW, and "1?" are often placed be-
fore verbs to express ability, possibility, or willingness.
u
Optative verbs such as ^ "
, "fb", and "pJliJ" indicate the ability to do something
and can be translated with the English word "can; be able to".

It should be noted, though, that " ^ " emphasizes skills acquired through learning,

while "fiH" and "1=0"


lit" express the possession of skills in general.

(
t|n)
+ OpV + V

Predicate
Subject
TW OpV V o
il
it
m 2f
m M?
IS ii:

ng

fo mm?
-160-
"lb" and "oJli(" are also be used to express permission or prohibition under specific

circumstances. For example:

Predicate
Subject
TW OpV V o
m
W o

W) mi
^mi
The optative verb " "
used express needs arising from moral or factual
J$[ i% is to

necessity.

Predicate
Subject
OpV V o
it yfc Jt Wo

Note : 1. In a sentence with an optative verb, the affirmative-negative form (V/A-not-


V/A) is formed by juxtaposing the affirmative and negative forms of the optative verb, that

is OpV-not-OpV.

OpV E OpV f V

m m
mi mi
2. The negative form of "Ib" and "rTW is usually "^tb". "^Ffljm" is only used to

express prohibition. For example; "^FRlWKffl (xlyan, smoke)". If the answer to the

question "iflTlWnlW^-TMlI? " is negative, it should be i^SMl


One cannot say "^mi^mM^."
3. To answer briefly, one may use only the optative verb. For example:

BjWiS^f^? RTWo
4. Some of the optative verbs are also general verbs. For example:

3. 31^^(1) 65 Sentences with serial veih phrases (1): Purpose


In a sentence with a verbal predicate , the subject may take two consecutive verbs or

verb phrases. The order of these verb phrases is fixed. In the sentences with serial verb

phrases introduced in this chapter, the second verb indicates the purpose of the action

denoted by the first verb.

-161-
S + V, + V2

Predicate
Subject
TW v, o v z o
HI
5tUL

4. K&flHtffflW(2) Sentences with double objects (2): , "M"


Such verbs as "tft" and "fpj" can take double objects.

Predicate
Subject
V Object 1 Object 2

m
mn

inese Lharacte

1. &^to$frtt(4) Structure of Chinese characters (4)


The enclosure structure
a. Four-side enclosure

b. Left-top-right enclosure

c. Top-left enclosure

d. Top-left-bottom enclosure

e. Top-right enclosure

-162-
1 T
2, ik^M^fiL^ Leani and write basic Chinese characters

CD * 1 v h ( ^
zhdn to occupy 5 strokes

(2) .() 1 r7P7W^^J_


IT inside 7 strokes

" X * $ ? *
(3) J.
zhl to 6 strokes

(4) jfe:
1
^ ^^-^
ydlig center 5 strokes

(5)
~~ ^^^
dong east 5 strokes

(6) $J f f? T^7 ^
XT west 6 strokes

(7) A
mian be excused from 7 strokes

"~
(8) -f" -f-
bdn half 5 strokes

(9) -^(#) " ^-^


yu and 3 strokes

(Please differentiate from "Mj".)

do) jfon """T'^fJi


ye page 6 strokes

(id VX v V VJ vX
yT to use 4 strokes
3. i^WiS^^MltSt^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the
texts

(i) ^ in sTjl (sj^)


~^ ~] + '
+ 7 5 strokes

^/L % + J\j 6 strokes

(2) dianzhong

* + 9 strokes

4t
% + + 9 strokes

7 ( pieweiydng ) ( the ''slanlmg^iiled-^oal" lop) (On llie Lop of a el la meter, I he verlieal

stroke in "-f-" is "writ leu as a doumvanl stroke to I lie lefl 'V ".)

i -3

y 6 strokes

(3) J. cha

9 strokes

l] (lidCiOpCing ) ( On the right side of a multi-component character, "77" is written as

It is called the '"standing knife" side.) '


'J
2 strokes

Ifc hdi *
^"^~y"^ik 6 strokes

(4) M ke

~* l + '] 8 strokes

(5) is; hui

^7 q + a 6 strokes

(6) j& neng


b _
a + n + b + b 10 strokes

(7) $>J ddo


8 strokes

-164-
(8) %\% YTngyu

Ife.
> + ^ 8 8trokes

(9) #^c;L sunnur (M-kSt)

%h * + 'h 6 strokes

(10) suishu

ft ~ > * + ^ + jC 13 strokes

^ pieshou (die "slanting-hand" side) (On tin; left side of a character, the fourth stroke

"
in "=J-" is written as ) ".) ^ 4 strokes

(11) bdibdi

^-f-
^ + + 9 strokes

(12) Ht^. zuotian


EI + ^ 9 strokes

(The "sun" side, "0", shows the character has a temporal connotation.)

(13) fjtJL wanr (%L5i)


5 + 7G 8 strokes

(14) 3? xie ()
> _|_ ^ strokes

(15) wdnshang
EI + ^ 11 strokes

(The "sun" side, "0", shows the character has a temporal connotation.)

^ Chui (-f~ + + ^ ) "


A -=-^--^^r^-#
8 strokes

(16) shuijido (Hjfc)

0^ + "H* 14 strokes

(Please note the side of the character "eye" side " ", "sun" side
left is the @ not the
" ". "Sleeping" is related to the "eyes".)
-165-
jfc > ^ + Mj 9 strokes

(The top of this character is the "study" top, not the "constant" top.)

(17) MA qTchudng (M.^)

y
f~ + 7 strokes

(18) yTnggai {M-M)

J*L
f~ + *L 1 strokes

i% i + 8 strokes

(19) HM. wenti

+ Jjf 15 strokes

(20) % chen

P + 7 strokes

XttlSSKR Cultural Notes

Loanwords

Like other languages, Chinese also borrows words from foreign languages. Most loanwords

in Chinese come from English , French ,


Japanese , or Russian. They generally fall into five

groups; First are inteipretative translations or semantic equivalents. Both terms refer to using
Chinese words to translate imported concepts. Words of this category usually do not appear

noticeably foreign. One example is the word ^^SL dianshi "television", in which ^ dian (o-

riginally "lightning", later "electricity") is freely adapted to correspond to the prefix "tele"

(originally from the ancient Greek word meaning "far"), and $8, shi literally translates as

"vision". The words dianhua "telephone", and dianbao "telegram" fall under the
same category.

Second are transliterations , renditions that imitate the sound of the source word. The non-
native origin stands out in this group of words, for example; ti?%t shqfa "sofa", [JfjRfl^ kafei

"coffee", PTPnlxR kekoukele for "coca cola", and jiake "jacket".

-166-
Third is a combination of the first and second modes described above; partly free para-

phrasing/semantic matching, and partly transliteration. Examples can be found with pijiu

"beer", jl f $ motuoche "motorcycle", and tankeche "tank". While A$ pi is the

transliteration for "beer", Hi ft motuo for "motor", and JjjLjnL tanke for "tank"; M jiu "al-

coholic drink" and $ c^e "vehicle" are translations.

Fourth are roman letters plus Chinese words, such as AA rfrj zhi "go Dutch", BP $1 ji

"pager", and B chao "ultrasound". Fifth is the use of roman letters only, in a direct

boiTowing of acronyms, for example: "CD", "DVD", "CPU", and "DNA".


As a rule, loanwords are added to the Chinese lexicon only in cases where available
Chinese expressions are inadequate to describe new concepts, situations, or other phenomena
that arise when Chinese and foreign cultures interact. However, words like baibai "bye-

bye" and "OK" do not represent new concepts and can be replaced by words of Chinese o-

rigin. Yet many people, especially the young, love such expressions precisely for their for-

eign flavour.

-167-
In China, what should you do if you don't feel well?

Here you will learn how to describe health problems to a

doctor. You will also learn how to express volition, indicate

necessity, and learn a new way of asking questions.

^-hZl Lesson 12

DTng Libo : Ddwei, nl mei tidn dbu liu didn qTchudng qu dudnlidn,

xidnzdi jiu didn yl ke, ni zenme hdi bu qTchudng?

Md Ddwei; W6 tdu teng.

-168-
Ding LibO: NT sangzi zenrneydng?

Ma Dawei Wo : sangzi ye teng.

Ding LibO: Wo xiang, NT yinggai qu yiyuan kanbing

Ma Dawei: W6 shentT mei wenti, buyong qu kanbing

wo ydo shuijiao, bu xiang qu yiyuan.

DTng Ltbo
ft ^ * ;#^,
NT bu qu kanbing,
^#
mingtian nT
i
ha
* &
bu neng shdngke

^
: i

# * EI% * -?
Ma Dawei; Hao ba. W6 qu yTyudn. Xianzai qu hdishi xidwu qu?

DTng Libo : Ddngrdn xianzai qu, wo gen nT yiqT qu. JIntian tidnqi hen

leng, nT yao dub chudn didnr yTfu.

N ew Words
4ii
I. &f N quanshen all over (the body) ,

A qudn whole

N shen body

2. #m A shufu comfortable W|, M^.#J


3. # Pr mei every; each flM^ife, ^ffi/M

4. m& V dudnlidn to do physical exercise ^f^Ht


5. * N tou head

6. jj$ A teng painful

7. N sangzi throat l&^WflR

-169-
v/OpV xidng to think/to want to do sth. WMIfc, M^lM
9. BLP)t, N yTyudn hospital

10. VO kdnbing to see a doctor ilS^#^


N/V bing Ulness/to get sick fS^^
^
, ,

it N shentT body, health MW-W MJ"$ ,

* 12. OpV ydo must, to want to do something HS"^ , Jcffx'jyfc

13. MdPt ba (modal particle)

14. Conj hdishi or SRiJt!!fc, i|$$p


15. ^5. Adv yiqi together ffiffe jg,

16. ^ A leng cold

^ V chudn


17. to wear

18. N yTfu clothes WL&M

# iiJL^4-T, & * ^ # a-f-o


Ding LibO; NT zdi zher xiuxi yixid, wd qu gei nT gudhdo.

Md Ddwei Hdo.

Hi:
YTsheng
8 -t
Bd hdo, bd hdo
, 8 -f a
shi shei?
m
:

T J]$L: A & 8 -f-

Ding LibO; Wd shi bd hdo.

YTsheng : NT kdnbing hdishi td kdnbing?

DTng Libo : To kdnbing.

Si: if dfc T2, ^ "I ^ A *


YTsheng: QTng zud ba. NT jido Md Ddwei, shi bu shi?

Md Ddwei Shi, wd jido Md Ddwei.

# 4^ ^ *.?
YTsheng : NT jTnnidn duo dd?
-170-
Ma Ddwei: Wo iTnnidn ershf'er sui.

YTsheng : NT nar bu shufu?

Ma Ddwei: Wo tdu teng, qudnshen dou bu shGfu.

Yisheng : Wo kdn yfxid. NT sdngzi ybudidnr fdydn , hdi youdidnr

fdshdo, shi gdnmdo.

T XtfL: *
r fe.m
Ding LibO: Td ydo bu ydo zhuyudn?

M.^: KMo ^ ^ 7jc, i pfc *$<, 4*


Yisheng: Buyong. NT ydo dud he shui, hdi ydo chT didnr ydo. NT

yudnyi chT zhdngydo hdishi yudnyi chT xTydo?

Md Ddwei; W6 yudnyi chT zhdngydo.

Eft:
Yisheng; Hdo, ni chT yididnr zhdngydo, xid xTngqTyT zdi Idi.

/4- ^=1 New Word:


~r w-ij

i. V xiuxi to take a rest T, WMWtk


*2, & Prep gei to, for ^m, %mnm
3. *H- VO gudhdo to register (at a hospital, ete.) ^fiH"^
f- N hdo number A"i, Elit^f
4. %&)L Adv youdidnr somewhat; rather; a bit JL^FfJM

5. jJLA VO fdydn to become inflamed !^)L'M^t

6. JC^ VO fdshdo to have a fever JLJt'J^

V shdo to bui'n

7, $f V/N gdnmdo to have a cold/cold JL^W


8. VO zhuyudn to be in hospital; to be hospitalized
9. 7JC N shui water B7jC

10. ^ N yao medicine 3^15

11. MH? OpV yuanyi to be willing to do sth. M,M*t>\ , lflS ^E3S t

12. t$? N zhongydo traditional Chinese medicine

13. N xTydo Western medicine

N xT west

2^] Supplemental) Words

l N yd tooth

2. N duzi abdomen stomach


;

7.
j. / 1
77
>V vn
V \ / kaidao to have an operation

4. V hudydn to have a medical test

5. it N xie blood

6. N ddbidn stool

7. N xidobidn urine

8. VO ddzhen to have an injection

9. A re hot

10. A lidngkuai cool

11. N shenghuo life

12. N YTngwen English

z. mm Notes

When the pronoun "-^j-" modifies a noun, a measure word should be used before the

noun it modifies as in the following examples: "^^h^^fe", jp;". However, be-


fore the nouns "^5" and a measure word cannot be used, and measure words are op-
tional before "M"- For example, we say "%vv", "ll U ", and say either "H-J-] " or "14

"45" is often used in combination with "|f|5". For example;

(2) w&^ft^&j*?
"Why are you still in bed?
- 172 -
"iS^" can also be used to ask about the cause of something, and the difference be-
u
tween and %\\ <s" is that the former indicates a sense of surprise on the part of

the speaker. For example :

Aif , M A# ?
;

Note; "^S^s" and are both interrogative pronouns, but "ijg-^" is often used

as an adverbial in a sentence , whereas "M^ffl " usually functions as the predicate as in

"ifcfis&W! When asking the reason for something, "^g^^" cannot be used and so
"
one could not say

"I think you must go to see a doctor."

In this sentence "^" is a common verb.

"No problem with my health."

"MW" means "body", but it may also mean "health". "i^Mi^^^Wl " is also a

form of greeting among friends and acquaintances. The phrase " " means "no
'St l"J Ml
problem" and it is often used in spoken Chinese to indicate an affirmative, confident

attitude. For example:

A : m^mmm?
B : t&rajB! mm.

The modal particle " BE " has many uses. It is used to soften the tone of speech here

and it may also be used in sentences expressing requests, commands, persuasion and

consultation. For example;

"I'll go with you."

When the prepositional phrase "J?^+Pr/NP" is placed before a verb as an adverbial

modifier, it is generally used with the adverb


"
together they form the phrase "S& +
Pr/NP+ For example:

-173-

"
" is a verb (see Lesson Ten), but it can also function as a preposition. When used

as a preposition, and the noun or noun phrase that follows it (usually the receiver of

the action's benefit) form a prepositional phrase, which is placed before the predicative verb

indicating that the object of "n" is indirectly affected by the activity of the predicate.

mvi^m^
"What's wrong with you?

This is an everyday expression used by doctors when talking to their patients.

The phrase )^JL" (with " " often omitted) is used before certain adjectives or

verbs as an adverbial modifier, indicating moderation. When used before an adjective, it

often implies dissatisfaction or negation. For example:

Note-. There is some difference between "^f^^JL" and "^^JL". "^f J&JL" is used

adverbially, modifying the adjective or verb that follows it, whereas " ,^UL" is used as an

attributive, modifying a noun. For example:

The construction " j&JL + N" is usually placed after a verb as its object. For example:

"
It is not pennissible to replace JL " with ,<5,)L". For example:

M^JL^^Xc (We cannot say "{ifa-^JL^i^^".)


ffe^^JL^o (We cannot say JU&lfe".)

~. Drills and practice

KEY SEN TENCES

5. tiLgr^gr&fc'?
6. ^iSrt^t^a^Ji*^^^?

8. ft 4r&&
-174-
1. Jft^T^li^^ Master the following phrases

(2) T^ii^HtJi

(3) *^7jC
fe^^KjTngju)
(4) Jtt^im

(5)

2. 'fcJlSINfc Pattern drills

(1) A: #>&;pfe#_g jHj?


B: *o
*#J(jIngju)

(2) A : 1=7 ^

B :

^^ii(YTngwen)^
A :

(3) A ft&M*tM * p
t i ?
:

^->#*(y6uyong) ^^^(dd qiu)


B :

A :

(4) A : ^f77(kaidao) T^M


B : */S) ^^(hudydn)jk(xie)
^^(hudydn)^^(ddbidn) KM
ifci}(hudydn)'M(xiaobidn) ^
-175-
A- W it J- a. in] 4fc 4i if ^ ^? 9:30
B: 4:20 if (yd)

A: 11:45 jii^-(dCizi)

B: &t&)l&

(6) A:

B:

A- v(shenghuo) #L4&
R.
>. W> i% /sl n 7SSL o

(7) A:
B:
f nil

(8) A:

B:

3* MMM^i Make up sentences according to the pictures

-176-
4. z*SN&3? Conversation
<
practice

[$i&#f-fc'K#b Talking about one's health]

(1) A : r^m^soi
B : & #,&;i#o
A : *^**HF^?
B : ^^.,^fe^4-To
(2) A : ^*&&^*#J1SL?

A : %mt^n^t-^
B : j&jSJ&o

(3) A : 4M#-&#o
b : ^fr,^^-*Biiao
A: ifr^^m&^fr^'?
B : &#^T+^
[^ife^M-^^S- Expressing one's desire or need]

(1) A : ^^ll^J^.fft^?
B : 'fc&^PJl?
A &^7T^Jj,&Jl&&
:

(2) A M^HtlaV-S?? 4^**T^.(da qiu),^?


:

B : 5tt^fe,^^^^*#^*l-^(taijiquan, taiji boxin g ) ^^4r(da)


^^^-(taijiquan)^?
A :

B : T! ,4*

(3) A : #^f^-f 3U?

A : &^4*4W(hdiziMimi--o

5* Xfi^&^J Communication exercises

( 1 ) You feel sick while reading together with your classmate in the library. How do you

tell him/her ?

(2) Your friend has a toothache (5F^, yd teng). How do you help him/her tell the

doctor about it?

-177-
(3) You want to go to China to study Chinese and to visit the city of Shanghai, but your

friend thinks that in order to study Chinese well you should go to Beijing. How do

you talk to him/her about this?

if ^^(qingjidtido, note requesting leave)

H9- fSlll^Qftif: Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

,^22$

S- ia) Grammar
1- Sentences with a subject-predicate phrase as predicate
The main element of the predicate in this kind of sentence is a subject-predicate phrase.

In many cases the person or thing that the subject of the subject-predicate phrase (subject

2) denotes is a part of the person or thing denoted by the subject of the whole sentence
(subject 1).

-178-
:

Predicate 1
Subject 1
Subject 2 Predicate 2

1 LU

H3l?

4^ 3z*x

The negative adverb is usually placed before the predicate of the subject-predicate

phrase (predicate 2). Its A/V-not-A/V form is produced by juxtaposing the affirmative and
negative forms of predicate 2.

2- 'kf Alternative questions


An alternative question is created when two possible situations, A and B, are connected
by the conjunction "JEJI". The person to whom the question is addressed is expected to

choose one of the alternatives.

Question
Answer
Alternative A Alternative B

Mfe^o (Alternative A)
ftfcS^o (Alternative B)
^M^fe^l^o (Alternative A)
^cte^^o (Alternative B)

3. |6E5&MiS^U(2) Sentences with an optative verb (2).^ gt,jg f

The optative verbs and both express subjective intention and desire. They are

basically the same in meaning. Sometimes emphasizes intent or a demand, while "?H"

places more emphasis on intention or hope. For example

The negative form for both "?H" and (denoting desire) is "^^1".
"MS" is also used to express one's wishes. It means a willingness to do something or

a hope that something will occur according to the wishes of the person denoted by the

subject.

-179-
:

Predicate
Subject
OdV v o
V /V/V
m
^ it

The optative verb "W is also used to express need. Its negative form is "^ffl". For
example

Chinese Charade rs

h tJl^W^SWl (5) Structure of Chinese characters (5)


The enclosure structure (2)

a. Left-bottom-right enclosure

b. Left-bottom enclosure

a &
2. iMsS^JJt^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters

(1) ^ T
yu to give 4 strokes

(2) #
mil mother 5 strokes

dong winter 5 strokes

(4) 4"
ling order 5 strokes

180-
(5) %
ya tooth 4 strokes

(6)
~"
^%
yT clothes 6 strokes

zi self 6 strokes

(8) Jul
fa to send out 5 strokes

(9) i ( * +i)
Zhu host 5 strokes

(io) >T(M) /~
chang factory 2 strokes

3. ikM%%^$b^flL L
Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the
texts

(l) qudnshen
> ^ + 6 strokes

(2) ff\l shufu

# - ^ + #+ -f- 12 strokes

Ml ft + P + x 8 strokes

(meizitou) 2 strokes

(3) # rnei

+ # 7 strokes

^_

-jT" (bingzipdng ) (the "illness" side, denoting disease or ailment.)

f j y 5 strokes

-181-
(4) # teng

0- f~ + 10 strokes

(The "illness" side denotes the meaning, indicates the pronunciation.)

(5) ^-f- sdngzi

^ >U+* + * + *+ y(v 13 strokes

^ jian & & 5 strokes

"
(huozipdng, on the left side of a multi-component character, the fourth stroke in 'X

" '* 4 strokes


is written as a dot. It is called the fire" side.) '
f J

(6) duanlian (#t$t)

4|L 4 + $L 14 strokes

(The meaning side " and the phonetic side "".)


is "f , is

$ + ^ 9 strokes

(7) M- xiang

^jj -> ^ + PJ + *C> 13 strokes

(The meaning part is "'", and the phonetic part is "/fn".)

(8) ^ blng

^ * -jT + 1^ 10 strokes

(The meaning side is and the phonetic side is "i^j".)

(9) shenti (^tt)

^ > >f
'+ ^ 7 strokes

(10) "6 ba
P a + rf, 7 strokes

(The meaning side is "n", and the phonetic side is "/'.)

il

/ (liangdionshui) (the two-drr>ps-of-water" side) * / 2 strokes

(11) ^ leng

^ > / + ^ 7 strokes

-182-
(12) % chuan

9 strokes

(13) #-4 xiOxi

^ -f + 6 strokes

>fc
V
j=J + 10 strokes

(14) guahao
.} + i + 9 strokes

(15) fayan

it * * + 8 strokes

(ydOZltOU) ^ ^ 3 strokes

(the "eminent" top) (Please differentiate from "%".)

(16) $Lfa fashao

10 strokes

(17) gdnmdo
13 strokes

If
> IP? + 9 strokes

(18) zhuyudn

-{JL
>
\ + jL 1 strokes

"
(The meaning side is \ ", and the phonetic side is "_.".)

(19) zhongydo (tH)


_
l5" ^ JH *'+^+ >
\J 9 strokes

(20) yudnyi ()
H ~* + & + >h + ^ 14 strokes

-183-
Cultural Notes

Chinese Herbal Medicine

Chinese herbal medicine is used in traditional Chinese medical practice, which has a

history of thousands of years. According to tradition, a sage-emperor of remote antiquity called

Shennong ("Holy Farmer") experimented with many types of herbs in order to find cures for

his subjects. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine differs from modern Western medicine in that

basically it does not use artificially created chemicals but is extracted directly from natural

substances.

Traditional Chinese remedies can be divided into three categories, according to their

sources. First is medicine from vegetable sources, such as the roots, stems, leaves, and

fruits of plants. Second is medicine from animals, including their organs and secretions such

as bezoar (cow gallstones), snake venom, and deer musk. Third are medicines from mineral

sources, including gypsum and others.

Traditional Chinese medicine can be effective in treating many frequently occurring health

problems like the common cold and fevers. Most doctors agree that side effects from the ma-

jority of herbal medicines are relatively mild. Currently, doctors in China, be they practition-

ers trained in Chinese or Western medicine, are exploring ways to combine the two traditions

for use in treatment as well as prevention therapies.

-184-
Lesson 13

n iAW 7 - 1- M% W Mil
Wo renshi !e yi ge pidoliang de guniang

Text

^:
Song Hud: Ddwei, fingshuo
p
nT de
T
le
If,
gdnmdo,
SL
xidnzdi
#
ni
^
shentl

zenmeydng?

Md Ddwei: Wo qu le yTyudn, chi le hen duo zhongydo. Xidnzdi wo tou

hdi ydudidnr teng.


-185-
Song Huci; NT hdi yinggai duo xiuxi.

Md Ddwei : Song Hud, wd xidng gdosu nT yl jian shir.

Jf- -V: IT ^ ^vL : Vk^^somethingi- .

that has happened


. j

Song Hud; Shenme shir?

Md Ddwei : Wd renshi le yi ge pidoliang de guniang, la yudnyi zud wd

nu pengyou. Women chdngchdng yiqT sdnbu, yiqT kdn

didnying, he kafei, yiqT tTng ylnyue.

Song Hud; Zhuhe


^!
nT! Zhe
il i t |
shi hdo
fTo
shi a.

Ma Ddwei: Xiexie. Shi hdo shi, keshi wd de sushe tdi xido, ta bu neng

chdng Idi wd /her. Wd xidng zhdo yi jian fdngzi.

if & 2B.

Song Hud : NT xidng zu fdngzi?

Md Ddwei: Shi a, wd, xidng zu yi jian you chufdng he cesud de fdngzi,

it k to
fdngzu bu neng tdi gui.

Song Hud :
XTngqiliu wd gen nT yiqT qu zu fang gongsT, hdo ma?

Md Ddwei : Tdi hdo le.

-186-
A

New Words
l=]
i 4tkik niUlininnn
V-J II 1 1

VV tTnn^hi jo LU IJC LU1U

y 1
v
T tin a
Lll iy to listen

3 #
ITT V de to
lu have
nave, to
lu ^cl
p'Pt ^fH
I^JE?;
's
m
1

WTry

vV uuuou 10 leu

j. rp M
IV!
iin n (a measure word) piece ffi Tf^
6 j"L N shir
111 1
mattpr*,
llidtLCl affair*
dllcm ,
thincr
tiling -^t^g. y II
|_i j
4^r-&
|| ^\
^* II
yu

VO
V\J snnbu tr\
LU a d wnllf
tLCUS.C
ci If
WclHV
ci
|
tr
LU wall^
Well IV -Ttr.
/Cf R
mKT 4tt

N bu
N dinnvTnn
y i i i 1 1 i iriuvie 4d 4_j , I P-l 'ii

N Hinn clcCLl icily

N vTnn chan W
aiat
bllcLQU

N 1 W
knffii 1 1

^onj
Ir>n i kp^hi
l\U Ol It JJUL

* 11 N sushe uumiiLuiy -pJ^IH p-i ) niH p


* 12 V zhdo
Z 1 I V_1 v_/ LU look
to for
1UU1V 1U1 ffife^f- t
ffi k y
#15?W
^Xi/J\

N
IN fnnn7J tinner /firfe^P1 y&l&&-- "i-C t^-T-

14 #JL zfl tn rent 0 fe-T ^0^^


M
1V1
J
iinn
1v_4 1 1 ^a nicaburc wuiu 101 looiii, iioubc, etc y |pj jy-j j

16 jibr N chufana kitohen


xviLLyiicJi
-fHllf^fe
|wj yyj

V
17. J J/Vf
f
N CGSUO
N

toilet |i]110r, ^M0r, iclJ^f

18. N fangzD rent (for a house, flat, etc)

19. N gongsT company /j^i] p y^^Vf] , SLBKi^

5; *P fa] ^-f" 4*^ ^ -f , ^ it, 4 /Sit


Ma Dawei: Nd jian fangzi fangzu tdi gui s
n! shuo, wo ymggai zenme ban?

-187-
& # & 41 iabl ^ & #l?
Song Hud: NT xidng zu hdishi bu xidng zu?

Md Ddwei : Dangrdn xiang zu.

Song Hud :
W6 gei Lu Yuping da ge didnhud, rang td Idi bdngzhu

women.

Md Ddwei; Td hen mdng, hui Idi ma?

Song Hud : Td hui Idi.

i^-f- : ^-# fT?



Lu Yuping: Wei, nd yi wei a?

Song Hud :
& A
Wd shi
^, &
Song Hud, wo he Ddwei xidnzdi
4 M
zdi Jidmei
#
Zu Fang
4"

GdngsT.

Lu Yuptng : NTmen zenme zdi ndr?

Song Hud :
Ddwei ydo zu fdngzi.

m-f: % & % Jfrf-I


Lu Yuping : NTmen kdn rnei kdn fdngzi?

Song Hud : Women kdn le yi jidn fdngzi. Nd jian fdngzi hen hdo, keshi

to
fdngzu ydudidnr gui.

Lu Yuping : NTmen zhdo le jTngIT meiydu?


-188-
^ \~ : ^Mn -ft Mo
Song Hu6: Women meiyou zhdo jTnglT.

%. #S it ^ MX, A ^
Lu Yuping : Song Hud, zhe ge gongsT de jlngli shi wo pengyou, wo gen

% it T, T% % 4Mn, 4 ^
td shuo yfxid ,
qlng td bdngzhu nimen, wo xidng keneng

meiyou wenti.

*f fTo Sfc-h 4MH it ft ft t&L


Song Hud Hdo a. Wdnshang women qlng ni he ni pengyou chlfdn.

Lu Yuping : Hdo, nimen zdi gongsi deng wo, zdijidn.

Song Hud :
Zdijidn.

ew Words

l. V hnn to do

2. ^T^fe^ vo da didnhud to make a phone call jfrJBfefT'^fll

N didnhud telephone; phone call ^^Llgj, 'fft fHj % iS


3. it V rang to let; to allow; to make

4. V bangzhu to help

5. Int wei hello ;


hey

6. & M wei (a polite measure word for person)

-ft/Ha, -imm> m-&


7. J3S N jTnglT manager

8. OpV keneng maybe WfflHft&u "TtEftK

9. P^il VO chTfdn to eat (a meal)

N fan meal 4t"B

10. % V deng to wait ^A, ffL ^-T


n. PN Jiamei (name of a house rental agency)

189-
L N ketTng living room

Kht N wdshi
2.

3.

4.
^
#
N
M
shufdng
tdo
bedroom

a study

suite

5. 7Tl$L A fdngbidn convenient

6. ?5 A qiao coincidental

7. A heshi suitable

8. A rexTn enthusiastic

9. V baokuo to include

10. N shuTdidnfei utility

11. #f A xTn new

12. iMi N/VO huixin reply/to reply

i Motes

When the adjectives " ^" and " ^ " are used as attributive modifiers , we must put

adverbs such as
1,;
fS" before them. For example: "^^^M" or "^I^^^fe." , and not

"W" may be left out after "^g".

"She cannot come to my place veiy often."

The objects of the verbs , , PJ ,


^ " and the preposition "^E" are generally words

of place or location; if they are not, then "iSJL" and "3PJL" must be added to them. For

example "*JL" , JL" , "SlJJL" , &JL".


We cannot say or "^E^jfiF".

Generally, ""ft"^" and are used interchangeably.

A declarative sentence can be turned into a question by reading it with the same

intonation as an interrogative sentence.

-190-
:

"I want to rent a house with a kitchen and a bathroom."

We must add "fftf" to a verb or verbal phrase to turn it into an adjective modifier. For

example

(the cake given to her)

4^ 5^ W A (the people who come today)

As has been said previously, the attributive must be placed before the words it modifies.

"What do you think I should do?

"i^ife" (or "#p|f") is used here to solicit the listener's opinion.

IMP
"Hello, who is speaking?
"
[1
[l" is an interjection often used in phone calls as a form of greeting or response. For

example

The measure word "fi" applies to persons only and is a more polite and respectful form
<ly
than the measure word h"- For example;

CD mmrmmd?
"Have you (found and) talked to the manager?

"#0^3" nere means "talk to the manager".

m$ if J it 'f fa *i fa JJjJ
i
& & ts

"We'll invite you and your friend to dinner this evening."

"tfetS" means "to eat (a meal)", "ill *


feiiK" means "to invite someone to dinner (or

lunch)".

-191-
'

Drills and practice


lllllllltUIMIIIMMMIIIMI I l *

I
KEY SENTE NCES
: I M^'Sl^A^I

;
3. ftMT&i^f?

7.

: 9. &&fc-fttft&frMtfr#ijfrf-o

1- ^i^rF^Ji^lifi Master the following phrases

(1) ^rT-rsj^-^iAtxT-^ T^/r> HT-ftP


iT-:& J^T-'M^ ^T+^L^ "7->Mr$. ^T^f
(2) ft& ^ ;fBbfr R&tf iHatiH
_Li&_Hf. 4fc&iJt#t&

(3) it;u i4I|5jl &jwiL#p;i i&apjL


(4) Tft#. Tfife* ^T&$t *TJtfef- ^T&^JS* T^^Tf^#
(5) fl^L ffX# Ut- #fa]^4- stM^
iUi'h&L -MiL - ti^2
/

(6)iM&#i##

2. *JS!#& Pattern drills

(1) ^^i,lf^-^^JL

Wo 3? ^.-f-^jK^

-192-
(2) ^njr&Jr JJl? X Ft

(3) ft 7

(4) 4* ^^fr^**,

(5) m%>&\M\^.

tHift wenhud

(6) "H/^-tefT?

*^#
4^

-193-
3. #iH*J Make up sentences according to the pictures

4^ o 4fe o

4. <s Conversation practice

[fr%i$ Making a phone call]

(1) B : tefT?

A; o

B : Ao ^f^^;L?
A:

(2) B : fltM?
A : ^T^&.^MiLo
B : #,ff-To
C : ^,^ATi7>^o
A : i$tf,j]ik,&&4-Tftfo--fr$)lo

(3) A : ^,^403^^^^?
B : AfT,i?

-194-
o

A: i'h^r^^?
B : *^^
A; ifR,*?^t*fil^?
B : 82305647
A: Mo
[ffi/ir Renting a house]

(1) A : :&&#L-!3J4"^
B :

A : o

B : *?,&^-&*jM-^
(2) A:

B : ,

A: &4r\&k-&freltfc*i-& Jf-o
B : JM^^?
A : ^"f 7L

B : &^(baokuo)7jc^f (shuTdidnfei)^?
A; ^&te
B : T^ T /i" "-3; ?

A : ^^T^o

[ TIE >J< 53 "ti^ Asking for suggeslions]

(1) A : W . Q o

B : o

A : JL ?

B: o

(2) A : ^^JfMt^-^^fJLo
B : fl-&$JL?
A :
ej ,^Afc^it&^fa-^%L&o mt,AM

B: o

-195-
M \\\
'

n i ia ilaliun !

(1) A: MiU^St)^?
B : ^ o

A : ^Mif^
B : o

(2) A : fajL^ft
B : o

A : ikft&^^Hm
B :

5. CoDainuiiication exercisee

( 1 ) Make a phone call from the university dormitory to a friend of yours to tell him/her
something that has happened recently in your life or studies.

(2) Your mother and father are coming to China to see you, and you want to rent a house

for them. Your request to the rental company is for a large house with a kitchen and
a bathroom. Your parents want to live in it for one week.

(3) Thanksgiving Day(^jliiji" , Gon'en J io ) is coming and you are inviting a few good
friends to dinner. Some of them can come and some cannot.

(4) You are buying things to make Thanksgiving dinner in a super market. How would you
ask the salesperson for help?

-196-
Sing a song.

Kangding Qfngge

m ^ mm Lil - * mm
Paoma liuliu de shdn shdng yi duo liuliu de yun yo
^ M mm A M A * mm W *f ^
LTjia liuliu de ddjie rencai liuliu de hdo yo
- * A * *? m
Yi Idi liuliu de kdn shdng rencai liuliu de hdo yo
it m mm T \i m mm
Shijian liuliu de nuzi ren wo liuliu de di yo

Sffi
Dudndudn
MM de zhdo

zdi Kangding de cheng yo
M
liuliu liuliu

& ^ mm W A W
Zhangjid liuliu de ddge kdnshdng liuliu de td yo
-* JBJB ^ *
Er Idi liuliu de kdn shdng hui dang liuliu de jia yo
ttt re] mm W H T ft ^ mm
Shijian liuliu de ndnzT ren ni liuliu de qiu yo

M 55 Jae isfe m
Yueliang wan wan Kangding liGliude cheng yo
* mm to m m
Yueliang wan wan kdn shdng HGIiGde tct yo

Yueliang wan wan hui dang liGliude jid yo


a fa mm * ^
Yueliang wan wan ren ni liGliude qiu yo

-197-
US* l^ii^OSli^ Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

#^(qTn'di, dear) 6$ 'b&^f- :

4UlMl(xiang, miss)#

^4l#f7 o

$L$---&-r7 ,^n^rT-|H"]4"f,4-f-

R 4&3Mn>& ^ & & 4*5 o ( qiao) , % *l ft f&m-ftfjffl

^^^#(hufxln)

12^] 10 EI

I
* * I

-198-
Grammar

1. $}WT"(l) The Particle "T"(l)


The particle "
T " can be used after a verb to indicate realization or completion of an

action. For example:

^Til/MMI? Compare-. ^Jl/h^H?


(How many apples have you bought? ) (How many apples are you going to buy?

How many apples will you buy? )

(I have bought five apples.) (I'm going to buy five apples.

I will buy five apples.)

If the verb with a "


f" takes an object, this object usually has an attributive, which,

in many cases, is a numeral-measure word, an adjective, or a pronoun.

V + r + Nu M / A /Pr +

Predicate
Subject
Verb r t Nu-M / Pr / A Object

mn T -IB]
r MM Mo
iAiR r
T
$ 7 mm*
T
a 7 mm
If the object does not have an attributive (eg: "ffe5?T^JI" or B ") , other

elements are needed in the predicate to fonn a complete sentence. For example;

The negative form of this kind of sentence is made by placing "fjj" or "'?3c^f " before

the verb and dropping "/*" after the verb.

ta^r + v o

Note: One can never use "sfi-" to negate this kind of sentence.

The V/A-not-V/A form is "V+ffi(^)+V" or "V+7?W".


V + &(*)V +

-199-
: : : :

v + j + o +

Note: indicates only the stage of the realization or completion of an action, but

not the time at which this action occurs (which may be in the past, present, or future). In

this kind of sentence the action, in many cases, has already happened. It is also possible,

though , that the completion of the action will occur in the future. For example

(Tomorrow afternoon I'll have supper after I have bought the notebooks.)
Not all past actions need the particle "T". If an action occurs frequently or a sentence
describes an action in the past but does not emphasize the completion of the action ,
"
T" is

not used. For example

il^(gu6qu, in the pastMtfc1j?#^=K


^^(qunian, last year)^^E||7(t^^^r>J||7^

% ^feifi^ Pivotal sentences


The pivotal sentence is also a sentence with a verbal predicate. Its predicate is

composed of two verbal phrases. The object of the first verb is simultaneously the subject of

the second verb. The first verb in a pivotal sentence should be a verb with a meaning of

"making" or "ordering" somebody to do something, such as "ijf" or "i_h".

Both " and " have the meaning of requiring others do something. "
ijf " ih " to flf " is

used in a formal situation and sounds polite, "iff" also has the meaning of "to invite". For

example

gfe m in if ^ mm % m&
Predicate
Subject
Verb 1 Object 1 (Subject 2) Verb 2 Object 2

ih
'

it
mm ^ih Ml

u
3- ttJK3&il!*a(3) Sentences with an optative verb (3)i nfffi",
The optative verb "tfjjtb" expresses possibility. Besides expressing ability, is also

used to express possibility. For example

-200-
A. H Chinese Characters

L l^tlS^fe Consulting a Chinese dictionary using radicals


Many Chinese character dictionaries are organized according to the order of the

characters' "radicals". Radicals are common components, located on the top, bottom, left,

right, or outer part of characters, which usually indicate the class of meaning to which a
w
character belongs. For example, "W\ "W\ "W\ "tt", and "j are
a
grouped under the radical ^C", which is the common component on the left side of these

characters. However, "M" , "S", "Si", "f^", and "S " are grouped under the radical

"'f, which is the common component at the bottom of these characters.

In the radical index of a dictionary, radicals are listed in order according to the

number of their strokes. In the index of entries, characters of the same radical are arranged

in groups according to the number of their strokes exceeding those of the radical.

Therefore, after determining the radical of a character, you should count the number of

strokes in the radical and consult the radical index to obtain the page number where the
radical entry can be found in the index of entries. Then, count the number of strokes in the

character excluding the radical and consult the corresponding group to find the character and

its page number in the dictionary. For example, the character "fit" will be found under the
" " and containing characters with 9 strokes more than those of the
^ radical in the section

radical.

2. i^^S^tSt^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters

(0
go ancient 5 strokes

(2)

lidng good 7 strokes

(3)

chi scold 5 strokes

(4)

shi matter 8 strokes

v
(5)

bu step 7 strokes
i

(The ancient character depicts two feet walking.)

-201-
(6) Tfe('C) (# + L )

didn electricity 5 strokes

(The ancient character depicts lightning.)

(7) f ( * +f)
hu door 4 strokes
(The ancient character looks like a door with a single leaf.)

(8) 7j (

fang square 4 strokes

^ r*
(9) _3-
d6u bean 7 strokes

(The ancient character looks like a long-stemmed wine cup.)

(10) ft^) 1 ft ft ft-


ban to do 4 strokes

(id %
zhu bamboo 6 strokes
(The ancient character resembles bamboo leaves.)

(12)

fan reverse 4 strokes

3. iA^W^^MtSt^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in


the texts

(l) -kt-kfi guniang

* ~k + ~$2 8 strokes

(The meaning side is "i and the phonetic side is """.)

* + |L 10 strokes
("-4 " suggests that the character is connected with females.)

(2) *JTiH tlngshuo (Urn)


7 strokes

- 202 -

(3) # de

-f-^- + EJ + - 1

+ 11 strokes

(4) -# gdosu (^#)


-^T ^ + U 7 strokes

(The meaning side is "".)

~\ + 7 strokes

(The meaning side is "


\ ". Note how it differs from "/}"")

(5) -ft jidn

'ft" ~* ^ + ^~ 6 strokes

(6) sdnbu

-f^L + jC. 12 strokes

(7) didnylng

+ 7^" + ^ 15 strokes

(8) kafei

vJjV
a + + a 8 strokes

^ -> n + ^ 11 strokes

(The meaning side is "o", and the phonetic side is ".)

(9) sushe

-?W ^ + + "If 11 strokes

("^" denotes a house, """"


shows a mat, and "
-f
"
suggests a person.)

^ ^ + # 8 strokes

" "
d eno t es a shelter and indicates the pronunciation.)

(10) fdngzi

/* + 7) 8 strokes

(The meaning is suggested by "f" , and the pronunciation is shown by


(11) 3B. zu

?fa.
- ^ + jl 10 strokes

(12) chufdng
* 7~"
12 strokes

(13) Mfft cesuo (isj^r)

m r + 'J
8 strokes

4- 8 strokes

(14) gongsi

& /V + A 4 strokes

(15) j(t da

$1 * t + T 5 strokes

(16) didnhud

*^ H~ 8 strokes

(Speaking is related to the tongue.)

(17) it rang (if)

it -> i + Ji 5 strokes

(18) f |A bangzhu

^ + ij7 9 strokes

("^p" denotes the pronunciation.)

$fi ~+ & + 7 strokes

r r >^ 4 : i
'-m!.

(19) wei

T^- 12 strokes

204 -
(20) <& wei
> \ + SL 7 strokes

5 strokes

(21) i&m. jmglT (if)


8 strokes

j + . 1 1 strokes

("J_" indicates the pronunciation.)

(zhtizitOU ) (The vertical stroke and the vertical stroke with a hook in "ft" both

written as a dot, when this character is the top of a multi-component character.)

6 strokes

(22) deng

+ i + t 12 strokes

ki (shizipdng) ; h $ 3 strokes

(23) "fete chTfdn (*i*fL)

+ it 7 strokes

Cultural Notes

The Student Dormitory

One of the special features of Chinese universities is that student dormitories are usually

integrated into the university campus. Unlike most Western universities, where dormitories
usually do not meet the housing needs of all students, in China there is usually a residential

area on campus where many staff and faculty live, and several large dormitories where it is

mandatory for students to live.

Many students find living in dormitories convenient. Since the buildings are on campus

and close to classrooms and research facilities, students may go to class and libraries on foot

and save the time required to commute from off campus. Moreover, living in dormitories is

convenient for socializing, exchanging ideas, and interactive learning.

However, some students find sharing a room with others inconvenient at times. For

instance, a dormitory room cannot possibly provide the privacy needed for a date. In this

lesson, Ma Dawei is eager to move out of the dormitory in order to gain some private space.

-205-
You have reached the last lesson in this volume! By the end
of the lesson, you wall know how to 1) make complaints and
apologies; 2) send regards on someone else's behalf; 3) ask how a

friend is getting along and 4) express greetings at festival times.

This lesson also includes a summary and review of the major

grammatical points covered in the previous lessons. With this

review you will be able to see how many Chinese sentence patterns

you have mastered, and evaluate your own progress. Congratulations

on your achievements so far!

^i-GSlf Lesson 14 (H*) Review)

U
Zhu Shengcldn kudile

- UK Text

Sq -t^ + A -f , ft im & ft 7 ->h


Ma Ddwei; Libo, shdngwu shi didn ban, nT mama gel nl da le yi ge

kfto A * ft * A it #
didnhud. Wo gdosu ta nT bu zdi. VV6 rang ta zhongwu zdi

&ft 4lo
gei nT da.

Ding Libo: Xiexie. Wo gdngcni qu youju gei wd mama ji le didnr ddngxi

A 4^ T ^ ft 14 fcAkk % Tc
Ddwei, wd jTntian ddsdo le sushe, nT de zang yTfu tdi duo le.

% ^i^^ft^oit m $L & & ? , & &


Ma Ddwei: Bu hdoyisi. Zhd lidng tidn wd tdi mdng le wd xidng

xlngqniu yiqT xl

-206-
2* *Jfr: 15. , % ft, # $L m fT, T if f
MdDdweh Wei, ni hdo, ni' zhdo shei? A, Ding Libo zdi, qing deng

yixia. Libo, ni mama de didnbud.

r jjtiL:
Ding Libo :

Xiexie. Mama,
%m
ni hao!

T *r : Jl$L fo ft *-%?
t

Ding Yun : Libo, ni hao ma?

T JltfL: & fto # If


Ding Libo; Wo hen hao. NT he bdba shenti zenmeydng?

T
DTng Yuri:
I
Wo
Iff
shenti hen hao,
^, tf>

ni
^
bdba ye hen
m
hao. Women gdngzud

ddu hen mdng. NT wdipd shenti hao ma?

T Jl'A; it |f m ifo *t ^ I*] mi ft


DTng LI bo : Td shenti hen hao. Td rang wo wen nlmen hdo.

T "5* : ft * # ^

DTng Yun Women ye wen td hdo, Ni gege didi zenmeydng?

^
: N

t tiyji: mi m -f-f- t#
DTng Libo : Tdmen ye ddu hen hdo. Gege xidnzdi zdi yi ge zhdngxue

ddgdng , didi zdi ndnfang iCxfng. Women ddu hen xidng

nimen.

DTng Yun :
Women ye xidng nimen. Ni xidnzdi zenmeydng? NT zhu de

sushe dd bu da? Zhu jT ge ren?

T # ft ^ A - Ho & ^ -
DTng Libd :
Women liuxuesheng Idu lidng ge ren zhu yi jidn. Wo gen yi
ge Meigud ren zhu, to de Zhongwen mingzi jiao Ma Ddwei.

Ding Yun : Ta ye xuexi Hdnyu ma?

DTng Libo : Dui, td ye xuexi Hdnyu. Wo hdi you hen duo Zhdnggud

mx, mi ft & &


pengyou, tdmen chdngchdng bdngzhu wo nidn shengci, fuxi

^ ft n mi
kewen, lidnxi kouyu. W6 hdi chdngchdng wen tdmen yufd

wentf, tdmen dou shi wo de hdo pengyou.


T ^: it i7^, 4^ ft ^ t it
DTng Yun Zhe hen hdo. Libd, jTnnidn nl ydo zai Zhonggud gud

^^
:

4 f * , j& ^ 4 i ft

Shengddn die , bu neng hui jid, wo he nT bdba ydo song nT

yf jidn Shengddn ITwu.

T jftjfc: m% Wo A & mi f T SrM Ih^o


DTng Libd : Xiexie nimen. Wo ye gei nimen ji le Shengddn ITwu.

DTng Yun : Shi ma? Shengddn Jie wd he nT bdba xidng qu Ouzhdu

o ft ft * ^ * m^.
Iiixing. NT ne? NT qu bu qu luxing?

DTng Libd: Wd ydo qu Shanghai luxing.


r^l^BuM]
T Jl> ^ 3^*o ^ft^lMf -^^ |
^Extending holiday
greetings
Ding Yun : Shanghai hen pidoliang. Zhu ni luxing kudile.

T Jltjl: mih 4 %L 4ft JrM tfe$J


DTng LibO: Xiexie. Wo ye zhu nT he bdba Shengddn kudile!

-208-
v Words

i.
tt N zhdngwu noon 4^**F, m^:*^, M93-*^F
2. nit Adv gangcai just now

3. N youju post office

V you to post; to mail

N ju office ; bureau

4. 4f V ji to post, to mail flHJ , If*


5. 4t? V dasao to clean TOJyT TW#
V sao to sweep

6. |4 A zang dirty jffiM


7. & IE bu haoyisi to feel embarrassed ^tfrMfd&,

8. & V XI
V
to wash sycii, t^; f

*9. ^Ml- N wdipo grandmother on the mother's side

10. N zhongxue middle school ,


^^'^
ii. V ddgong to have a part-time job ^E^^tTX,
12. i^J^T N ndnfang south 4i@s^r, *lt^r
13. ^# V luxing to travel *|fefl ^ft^jRjT,
*14. ^g. V xidng to miss; to remember with longing fMWfW} , fMM
15. N liUXUGShGPig student studying abroad; international student

^as, frntsmiL, m&*kfe$


16. #. V zhu to live; to stay

17. # N \6u building A^, Hfft,

18. *f A dui right correct


, ^
19. & V nidn to read

20. N shengci new word ^^iw] , fc&Wl

A sheng new

N CI word

21. .1^ V fuxf to review jS^K,


22. ijjlx N kewen text ^tmc, m^mx, mw^c
23. ^ V/N lidnxi to practice/exercise >J ,

V lidn to practice
24. ni# N kouyu spoken language ^^Pig, IfcPin

25. N yufa grammar ^'>!ife, |S$f&

26. it V guo to spend (time); to celebrate (a birthday, a holiday)

27. ^ N jie festival

*28. #L4fe N ITwu present; gift -rt4Ltj , 1BfL,

29. PN Shengddn Christmas 5:Mti

30. Efo>l| PN OuzhOU Europe

*31. _L)3r PN Shanghai Shanghai

Si tpplemenlary Words

1. #s v zhengli to put in order; to arrange; to sort out

2. &7f.& N didnshi TV

3. #L A ludn in disorder; in a mess

4. EKt N riji diary

5. Hfr A qing sunny

6. N bdogud parcel

N JTngxT pleasant surprise

8. N Shengddn laoren Santa Claus

N Yudnddn New Year's Day

10. N ,
Chun Jie the Spring Festival

11. &J8i*p N Gdn'en Jie Thanksgiving Day

12. ^>^l? N Fuhuo Jie Easter

=. sm
(I; ^m ;

,iu
meant
">F#?ScS" originally "to feel shy", or "to find it embarrassing to do something"
For example;

wtsiii msii wtsfe


- 210,-
^ :

At present, this phrase is often used to express apology. For example:

iiltlfS.WfflSo

"I've been very busy during the last few days. I want to wash them all on Saturday."

means "during the last few days".

"She asks me to give her greetings to you."

"|p] ... + Pr/NP + If" is a construction used to convey greetings. For example;

{"tkrM^#?o (He asked me to send you his greetings.)

(Sciff^)^^^? o (I would like to ask you to send him my greetings.)

"Is the dormitory you live in big?

When the subject-verb phrase is used as an attributive, must be placed between

the attributive and the head word it modifies. For example

mr\ m n A*t- m
"Two students live in a dormitory in our international student building."

.
i%^B-!=jyzF% Drills and practice

KEY SENTENCES

3. ^in4f7# ^# :

5. itAttf)$&&$Xl
6. iMfcln&mkfc !

-211-
o

1- %foWT: Mffl%L Master the following phrases

(1) *Mt> ^sii *M#l$, i^^t^


*^MtT-^&^ ^d^^T-^L^ ^^i&T-fr^JL

(2) i&(bidn)

(3) m4r&$rJr mt mt&f&m-ft


m^-ki^Mj m t titer mt%i^%- mt^i^M
(4) l&jsHW >bl3--ft fY&WT

(6) %L%%-Q <\k fofafaftfcfc tilifr&mkfc #tHfcx#'tfe&

2. ^SS^^ Pattern drills

(l) m j> Tjijkjb ^ 7 -^&#

(2) ^;U47o 14
M(zhengli)
$-4- 14

(3) ^,&4T4MW

(4) ^ilT^NHf^?

^r^^L(didnshi)

-212-
(5) ^&&#?

(6) 4^#^JLiM_f ?

3. ^j$)$H Complete the following conversation


A : W'J^f^JW^&To

A: 4fcJW^MF-*.?

B: o

A; ft^*|5jLi#?
B : o

A; jA^^iLnA?
B : o

4. Conversation practice

[M/iS-^i&ifc Making a complaint or an apology]

(1) A:4fc* T4*#&(bifi0, watch ),JJM/L,&?

(2) A : ^1.*^.,
B : #&*&&S(zhengli)-T^#^?
A; ^ttSo &#L ,&^&4^
B : ^#fr^9t^#a?
[ ? iii N ftxi Passing on someone's regards]

(1) A: ft

B : &
A; IMl a

B : tf^^^-f-
A : . .o

B; ^fllM^o
A : #it tefll&N^Wo
(2) A : m-f X#{i^-hr?
B : & ,# p^?
A : #3 *H,-<JL#. 'fcc

B : -ft Jifl

A : ftffo d&it&ft'lWo
B : iM o

[ "P l-lDiM Extending holiday greetings]

(1) A : 4^Atl ^(Yudndan


B; o

A: ^.t-ftlLtomto
B : fT,A : o

(2) A; "fc.-Sp te'fr?


B : o

A; A fT!

B: o s,4MM>Mfc.
A: Q t^iBAHf^.?
B : 93U^4Bo
A; A^Li^i- EI 'fefto
-214-
[^'iX-ViMW Suggestions and invitations]

(1) A : m^^^n^i
A : 4^ni^*(y6uy6ng),^^?
B : *f 7 ! JLAir?
A: o

(2) A : J^iW^fc?
B : ^iL'^o fl"&^JL?
A: 4^n^^^^,#4fe^^^?
B; ^Mfe*:(bdoqidn) ?

5- Conmninication exercises
( 1 ) Your new roommate moved in yesterday. Today you returned to the dormitory to find

everything in a mess, including the kitchen and the bathroom. While you are com-

plaining, your roommate apologizes over and over.

(2) You come across an old classmate whom you haven't seen for a long time. You ask
how he/she is doing, and then ask him/her to give your regards to his/her family.

(3) On Christmas Eve, you and your friends are extending holiday greetings and wishes to

one another. One of them mentions that it is his/her eighteenth birthday, so everyone

wishes him/her a happy birthday.

r~1 X2-

-215-
) ,

B3- iSRIijSlSlii Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing

12^ 18 Bf(qmg)

TllUMfo it^f &(dl yT CI, the first time^t^it


Wf ^UHM^ ^-^-Ji/'f^f
o o 5JL^ t ^^-^(nidnqTng, young)A

&tt$-&it&i&1i o & ^ ^%^t&i&%M\aoren, old man) i^&&

t^NMWflieddo, to receive) T^^^t^o $.&i^o

tfj-ftm&Zi o ^ gt;>i-] &m&mmT\}t & Q

ia?i Grammar

1- P9#Cl^ >
fej
: 1
f Four kinds of simple sentences

Simple Chinese sentences can be divided into four kinds according to the elements,

which comprise the main part of their predicates.

7
( 1 7$J [ii] in i'! b] Sentences \v i lit a v erba I pied catei

The majority of Chinese sentences have a verbal predicate and are relatively complex.

Several types have already been studied and more examples will be introduced in later

lessons. For example;

-216-
:

(2) }\i fn< ]

\ il-'j ff i
/n i Sentences with an adjectival predicate

In a sentence with an adjectival predicate "Jk" is not needed. For example:

(3) ^injiPfi^'bj Sentences with a nominal predicate

In a sentence with a nominal predicate, nouns, noun phrases, or numeral-measure

words function directly as the main elements of the predicate, which especially describe age

or price. In spoken language, it is also used to express time, birthplace, and so on. For

example

(4) ii IW in'^J Sentences with a subjecL-predicale phrase as predicate

In a sentence with a subject-predicate phrase as predicate, the thing denoted by the

subject of the subject-predicate phrase is usually a part of the thing denoted by the subject

of the whole sentence. The subject-predicate phrase describes or explains the subject of the

whole sentence. For example:

2. A#iif5J^rfe Six question types

(1) Jlj"f^" JJ['N Questions with


:

'W
This is the most commonly used type of question. The person who asks this kind of

question has some idea concerning the answer. For example;

-217-
(2) lEBLMHM V/A-not-V/A question

This type of question is also frequently used. The person who asks this kind of question

has no idea concerning the answer. For example:

/
(3) JfJMf ^l f^t l
/
||
jl^jf^l ' ,
j Questions with an interrogative pronoun

By using "if", "fl**", "SPJL", and "A", this

type of question specifically asks who, what, which, where, how, how about, or how many.

For example;

ftfilA?

(4) J|J"ijj!;"u < Jj.4J'1 fnj'lij Allcrnalive questions with "ifjA"

There are two (or more) possibilities in this type of question for the person addressed

to choose from. For example;

(5) nrM-mr(m u &^ter, u &mrssvmrwm Tag questions with "kwir,


"
"J^F&? ", "i^? " or "unUPSj?

Questions with " or "rTW^? " are usually used to ask someone's opinion

concerning the suggestion put forward in the first part of the sentence. Questions with "Je^F

" " made


>&? or "J!^? are usually used to confirm the judgement in the first part of the

sentence. For example:

ln
(6) ffl' JB''^i^AN^ Elliptical questions with the question particle

The meaning of this type of question is usually illustrated clearly by the previous

sentence. For example:

- 218 -
A- Chinese Characters

1. W Jf^^Sfc Consulting a Chinese dictionary arranged by pinyin alphabetic


order
In many Chinese dictionaries the entries are arranged alphabetically according to Chinese

Phonetics (Hanyu pinyin). Characters with the same pinyin spelling are put under the same
entry and then sub-divided according to their tones. Characters in the same tone group are

arranged in order, according to their number of strokes. When the pronunciation of a

character is known, characters are easy to find in this type of dictionary.

2. iA^SI^iSt^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters

(1) -ft
cdi just 3 strokes

(2) & 1

you by 5 strokes

(3) j '} '}) >}Y >)>)]

Zhou state 6 strokes

("J]]" is a drawing of a river and the three dots \" show its islets.)

3. i^^^lJC^^Sl^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the


texts

X^(jidnzhTpdng) (thr "construi/iion" side) 3 5^ 2 strokes

(1) 3rM Shengddn ()

3r > X, + i 5 strokes

M^ i + + X- 9 strokes

(2) W)t gcingcdi (nUk)

W] -+ J><] + ]

l 6 strokes

(The pronunciation is indicated by "!*]".)

(3) &$Jj youju (^Mj)


-> $J + 7 strokes
P
(The pronunciation is shown by "&".)
-219-
)

7 strokes

(4) f- ji

3- -> + * + *r 11 strokes

(5) jjte ddsao Ur#)


6 strokes

(The meaning is indicated by " -} ".

(6) M. zang (#)

10 strokes

(7) & XT

9 strokes

(8) wdipo

*- ^ + * 1 1 strokes

(The meaning is suggested by "".)

5 strokes

(9) p&55r ndnfang

* +
+ n + * 9 strokes

(tuzibian) (the "travel" side) f 4 strokes

"J" chu *
T '

3 strokes

(10) iMf luxfng

10 strokes

6 strokes

^ * 3 strokes
(liuzijiao) (the "keeping" comer)

(11) # liuxuesheng

10 strokes

- 220 -
)

(12) & nidn (<&)

4- + ,C> 8 strokes

(13) shengci

is\ i + ^ 7 strokes

(The meaning side "


is i ".)

(14) 3 fUXI ()
9 strokes

(15) 2&>J lidnxf (,#-f

R + * 8 strokes

(16) yufa

8 strokes

(17) jie (if)

+ T 5 strokes

4 (niuzipdng) (lh^ "o\" side) (On llie left, side of a multi-component character

is written as ".)
;
^ ^ 4 4 strokes

(18) ITwu

/f Li
~~
* >f + L 5 strokes

$7 4 + i$ 8 strokes

(The pronunciation is indicated by "it}".)

(19) Etii+l Ouzhou (ifc^l)

It > E + 8 strokes

y}}]
f 4. ^| 9 strokes

(The meaning side is


" and the phonetic side is The character
> "jl'H".

means an islet in a river or a continent in the ocean.)

(20) Shanghai
->
10 strokes
. ,

Cultural Notes

Beijing, Shanghai, the Changjiang River, the Huanghe River,

and the Great Wall

Beijing is the capital of the People's Republic of China as well as its chief cultural,

political , and economic centre. As the capital city for much of the last eight hundred years

Beijing is rich in historic sites, including the Forbidden City (Palace Museum), the Sum-

mer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven. Modern Beijing is fast becoming a cosmopolitan city

as its economy continues to develop.

Shanghai is China's biggest city in terms of population and its largest industrial centre.

The Changjiang, literally, the "Long River", is commonly known as the Yangtze River

in English. It is the longest river in China and one of the longest in the world. From its o-

rigin in western China, it stretches 6,300 kilometres to where it enters the East China Sea

near Shanghai on the east coast.

The Huanghe, or literally "Yellow River", is the second longest river in China, flowing

a total of 5,467 kilometres. The Huanghe River valley is considered by many to be the cra-

dle of ancient Chinese civilization.

Construction of the Great Wall began more than 2,200 years ago. It ranks among the

seven architectural wonders of the ancient world and is the only cultural artifact on the

earth visible from outer space with the naked eye. The present Great Wall extends more

than 2,500 kilometres, but there are actually over six thousand kilometres of walls, since

there are numerous stretches where several walls run parallel to each other. Six thousand

kilometres are more than twelve thousand li, so the Great Wall is often referred to as the

wanli change heng or the "Long Wall of Ten Thousand Li"

-222-
Map of China

-223-
|Jft 5< Appendices
in >i ^ in HI KS Jf jt SJ*L Abbreviations for Grammar Terms

Abbreviations for Grammar Terms

Abbreviation Grammar Terms Grammar Terms Grammar Terms


in English in Chinese in Pinyin

A Adjective xfngrdngcf

Adv Adverb MM fucf

AsPt Aspect Particle ddngtdi zhucf

Conj Conjunction lidncf

IE Idiom Expression xfgudn ybngyu

Int Interjection tdncf

M Measure Word mi*) lidngci

MdPt Modal Particle yuqi zhucf

N Noun mingci

NP Noun Phrase mfngcf cfzu

Nu Numerals shucf

Object bTnyu

Ono Onomatopoeia xidngshengcf


OpV Optative Verb t&JIsSisI nengyudn ddngci
Pt Particle zhuci

PN Proper Noun zhudnydu mingci


Pr Pronoun ddicf

Pref Prefix citdu

Prep Preposition jiecf

PW Place Word ft^i^ dididncf

QPt Question Particle yfwen zhuci


QPr Question Pronoun yfwen ddicf
s Subject zhuyu
StPt Structural Particle S^Sii*] jiegdu zhuci

Suf Suffix cfwei

TW Time Word H*|B]i5l shijiancf

V Verb ddngcf
VC Verb plus Complement ddngbushi ddngcf
VO Verb plus Object ddngblnshi ddngci
VP Verbal Phrase ddngci cfzu

- 224 -
Vocabulary Index
(Simplified Script with Traditional Version)

m& m ^

fT (Int) a ah, oh 7

PC (MdPt) ba (modal particle) 12

(N) bdba dad 2/


(Nu) bai hundred 8

(IE) bdibdi bye-bye ( transliteration) 11

m (V) ban to do 13

(Nu) ban half 11

%&> (V) bdngzhu to help 13

ft (N) bdo newspaper 10

(V/A) bdoqidn to feel sorry/ sorry 6

(PN) Beijing Beijing 9

(PN) Beibei (name of a dog) 8

(N) benzi notebook 10

(M) bidn number of times (of action) 6

(Adv) bu not; no 2

(IE) bu hdoyisi to feel embarrassed 14

(Adv) buydng need not 5

C
(V) cdnjid to participate; to attend 9

$rJf (N) canting dining room 5

(N) cesud toilet 13

(M) ceng story; floor 5

(V) chd to be short of, lack 11

ft (Adv) chdngchdng often 10

f (Adv) chdng often 10


; ) 1
1 11

unen ( a surname) 1
5 ,
1
1

v v or 11 to eat Q

(
^
vc\}
vu; U( III Ul 1 to eat ^ a meai j

i (v) chusheng to be born 9

(N) chufdng kitchen 13

(V) chudn to wear 12

D
4-r Hr* v cju uiunnuci to make a phone call 1^
1.3
\

V v )
r\
(jugong t~\ r~\
to have a part-time job 1 A

(\I c\\
IV Uj dagiu to play ball 1 1

-t-r 4~?
\ v j UUoUU to clean 1 A
O
(A) da big, large

(N) dangao cake 9

(A) ddngrdn as it should be; only natural 8

that

/"A/A
ddo to arrive 1

# (V) de to have, to get 13

(PL) de ( a possessive or modifying 4


particle

v utiny to wait ^
Id
1
\ )

HiHi younger brother Z


k in ; ,

1
Ma \ ) un ; U IUI IV, Zl 1LM iy J clock 1
1

% x& UN ; /\
Qiannuo
I 1 1

telephone ; phone call

(N) didnying movie 13

T (PN) Ding (a surname) 2

(PN) Ding Libd ( name of a Canadian stu- 7

dent)
/'i\rV rA /~\ )T\ \/ 1
UN; aongxi 1

things; objects 1

\ Adv; dou both; an 2,3

\ v Quaniian to do physical exercise 1Z


-#4- f A \ A
l a; dul right , correct 1
14

^4- ~7~ jt?


XT 4^ ^ f TT? \
Urv auiDuqi
T
1

m sorry ^ 1 r\

in Ai Q
uuu
/-J
uu
1

how old

( Adv) dud how 9

(QPr) duoshao how many, how much 8

(A) duo many, much 8

- 226 -
1 1 )

E
(Nu) er two 5

(V0) fdshao to have a fever 12

(V) faydn to become inflamed 12

(N) fdngzi house 13

(N) fnnri7f] T'f^nt" ( for nmiQP flat f*tr* )


X .J

(M) fen minute 11

(M) fen(qidn) ( measure word of Chinese 10

monetary unit, equal to 1/


100 & V rpnt
(V) fuxf to review 14

G
(V/N) gdnmdo to have a cold/cold 12

(Adv) gangcdi just now 14

(A) gdoxing happy; pleased 4,

t? rf y v/ (V) qdosu to tell 13

8-8- (N) qeqe elder brother 2

1
1
1
(M) qe ( a measure word for general 8

use)

(V) gei to give 10

(Prep) gei to; for 12

(Prep/V) gen with/ to follow 10

(V/N) gongzud to work/ work 8

(N) gdngsT company 13

#] (N). qou dog 8

(N) qunianq girl 13

(V) gudhdo to register ( at a hospital, 12

etc .

(N) guangpdn CD 10

n (A) L]UI CAUcIlbivc , JJICLlUUa 10

(IE) gui xing what ' s your honorable sur- 4

name?

m (N) gud country , nation 3

it it (V) gud to spend (time) ; to celebrate 14

(a birthday, a holiday)
; ) , 1

H
f
\ A
Adv)
V /
LI hni i n
111 prlrli ti An
dULllLlUIl 8 1

1 53- -nT ( Coni ) hdishi or 12

PP (N) Hnnvu
ikj yi i i lj Pmnptif ( 1 ft n en f\ crp ) 4

(N) Hdnzi Chinese character 11

(A) hdo f>"oon


wpII : finp : K 1 ,5

V (N) hdo number

(V) he to drink 2,9

( Conj he and 8

(Adv) hen veiy 1,7


-it -tc: /,_. -+4- -t*-
t.
x Ij ^ >Sj (N) hong putaojiu red wine 9

(V) hui to return 11

J U ( OPr) now mflnv how miiPn 8

(N) jizhe reporter 4


f v'N 1 /i
^ v ji to post , to mail 14

(PN) Jidnddd Canada 4,7

(N) jid family, home 8

(PN) Jiamei ( name of a house rental agen- 13

cy)

(M) jian V a measure word ior room 13

house, etc)

IT (M) iidn

1 (V)
\ v / iidn 4

(V) iidn 1 1

(N) iidoshdu nrnfpQ<;nv 7

r (N) iie V^O UVUl


iP^tl
J. VfK 1
14

-iff -4FI (N) jiejie PlflPt*


1 V.l 'sl^tPl"
OlOlvl
.1. 8

(V) jieshdo to introduce 1

UN J jmnian this year 9

(N) nian year

(N) jTntidn today 6,9

(M) Jin ( measure word of weight, 10

equal to 500g)
(V) jin to enter 5

(VC) jinlai to come in 4

- 228 -
) 11

(N) jTngju Beijing opera 6

MS (N) jlnglT manager 13

(N) juhui get-together; party 9

K
(N) kofei poffpp 2

J7TJ -7^ (vo) kctixue to start school 7

(V) kdn to watch , to look at 7

(VO) kdnbing to see a doctor 12

(N) kaoyd roast duck 9

(A) ke' di lovely , cute 8

(OpV) keneng maybe 13

( Coni keshi but 13

(OdV) key! may 4

(M) ke quarter ( of an hour) 11

(N) ke class ; lesson 9

(N) kewen text 14

(Adv) kongpd to be afraid that; perhaps 6

a (M) kdu { a measure word mainly lor 8

the number oi people in a

family)

(N) kduyu spoken language 14

(M) kuai(qian) (measure word of basic Chi- 10

nese monetary unit, equal to

10 4.); dollar

ft * (A) kudile happy 9

L
(V) Idi to come 4

(N) . IdoshT teacher 3

(A) leng cold 12

1
ITwu gift ; present 1

( DM \ 1ikn
Lido name oi a Canadian stu- 1
V

ueni )

(V/N) lidnxf to practice/ exercise 14


o
lidng two

T (Pt) le ( modal partical/aspect parti- 5,'

cal)

(PN) Lidng Zhu ( name of a Chinese violin 10

concerto)

-229-
1 6

(PN) Lin Nd (name of a British student) 1

o (Nu) ling zero 5

(N) liuxuesheng student studying abroad ; in- 14

ternational student

(N) Idu building 14

(PN) Lu Yupfng ( name of a Chinese reporter) 1

(V) luxfng to travel 14

M
(N) mama mom 2

(PN) Ma Ddwei (name of an American student) 4,7

(QPt) ma (Interrogative particle for ques- 1 ,2

tion expecting yes- no answer)

I (V) mdi to buy 9

It (A) mdng busy 2 ,

(M) mdo(qidn) ( measure word of Chinese 10

monetary unit, equal to 1/10

#0 ; dime
(Adv) mei not 8

(IE) mei gudnxi nevermind; it doesn' t matter 5

(Pr) mei every; each 12

(PN) Meigud the United States; America 4,7

(N) meishu fine arts 7

(N) meimei younger sister 8

(Suf) td ( used after pronouns , Ml , 2,3


fA or certain nouns to denote

plural)

(N) mingpian calling card 7

(N) mingzi name,

(N) mingtidn tomorrow

N
(QPr) nd which 3

(QPr) ndr where 5

(IE) ndli no ( an expression of modest 1

denial)

up (Pr) nd that 3

(Pr) ndr there 10

(N) ndinai grandmother on the father ' s 3

side

- 230
; y 11
1

M (A) nan male 2,8

(N) ndnfdng south 14

(MdPt) ne (a modal particle used for el- 1,2


hptical questions;

(OpVJ neng can be able


; to
1
1

(Pi-) ni you 1,3

win (Pr) nlmen you v pi. 6


/.^ 1 /I
nidn to read 14

4# (Pr) nin
[Mil vnK
y \j Lt
I
\ nn Up iui
fnrmin
yj Kji iLKs ) 3 4

-ic (A) nu female 5

o
PA I
(PN) Ouzhdu Europe 14

p
n J-
ti
(N) pengyou mend 2,4

(A; piaonang pretty , beautiiul ; nice

(M) pfnq bottle 9

(N) pfngguo apple 10

(N) putao grape 10

Q
-k:J rfc
( vo; qichudng to get up 1

3% (IN J qidn money 1U


-_
sfr (v; qing please 4

(V) qinqwen May I ask ... ? 4,5

(V) qu to go 6

(N) qudnshen all over (the body) 12

R
(V) rang to let; to allow; to make 13

(N) ren people , person 3

->7J -sife
(V) renshi to know (somebody) 4

(A) rongyi easy 10

(VO) sdnbu to take a walk; to walk 13

(N) sdngzi throat 12

(N) shdngchdng market; bazaar shopping mall ; 10

-231-
)

(PN) Shanghai Shanghai 14

(VO) shdngke to go to class ( both students 11

and teachers)

(N) shdngwu morning 9

(QPr) shei who; whom 3,7

(N) shenti body, health 12

ft 'A tt (QPr) shenme what 4,6

(N) shengci new word 14

(N) shengri birthday 9

(PN) Shengdan Christmas 14

(N) shlfu master worker 10

(N) shihou time; moment 6

(N) shfjidn time 6

(N) shir matter; affair; thing 13

(V) sh] to be 3

(N) shdumidn (birthday) longevity noodles 9

(N) shu book 10

(A) shufu comfortable 12

(N) shuT water 12

(VO) shuijido to sleep 11

Hi (V) shui to sleep 11

(V) shuo to say; to speak 6

(N) sTjT driver 11

(Nu) si four 5

(PN) Sdng Hud (name of a Chinese student) 5,9

(N) song to give (as a present) 10

(N) sushe dormitory 5,13

(M) SUI year (of age) 9

(N) suishu years ( of age 11

(N) sunnur granddaughter on son ' s side 11

T
(Pr) tamen they; them 2,3

(Pr) ta he; him 2,3

(Pr) ta she; her 3

(Adv) tdi too; extremely 6

- 232 -
; 1
1

'A (A) t6ng painful 12

(N) tidn day 6

(N) tianqi weather 6

(V) tTngshuo to be told 13

(N) tou head 12

W
Ak ^ IN J wuiyuu toieign country Q
O

wuipu ^ A
UN J grandmother on the mother s 1

qi Hp

/ \
rvi (N) wdiyu foreign language 3,8

(V) wdnr to have fun, to play 11

(A) wan late 5,11

(N) wdnshang evening, night 11

(PN) Wang Xidoyun (name of a Chinese student) 5,8

^ ( Onr) \A/plchpnmp
VVCIOl Id IC Wily 1
7v IT II 1

(M\
\ ivu W0I ( a polite measure word for 1

(lilt) wei hello ; hey 13

(N) wenxue literature 7

ft (V) wen to ask 7

I "IS (N) went! question 11

(Pr) wo I; me 1,5

(Pr) women we; us 2

X
(N) xTydo Western medicine 12

(V) XI to wash 14

(V) xihuan to like, to prefer 8

(N) XI faculty; department 7

i
l
(N) xidwu afternoon 9

(N) xidnsheng Mr. 4,10

(N) xidnzdi now 6

(N) xiangjidopinggud apple with a banana taste 10

v r\ nlyjiuu
xiui
i c\ r\
i i

banana i n

-A El
v/UpV xidng to think; to miss/ to want to
1O
1Z ,
1 /
1^
{

do sth.

(A) xido little, small 8

(N) xiaojie Miss; young lady 5

-233-
.

(v) xie to write 11

(v) xiexie to thank 5,6

(N) xTngqT week 9

5.^ EI (N) xTngqTri Sunday 9

(V) xing to be . K 6

& (V/N) xing one s surname is. . ./surname 4

(V) xiuxi to take a rest 12

^ (N) xuesheng student 4,5

(V) xuexf
L
to
1
learn; to
. .J
study 4,7

(IN; xueyudn institute; college 4,7

Y
(PN) Yang (a surname) 4

it (N) ydo medicine 12

(V/OpV) ydo to want/must; to want to do 2,10


sth.

(Adv) ye too; also 1

(-),* ;l ( )iL (Nu-M) (yi)dianr a little bit 11

-* (Adv) yigdng altogether 8

(Adv.) yiql together 12

-T yixid (used after a verb to indicate 7

a short, quick, random, in-

formal action)
r
(N) yifu clothes 12
/ TV T \
(N) yisheng doctor; physician 3
/ TVT \

H 1% (N) ylyudn hospital 12


/ TV T \
(N) ylnyue music 7,10

Urn (OpV) yinggdi should ;


ought to 11
-1-/- r^l
(PN) YTngguo Great Britain; England 4

(N) YTngyu English 11


1 r J
(N) youju post office 14

>#>>^ (vo) youyong to swim 6

(v) you to have 6

(Adv) youdidnr somewhat; rather; a bit 12

(A) yduming famous 10


J. _y r-r.
(IE) you yisi interesting 6

(N) yufd grammar 14

(N) yuydn language 4


(OpV) yudnyi to be willing to do sth. 12

- 234 -
z
(IE) zdijidn good-bye 5

#
' -J
(Adv) zai again 9

(V) zai to be ( here , there ) ; to be 5,11

(in, on, at)

(A) zang dirty 14

(QPr) zenme how 10

&# ' V_> /-its |/J>-


(QPr) zenmeydnq how is it? 6,9

(PN) Zhang (a surname) 7

& (M) zhang (a measure word for flat ob- 8

jects)

& (V) zhao to look for 13

(V) zhao(qidn) to give change 10

(N) zhdopidn picture, photo 8

it it (Pr) zhe this 3,5

(Pr) zher here 5

A (A/ Adv) zhen real/ really 8

(V) zhldao to know 5

t (PN) Zhongguo China 3

(N) Zhongwen Chinese 7

(N) zhongwu noon 14

1 J 1 v
(N) zhongxue middle school 14

t& ^n (N) zhongydo traditional Chinese medicine 12

(V) shu to be born in the year of 9

(vo) zhuyudn to be in hospital; to be hospi- 12

talized

& (V) zhu to live; to stay 14

(V)' zhuhe to congratulate 9

fa (V) zhu to wish 9

(N) zhuanye major; specialty 7

(V) zO to rent 13

(N) zuotian yesterday 6,1

St (V) zud to sit 5

(V) zud to do; to make 8,1<

-235-
1

?h % iH iL
Supplementary Words

ma

fe # (N) baoguo parcel 14

fete (V) baokuo to include 13

if _pT7 (M) bei cup of 10

(M) ben (measure word for books and 10

notebooks)
hT
Dl pen in
IU

(A) pidnyi cheap ; inexpensive 10

(N) biao watch 11

C
(N) chti tea 9

(VO) chdngge to sing(a song) 11

(N) che car; vehicle 8

^ p L/llUll Jit? the Spring Festival 1 A

(N) ci'didn dictionary 8

D
(VO) dad! LU LctlxC a LflAi 1

(VO) ddzhen to have an injection 12

(N) ddbidn stool 12

(N) didnnao computer 8

(N) didnshi TV 14

(N) duzi abdomen stomach


; 12

(A) fdngbidn convenient 13

(M) fen ( measure word for publica- 10

tions such as newspapers)

(N) Fuhuo Jie Easter 14

-236-
;

r
(N) Gdn en
w\A 1 1 ' II Jie
\J 1 V-^ JL llUlUVuCll V 1J.1C- A/ ci
y
14

j yf__ 'j'Y Jl jft frfi (N) QonachenashT 8

TT
xl

cnuu Q
v in ; l IUlz.1 O

UN hnnhrir\
IIUl iuciu hamburger Q
7

f A ^
nesni suitable

Id (N)
\ iy j IUUAUC
hi
1
invi tp dicniioLi y 7

(V) hudvdn to have a medical test 12

(V) huidd to answer 11

i V |
(N/VO) hufxln reply/ to reply 13

J
(N) jidoyu education 7

(N) fingjl economy 7

(N) jTngxi pleasant surprise 14

K
(vo) kdiche to drive a car 11

(VO) kdiddo to have an operation 12

TlH (N) kele coke 9

&/T (N) ketlng living room 13

L
(N) lishi history 7

\k (A) lidngkuai cool 12

(N) IQshT lawyer 8

-St (A) ludn in disorder; in a mess 14

M
# (V) mdi to sell 10

(N) mifdn (cooked) rice 9

(N) midnbdo bread 9

N
(A) ndn difficult 11

(N) niundi milk 9

-237-
1 1

(N) pfjiu beer 9

Q
(A) ninn u Ul 1 1 L/ 1 UCI 1 Id 1 1
i 3
j

(A) ninn sunny 14

R
Ik (A) re hot 12

(N) regou hotdog 9

(A) rpxln
i\-r/\ 1 1 JL

FJ \ J> J
n
MJI
i]
diary

(N) shpnnhi jo life 12


^
JL

_- 1-7^ / ^ (N) Shenaddn


V_X 1 1 1 1 \_jJ 1 1 Santa Clans 14

Idoren

it (N) shduhudyudn shop assistant; salesperson 10

(N) shGdidn book store 10


/ TV T \
(N) shGfdng a study 13

*- * (IV) qhriYl
Ol IP
IUAUC ind.LIlCIHd.LlUo 7

yJ JH
(N) shuldidnffii utility 13

T
-A-
*- (M) tdo suite 13

^ "If ^ei (N) fix/Tim inn 10


JLU

( \rr\\
tidowu to dance 11

W
(N) wdigong gi'andfather on the mother '
s 8

side
1\T \
Z'

(N) wenhua culture 7

f N) VVVJOl 1 Dcuroom

UN; wulT physics 7

X
(N) xlcdn Western food 9

If (VO) xTydn to smoke 11

-238-
1

(N) xizhuren chairman of the department 8

(VO) xidke to get out of class ; to finish 1

class

(N) xiaobian urine 12

(A) xln new 13

(V) xuanxiu to take an elective course 7

tit (N) xubl Sprite 9

(N) xi6 blood 12

(N) ya tooth 12

(N) yeye grandfather on the father ' s 8

side

(N) ylnyue music 7

(N) YTngwen English 12

it (M) yuan (the same as but used 10

in written language)

7G (N) Yudnddn New Year's Day 14

Z
(N) zhexue philosophy 7

(V) zhengIT to put in order; to arrange; 14

to sort out

(M) zhT ( a measure word for stick- 10

like things such as pens)

(N) zhongcan Chinese food 9

(N) zhujido teaching assistant 8

(N) zuojia writer 10

-239-
1
1

Character Index

A 11 11 9 6 13

fT 7 7 12 a 13 13 5

& 8 f 10 4fp 4 2 9 A, 6
10 s_ 13 10 13 >g 9
B ft 11 4ft 12 8 8 Mj 14

1 r 12 *t 10 10 8 m 6
7 9 6 10 11 9
7 13 8 X 6 9 11

12 19 13 1

4 9 E 7 K
-g"
8 13 JL 5 8 J 13

11 f 12 9 8 & 11 7
13 11 5 13 /L 8 7
11 13 13 10 9
13 t 6 F 12 ie, 4 4
10 12 10 14 1
1

9 D & 14 4 7 if. 9
J* 3 4l 13 13 3 8
2
10 *L 2 13 9 6 1n
10
b 3 M 14 13 i 14 5
'I* Q
12 9 ft 10 13

7 8 K 12 H 10 t

8 77 2 7 * 14 4
7
2 11 14 4 7
3
13 # 13 # 10 *f 5 "P 14
12
4 f" 9 5
11
c 13 G 8 7
13
14 8 11 8 9
*L 14
* 9 11 12 9 /r 10
/J 1
13 13 m 14 7 5
6
5 T 2 7 9 9
J J 1
1 J 1

1 /I El n o lis;
14 I y 3 12 s& 12
1
,
12 y 9 11 4
a
1
10 AT
IN 1U T 3
-r.
6 M 11
q
R 1
1 1
z:
D 6 4 6
o o
vJp J 1U 3 13 4
n
70 9 J b 4 9 7
r o
J D J o -ir 8 jL 2 9
ii- A FT r
1 4 J 13 -fx 14
r
LJ J 1A
14 J
3-
3 w
TV/"
4
-rr
4" 12 yb 2 5 -r 4 Ri 9 12
1 /i Ah 1
14 1 O 9 8 5

2 2 6 it 7 11 10
14 3- 12 10 ll
A <^ Q Q > /
1
14 -T y 4r
7v 12 Y
1A
14 7
9 r-% 9
M
Ayr
1 J K 7 8 12
A o 1 o
2 4 Via.
O 11 13 4
^u 1
1
1
1 >X 1
1 7 P
K 13 12
i n r"
2 /V J 4 5 ^: ll
"31
y u V A
4 ll n 5 m A
4
1 A PI
'r^ o 14 3 6 5 7
i.
-<j
1A
10 1U 6 1 9
Wn 1o
12 p
r 13
A-
9 12
r c
O b 6 10 10
o
O 5 1A
10 5 14 <L 1

11 0fl Mr
12 4 1 9 ill 1
'-i
I K / 12 ill 10 X ll
o 1 /i o
/ 33 14 13 y 8 1

A
1 J 1 y m 1
10 13 ll 12
n
J 1A
1U Jl n
y 9 12 E
rrr
3
11 -r
1A
10 11
12 ?T
~T 1
11 1
1
ll
1 1 o 1 A
11 y O 13 14 10

W y 1 /i
14 I 8 6
1n
10 y 1J T 1
-rr
10

7 6 3 T
I
r~l

7 ll

6 Q 6 3 10 * ll

12 4 3 6 6 13

1 9 14 9 10 6
-241-
1 1

c .;j5_
Jr] J 4 L iM'l 1 /I
14 1
IZ
nb 1 /I c *
XT C 1A
14 _x J J 14 1U
m 1 /t c o 1Q -fET
I-)
14 / J O 13 1 J
N
z:
D /
Brr 1 /I
14 4
~y
--
1
IZ A. 1n
1U

4 1
IZ Q _-
1 1
1i 1
IZ j
1 "P 1

/r 1 1 iff Q ^/rr o
HI
4 1 1 T y Tp o
a.
2 ft 10 7 11 -f 7 5

12 8 10 10 5 8

5 11 8 7

-242-
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KSl Zhang Kai.JbSmWXft^a^^a + ^BIitfio 3 1989 ^MSSWMttfifffcM^. Si^5:*

ffiit chen Xi.jbjffcswx-Hs^^iifts.. ^^.tt$mmm'W^imo imm^ir^^mmRM^mmm

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Sltfl-ZuoShandan,^^W3tftA^i*!)ilic , tfc

*i&:r'i&xwi&4'Sifrf&W8
New Practical Chinese Reader

By Liu Xun (chief compiler)


Zhang Kai, Liu Shehui, Chen Xi
Zuo Shandan & Shi Jiawei

NPCR is a new series of textbooks designed for native English speakers to learn Chinese,
It consists of seventy lessons in six volumes, covering beginning to intermediate levels,
for three years of instruction. It has been compiled under the guidance of the new
NOCFL Syllabus and in consultation with the HSK Guideline. The objective of this serie
is develop the student's ability to communicate using Chinese through the study
to i

language structure, language function, and related cultural knowledge along with the
training of listening, speaking, reading and writing skills.

In order to make the study of Chinese easier and more interesting, this textbook has
the following features:

The student will be in the cultural setting of Chinese society with several internatio
students, Ding Libo (son of Gubo and Ding Yun), Lin Na and Ma Dawei, Throu
many interesting experiences, the student will not only learn authentic Chinese
also understand Chinese society and culture,
The instruction of functional items is emphasized. The student will learn to use Chinese
from the very beginning of the learning process.
Attention is paid to the instruction of pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and discou
and a gradual increase in difficulty, orderly advances and multiple repeats are stess
along with the usage of four large cycles to help students understand the langua
structure of Chinese.
A new method of teaching Chinese characters is utilized to help students read and
write intriguing characters.
Combined instruction of the four basic skills, listening, speaking, reading and writin
isemphasized.
Offering tremendous flexibility, the instructional materials are suitable for users
at different starting points and with different goals.

Abundant practice materials are supplied for the student to use inside and outside
the classroom.
Each volume comes with a student's Workbook and an Instructor's Manual along with
audiocassette and CD-ROM. Texts in traditional characters are provided.

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