Liaquat Pointers

#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>>
using namespace std;
void prime( int *,int * );
int main()
{
int start, end;
cout <<"enter starrt of range "<<endl;
cin>>start;
cout<<"enter end of range"<<endl;
cin>>end;
cout<<endl;
prime( &start,&end );
return 0;
system ("pause");
}
void prime( int *start, int *end )
{
int flag;
for(int i=*start;i<=*end;i++)
{
if(i>1)
{
flag=true;
for(int j=2;j<=i/2;j++)
{
if(i%j==0)
{
flag=0;
break;
}
}
if(flag==true)
{
cout<<i<<" is a prime
number"<<endl;
}
}
}
}
#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>>
void sort(int[],int);
int main()
{
int start, end;
cin>>start;
cin>>end;
cout<<endl;
return 0;
system ("pause");
}
{
int flag, index=0, array1[1000], sum=0;
{
if(i>1)
{
flag=true;
{
if(i%j==0)
{
flag=0;
break;
}
}
if(flag==true)
{
array1[index]=i;
index=index+1;
sum=sum+1;
cout<<i<<" is a prime number"<<endl;
}
}
}
cout<<endl;
sort(array1,sum);
}
void sort (int array1[] , int sum)
{
int temp, startarray=0,endarray=sum-1;
cout<<"prime numbers in descending order"<<endl;
do
{
temp=array1[endarray];
array1[endarray]=array1[startarray];
array1[startarray]=temp;
startarray=startarray+1;
endarray=endarray-1;
}
while(startarray<endarray);
for(int i=0;i<sum; i++)
{
cout<<array1[i]<<endl;
}
}
#include<iostream>
void sort(int[],int);
void factorialrange( int *,int * );
void factorial(int);
int main()
{
int start, end;
cin>>start;
cin>>end;
cout<<endl;
factorialrange(&start,&end) ;
return 0;
system ("pause");
}
{
int flag, index=0, array1[1000], sum=0;
{
if(i>1)
{
flag=true;
{
if(i%j==0)
{
flag=0;
break;
}
}
if(flag==true)
{
array1[index]=i;
index=index+1;
sum=sum+1;
cout<<i<<" is a prime number"<<endl;
}
}
}
cout<<endl;
sort(array1,sum);
}
void sort (int array1[] , int sum)
{
int temp, startarray=0,endarray=sum-1;
cout<<"prime numbers in descending order"<<endl;
do
{
temp=array1[endarray];
array1[endarray]=array1[startarray];
array1[startarray]=temp;
startarray=startarray+1;
endarray=endarray-1;
}
while(startarray<endarray);
for(int i=0;i<sum; i++)
{
cout<<array1[i]<<endl;
}
cout<<endl;
}
void factorialrange( int *start, int *end )
{
for(int i=*start; i<=*end;i+
+)
{
factorial(i);
}
}
void factorial(int i)
{
long double factorial=1;
cout<<"factorial of
"<<i<<" is ";
for(int j=i;j>0;j--)
{
cout<<j;
if(j>1)
{
cout<<"*";
}
factorial=factorial*j;
}
cout<<" =
"<<factorial<<endl;
}
#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
void sum(int,int);
int main()
{
int num1, num2;
cout <<"enter first number "<<endl;
cin>>num1;
cout<<"enter second number"<<endl;
cin>>num2;
sum(num1,num2) ;
return 0;
system ("pause");
}
void sum(int num1, int num2)
{
int sum=0,carry=0, digit=0, rank=1 ;
while(carry>0||num1>0 || num2>0)
{
digit=carry+(num1%10)+(num2%10);
if(digit>7)
{
carry=1;
digit=digit%8;
}
else
{
carry=0;
}
sum=sum+(digit*rank);
rank=rank*10;
num1/=10;num2/=10;
}
cout<<endl<<sum<<endl;
}
Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal
Base-10 Base-2 Base-8 Base-16
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 10 2 2
3 11 3 3
4 100 4 4
5 101 5 5
6 110 6 6
7 111 7 7
8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F
16 10000 20 10
17 10001 21 11
18 10010 22 12
19 10011 23 13
20 10100 24 14
21 10101 25 15
22 10110 26 16
23 10111 27 17
24 11000 30 18
25 11001 31 19
26 11010 32 1A
27 11011 33 1B
28 11100 34 1C
29 11101 35 1D
30 11110 36 1E
31 11111 37 1F
32 100000 40 20
Decimal to binary
#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
void binaryconvert(int);
int main()
{
int num;
cout <<"enter first number "<<endl;
cin>>num;
binaryconvert(num1) ;
return 0;
system ("pause");
}
void binaryconvert(int num)
{
int rem,sum=0,i=1;
do
{
rem=num%2;
sum=sum + (i*rem);
num=num/2;
i=i*10;
} while(num>0);
cout<<"The binary of the given number is:"<<sum<<endl;
}
Lab1 task 1
#include<iostream>
class calc
{
public:
int add(int a, int b)
{
c=a+b;
return c;
}
int sub(int a, int b)
{
c=a-b;
return c;
}
int mult(int a, int b)
{
c=a*b;
return c;
}
void div(int a, int b)
{
int d=a/b;
cout<<"\nQuotient: "<< d <<"\t\tRemainder: "<<remainder(a,b)<<"\n\n";
}
private:
int c;
int remainder(int a, int b)
{
c=a%b;
return c;
}
};
long double factorial (int a);
int main()
{
calc myCalc;
int x,y;
char choice;
cout<<"THIS IS A SIMPLE CALCULATOR\n\n";
cout<<"Enter choice of operation\n + for addition\n - for subtraction\n * for
multiplication\n /for division\n f for factorial\n" ;
cin>>choice;
cout<<"\nEnter First Number: ";
cin>>x;
cout<<"\nEnter Second Number: ";
cin>>y;
switch(choice)
{
case'+':
cout<<"\nSum: "<<myCalc.add(x,y)<<"\n\n";
break;
case'-':
cout<<"\nDiffernce: "<<myCalc.sub(x,y)<<"\n\n";
break;
case'*':
cout<<"\nProduct: "<<myCalc.mult(x,y)<<"\n\n";
break;
case'/':
myCalc.div(x,y);
break;
case'f':
cout<<"\nFactorial of first number : "<<factorial(x)<<"\n\n";
cout<<"Factorial of second number : "<<factorial(y)<<"\n\n";
break;
default:
cout<<"\ninvalid choice";
}
return 0;
}
long double factorial(int i)
{
if ( i <= 1 )
return 1;
else
{
{
}
}
return factorial;
}
Lab1 task 2
#include<iostream>
class calc
{
public:
int add(int a, int b)
{
c=a+b;
return c;
}
int sub(int a, int b)
{
c=a-b;
return c;
}
int mult(int a, int b)
{
c=a*b;
return c;
}
void div(int a, int b)
{
int d=a/b;
cout<<"\nQuotient: "<< d <<"\t\tRemainder: "<<remainder(a,b)<<"\n\n";
}
private:
int c;
int remainder(int a, int b)
{
c=a%b;
return c;
}
};
long double factorial (int a);
int main()
{
calc myCalc;
int x,y;
char choice;
cout<<"THIS IS A SIMPLE CALCULATOR\n\n";
cout<<"Enter choice of operation\n + for addition\n - for subtraction\n * for
multiplication\n /for division\n f for factorial\n" ;
cin>>choice;
cout<<"\nEnter First Number: ";
cin>>x;
cout<<"\nEnter Second Number: ";
cin>>y;
if (choice=='+')
{
cout<<"\nSum: "<<myCalc.add(x,y)<<"\n\n";
}
else if (choice=='-')
{
cout<<"\nDiffernce: "<<myCalc.sub(x,y)<<"\n\n";
}
else if (choice=='*')
{
cout<<"\nProduct: "<<myCalc.mult(x,y)<<"\n\n";
}
else if (choice=='/')
{
myCalc.div(x,y);
}
else if (choice=='f')
{
cout<<"\nFactorial of first number : "<<factorial(x)<<"\n\n";
cout<<"Factorial of second number : "<<factorial(y)<<"\n\n";
}
else
{
cout<<"\ninvalid choice";
}
return 0;
}
long double factorial(int i)
{
if ( i <= 1 )
return 1;
else
{
{
}
}
return factorial;
}
Lab 6 task 1
#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string>
void func1(string);
int main()
{
string sentence1;
cout<<"enter sentence"<<endl;
getline(cin,sentence1);
cout<<"you entered "<<sentence1<<endl;
func1(sentence1);
return 0;
system("pause");
}
void func1(string sentence1)
{
for(int i=0;i<sentence1.length();i++)
{
sentence1[i]=sentence1[i]-32;
}
cout<<"your string in uppercase "<<sentence1<<endl;
}
Lab 5 task 1
#include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<cmath>
void octalsum(int [], int);
void dectooct(int, int);
void dectohexa(int , int );
unsigned long convtodecnum(char[],int);
int main()
{
long int decnum1, decnum2 ;
int octnum1,octnum2;
cout<<"Enter first decimal number : "<<endl;
cin>>decnum1;
cout<<"Enter second decimal number : "<<endl;
cin>>decnum2;
dectooct(decnum1,decnum2);
dectohexa(decnum1,decnum2);
return 0;
system("pause");
}
void dectooct(int a,int b)
{
long int decnum[2], rem, quot;
decnum[0]=a;
decnum[1]=b;
int c=0,d=0,e=0,p=10, product=0, sumnum[2]={0,0};
sumnum[d]={0};
int octnum[2][100]={0};
for(int k=0;k<2;k++)
{
int i=1, j;
quot=decnum[k];
while(quot!=0)
{
octnum[c][i++]=quot%8;
quot=quot/8;
}
cout<<"Equivalent octal value of "<<decnum[k]<<" is ";
for(j=i-1;j>0;j--)
{
product=pow(p,j-1);
sumnum[d]=sumnum[d]+octnum[c][j]*product;
}
cout<<sumnum[d]<<endl;
c=c+1;
d=d+1;
}
octalsum(sumnum, 2);
}
void dectohexa(int decnum1,int decnum2)
{
long int decnum[2],rem,quot;
decnum[0]=decnum1;
decnum[1]=decnum2;
char hexdecnum[100];
unsigned long sumnum[2]={0};
int b=0,sum=0;
for(int a=0;a<2;a++)
{
int i=1, j, temp;
quot=decnum[a];
while(quot!=0)
{
temp=quot%16;
if(temp<10)
{
temp=temp+48;
}
else
{
temp=temp+55;
}
hexdecnum[i++]=temp;
quot=quot/16;
}
cout<<"Equivalent hexadecimal value of
"<<decnum[a]<<" is : ";
for(int j=i-1; j>0; j--)
{
cout<<hexdecnum[j];
}
cout<<endl;
sumnum[a]=convtodecnum(hexdecnum,i);
sum=sum+sumnum[a];
}
cout<<"sum of hexa value "<<hex<<decnum1<<" and "<<hex<<decnum2<<" is
"<<sum<<endl;
}
unsigned long convtodecnum(char hexdecnum[],int b)
{
const int base = 16;
unsigned long decnum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < b; i++)
{
if (hexdecnum[i] >= 48 && hexdecnum[i] <= 57)
{
decnum += (((int)(hexdecnum[i])) - 48) * pow(base, b - i -
1);
}
else if ((hexdecnum[i] >= 65 && hexdecnum[i] <= 70))
{
1);
}
else if (hexdecnum[i] >= 97 && hexdecnum[i] <= 102)
{
1);
}
}
return decnum;
}
void octalsum(int sumnum[], int size )
{
int a=sumnum[0];
int b=sumnum[1];
int sum=0,carry=0,d=0,m=1;
while(a||b||carry)
{
d=0;
d=carry+(a%10)+(b%10);
a/=10;b/=10;
if(d>7)
{
carry=1;
d=d%8;
}
else
{
carry = 0;
}
sum += d*m;
m *= 10;
}
cout<<"sum of octal value "<<sumnum[0]<<" and "<<sumnum[1]<<" is "<<
sum<<endl;
}
Lab 5 task 1
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include <conio.h>
void add(int ,int);
void diff(int ,int);
int main()
int a, b;
cout << "Enter your roll no: " << endl;
cin >> a;
cout << "Enter your roll no again: " << endl;
cin >> b;
add(a,b);
diff(a,b);
getch();
return 0;
void add(int x, int y)
cout << "\n\n1st entered number in HexaDecimal is: " << hex << x << endl;
cout << "2nd entered number in HexaDecimal is: " << hex << y << endl;
cout << "\nSum in Hexadecimal is: " << x + y << endl << endl;
cout << "1st entered number in OctaDecimal is: " << oct << x << endl;
cout << "2nd entered number in OctaDecimal is: " << oct << y << endl;
cout << "\nSum in Octadecimal is: " << x + y << endl << endl;
void diff(int x, int y)
{
cout << "1st entered number in HexaDecimal is: " << hex << x << endl;
cout << "2nd entered number in HexaDecimal is: " << hex << y << endl;
cout << "\nDifference in Hexadecimal is: " << x - y << endl << endl;
cout << "1st entered number in OctaDecimal is: " << oct << x << endl;
cout << "2nd entered number in OctaDecimal is: " << oct << y << endl;
cout << "\nDifference in Octadecimal is: " << x - y << endl << endl;
}
Lab 6 task 2
#include <iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void func1(string);
void func2(string,string);
int main()
{
string sentence1,sentence2;
cout<<"Enter first string: ";
cout<<"you entered "<<sentence1<<endl;
func1(sentence1);
cout<<"Enter Second string: ";
func2(sentence1,sentence2);
return 0;
system("pause");
}
void func1(string sentence1)
{
for(int i=0;i<sentence1.length();i++)
{
sentence1[i]=sentence1[i]-32;
}
cout<<"your string in uppercase "<<sentence1<<endl;
}
void func2(string sentence1,string sentence2)
{
char i,j,flag=0;
i=0;
j=0;
while(sentence1[i]!='\0')
{
i++;
}
while(sentence2[j]!='\0')
{
j++;
}
if(i!=j)
{
flag=0;
}
else
{
for(i=0,j=0;sentence1[i]!='\0',sentence2[j]!='\0';i++,j++)
{
if(sentence1[i]==sentence2[j])
{
flag=1;
}
}
}
if(flag==0)
{
cout<<"Strings are not equal";
}
else
{
cout<<"Strings are equal";
}
}
Lab 7 task 1
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#define LEN 20
char * msgs[5] = { " Thank you for the wonderful evening, ", "You certainly prove that a ", "is
aspecial kind of guy. We must get together", "over a delicious ", " and have a few laughs" };
struct names
char first[LEN];
char last[LEN];
};
struct guy
struct names handle;
char favfood[LEN];
char job[LEN];
float income;
};
int main()
struct guy array[3];
for (int i=0; i<3; i++)
cout << "Enter first name " ;
cin >> array[i].handle.first;
cout << "Enter last name " ;
cin >> array[i].handle.last;
cout << "enter favourite food " ;
cin >> array[i].favfood;

cout << "enter job " ;
cin >> array[i].job;
cout << "enter income " ;
cin >> array[i].income;
cout<<endl;
cout<<endl<<endl;
for (int i=0; i<3; i++)
cout <<"first name "<< array[i].handle.first<<endl;
cout <<"last name "<< array[i].handle.last<<endl;
cout <<"favourite food "<< array[i].favfood<<endl;
cout <<"job "<< array[i].job<<endl;
cout <<"income "<< array[i].income<<endl;
cout<<endl<<endl;
return 0;
system("pause");
}
Lab 7 task 2
#include<iostream>
void binaryconvert(int);
int main()
int number1,number2, result,num;
cout<<"Enter first number: "; //taking user input for numbers
cin>>number1;
cout<<"Enter second number: ";
cin>>number2;
// demonstrate & operator
cout <<"\nUsing the bitwise AND operator &\n";
result=number1&number2;
cout <<"number1&number2= "<<result<<"\n\n"<<endl;
// demonstrate bitwise |
cout <<"Using the bitwise OR operator |\n";
result=number1|number2;
cout <<"number1|number2= "<<result<<"\n\n"<<endl;
// demonstrate bitwise exclusive OR
cout <<"Using the bitwise XOR operator ^\n";
result=number1^number2;
cout <<"number1^number2= "<<result<<"\n\n"<<endl;
// demonstrate bitwise right shift
cout <<"Using the bitwise right shift operator >>\n";
result=number1>>1;
cout <<"Shifting first number one bit to right: number1>>1= "<<result<<"\n\n"<<endl;
// demonstrate bitwise left shift
cout <<"Using the bitwise left shift operator >>\n";

result=number2<<1;
cout <<"Shifting second number one bit to left: number2<<1= "<<result<<"\n\n"<<endl;
cout<<"enter number to be converted to binary "<<endl;
cin>>num;
binaryconvert(num);
return 0;
void binaryconvert(int num)
int rem,sum=0,i=1;
do
rem=num%2;
sum=sum + (i*rem);
num=num/2;
i=i*10;
} while(num>0);
cout<<"The binary of the given number is:"<<sum<<endl;
}
#include<iostream>
void func1( char *[]);
int main()
char *arr2[3][15]={"asdasd","asdasd","asdasd"};
for(int i=0;i<=2;i++)
for(int j=0;j<15;j++)
cin>>arr2[i][j];
func1(arr2);
return 0;
void func1( char *arr2[])
for(int i=0;i<=2;i++)
for(int j=0;j<=15;j++)
cout<<arr2[i][j];
}
1 // Fig. 8.28: fig08_28.cpp
2 // Multipurpose sorting program using function pointers.
3 #include <iostream>
4 using std::cout;
5 using std::cin;
6 using std::endl;
7
8 #include <iomanip>
9 using std::setw;
10
11 // prototypes
12 void selectionSort( int [], const int, bool (*)( int, int ) );
13 void swap( int * const, int * const );
14 bool ascending( int, int ); // implements ascending order
15 bool descending( int, int ); // implements descending order
16
17 int main()
18 {
19 const int arraySize = 10;
20 int order; // 1 = ascending, 2 = descending
21 int counter; // array index
22 int a[ arraySize ] = { 2, 6, 4, 8, 10, 12, 89, 68, 45, 37 };
23
24 cout << "Enter 1 to sort in ascending order,\n"
25 << "Enter 2 to sort in descending order: ";
26 cin >> order;
27 cout << "\nData items in original order\n";
28
29 // output original array
30 for ( counter = 0; counter < arraySize; counter++ )
31 cout << setw( 4 ) << a[ counter ];
32
33 // sort array in ascending order; pass function ascending
34 // as an argument to specify ascending sorting order
35 if ( order == 1 )
36 {
37 selectionSort( a, arraySize, ascending );
38 cout << "\nData items in ascending order\n";
39 } // end if
40
41 // sort array in descending order; pass function descending
42 // as an argument to specify descending sorting order
43 else
44 {
45 selectionSort( a, arraySize, descending );
46 cout << "\nData items in descending order\n";
47 } // end else part of if...else
48
49 // output sorted array
50 for ( counter = 0; counter < arraySize; counter++ )
51 cout << setw( 4 ) << a[ counter ];
52
53 cout << endl;
54 return 0; // indicates successful termination
55 } // end main
56
57 // multipurpose selection sort; the parameter compare is a pointer to
58 // the comparison function that determines the sorting order
59 void selectionSort( int work[], const int size,
60 bool (*compare)( int, int ) )
61 {
62 int smallestOrLargest; // index of smallest (or largest) element
63
64 // loop over size - 1 elements
65 for ( int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++ )
66 {
67 smallestOrLargest = i; // first index of remaining vector
68
69 // loop to find index of smallest (or largest) element
70 for ( int index = i + 1; index < size; index++ )
71 if ( !(*compare)( work[ smallestOrLargest ], work[ index ] ) )
72 smallestOrLargest = index;
73
74 swap( &work[ smallestOrLargest ], &work[ i ] );
75 } // end if
76 } // end function selectionSort
77
78 // swap values at memory locations to which
79 // element1Ptr and element2Ptr point
80 void swap( int * const element1Ptr, int * const element2Ptr )
81 {
82 int hold = *element1Ptr;
83 *element1Ptr = *element2Ptr;
84 *element2Ptr = hold;
85 } // end function swap
86
87 // determine whether element a is less than
88 // element b for an ascending order sort
89 bool ascending( int a, int b )
90 {
91 return a < b; // returns true if a is less than b
92 } // end function ascending
93
94 // determine whether element a is greater than
95 // element b for a descending order sort
96 bool descending( int a, int b )
97 {
98 return a > b; // returns true if a is greater than b
99 } // end function descending
Enter 1 to sort in ascending order,

Enter 2 to sort in descending order: 1
Data items in original order

2 6 4 8 10 12 89 68 45 37
Data items in ascending order
2 4 6 8 10 12 37 45 68 89
Enter 1 to sort in ascending order,

Enter 2 to sort in descending order: 2
Data items in original order

2 6 4 8 10 12 89 68 45 37
Data items in descending order
89 68 45 37 12 10 8 6 4 2
3 #include <iostream>
4 using std::cout;
5 using std::endl;
6
7 #include <string>
8 using std::string;
10 int main()
11 {
12 string string1( "cat" );
13 string string2;
14 string string3;
16 string2 = string1; // assign string1 to string2
17 string3.assign( string1 ); // assign string1 to string3
18 cout << "string1: " << string1 << "\nstring2: " << string2
19 << "\nstring3: " << string3 << "\n\n";
20
21 // modify string2 and string3
22 string2[ 0 ] = string3[ 2 ] = 'r';
23
24 cout << "After modification of string2 and string3:\n" << "string1: "
25 << string1 << "\nstring2: " << string2 << "\nstring3: ";
27 // demonstrating member function at
28 for ( int i = 0; i < string3.length(); i++ )
29 cout << string3.at( i );
31 // declare string4 and string5
32 string string4( string1 + "apult" ); // concatenation
33 string string5;
35 // overloaded +=
36 string3 += "pet"; // create "carpet"
37 string1.append( "acomb" ); // create "catacomb"
39 // append subscript locations 4 through end of string1 to
40 // create string "comb" (string5 was initially empty)
41 string5.append( string1, 4, string1.length() - 4 );
43 cout << "\n\nAfter concatenation:\nstring1: " << string1
44 << "\nstring2: " << string2 << "\nstring3: " << string3
45 << "\nstring4: " << string4 << "\nstring5: " << string5 << endl;
46 return 0;
47 } // end main
string1: cat
string2: cat
string3: cat
After modification of string2 and string3:

string1: cat
string2: rat
string3: car
After concatenation:
string1: catacomb
string2: rat
string3: carpet
string4: catapult
string5: comb
#include <iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<cstring>
int main()
char temp;
string sentence;
getline(cin,sentence);
cout<<sentence<<endl;
for(int i=0;i<sentence.length();i++)
for(int j=0;j<(sentence.length()-i-1);j++)
if (sentence[j]>sentence[j+1])
temp=sentence[j+1];
sentence[j+1]=sentence[j];
sentence[j]=temp;
cout<<"after "<<sentence<<endl;
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>
#include<stdio.h>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::fixed;
using std::string;
using std::setprecision;
#ifndef COMMISSION_H
#define COMMISSION_H
// C++ standard string class
class CommissionEmployee
public:
CommissionEmployee( const string &, const string &, const string &,
double = 0.0, double = 0.0 );
void setFirstName( const string & ); // set first name
string getFirstName() const; // return first name

void setLastName( const string & ); // set last name
string getLastName() const; // return last name
void setSocialSecurityNumber( const string & ); // set SSN
string getSocialSecurityNumber() const; // return SSN
void setGrossSales( double ); // set gross sales amount
double getGrossSales() const; // return gross sales amount
void setCommissionRate( double ); // set commission rate
double getCommissionRate() const; // return commission rate
double earnings() const; // calculate earnings
void print() const; // print CommissionEmployee object
private:
string firstName;
string lastName;
string socialSecurityNumber;
double grossSales; // gross weekly sales
double commissionRate; // commission percentage
}; // end class CommissionEmployee
#endif
#ifndef BASEPLUS_H
#define BASEPLUS_H
class BasePlusCommissionEmployee : public CommissionEmployee
public:
BasePlusCommissionEmployee( const string &, const string &,
const string &, double = 0.0, double = 0.0, double = 0.0 );
void setBaseSalary( double ); // set base salary
double getBaseSalary() const; // return base salary
double earnings() const; // calculate earnings
void print() const; // print BasePlusCommissionEmployee object
private:
double baseSalary; // base salary
}; // end class BasePlusCommissionEmployee
#endif
int main()
// create base-class object
CommissionEmployee commissionEmployee(
"Sue", "Jones", "222-22-2222", 10000, .06 );
// create base-class pointer
CommissionEmployee *commissionEmployeePtr = 0;
// create derived-class object
BasePlusCommissionEmployee basePlusCommissionEmployee(
"Bob", "Lewis", "333-33-3333", 5000, .04, 300 );
// create derived-class pointer
BasePlusCommissionEmployee *basePlusCommissionEmployeePtr = 0;
// set floating-point output formatting
cout << fixed << setprecision( 2 );
// output objects commissionEmployee and basePlusCommissionEmployee
cout << "Print base-class and derived-class objects:\n\n";
commissionEmployee.print(); // invokes base-class print
cout << "\n\n";
basePlusCommissionEmployee.print(); // invokes derived-class print
// aim base-class pointer at base-class object and print
commissionEmployeePtr = &commissionEmployee; // perfectly natural
cout << "\n\n\nCalling print with base-class pointer to "
<< "\nbase-class object invokes base-class print function:\n\n";
commissionEmployeePtr->print(); // invokes base-class print
// aim derived-class pointer at derived-class object and print
basePlusCommissionEmployeePtr = &basePlusCommissionEmployee; // natural
cout << "\n\n\nCalling print with derived-class pointer to "
<< "\nderived-class object invokes derived-class "
<< "print function:\n\n";
basePlusCommissionEmployeePtr->print(); // invokes derived-class print
// aim base-class pointer at derived-class object and print
commissionEmployeePtr = &basePlusCommissionEmployee;
cout << "\n\n\nCalling print with base-class pointer to "
<< "derived-class object\ninvokes base-class print "
<< "function on that derived-class object:\n\n";
commissionEmployeePtr->print(); // invokes base-class print
cout << endl;

return 0;
} // end main
CommissionEmployee::CommissionEmployee(
const string &first, const string &last, const string &ssn,
double sales, double rate )
: firstName( first ), lastName( last ), socialSecurityNumber( ssn )
setGrossSales( sales ); // validate and store gross sales
setCommissionRate( rate ); // validate and store commission rate
} // end CommissionEmployee constructor
// set first name
void CommissionEmployee::setFirstName( const string &first )
firstName = first; // should validate
} // end function setFirstName
// return first name
string CommissionEmployee::getFirstName() const
return firstName;
} // end function getFirstName

// set last name
void CommissionEmployee::setLastName( const string &last )
lastName = last; // should validate
} // end function setLastName
// return last name
string CommissionEmployee::getLastName() const
return lastName;
} // end function getLastName
// set social security number
void CommissionEmployee::setSocialSecurityNumber( const string &ssn )
socialSecurityNumber = ssn; // should validate
} // end function setSocialSecurityNumber
// return social security number
string CommissionEmployee::getSocialSecurityNumber() const
return socialSecurityNumber;
} // end function getSocialSecurityNumber
// set gross sales amount
void CommissionEmployee::setGrossSales( double sales )
grossSales = ( sales < 0.0 ) ? 0.0 : sales;
} // end function setGrossSales

// return gross sales amount
double CommissionEmployee::getGrossSales() const
return grossSales;
} // end function getGrossSales
// set commission rate
void CommissionEmployee::setCommissionRate( double rate )
commissionRate = ( rate > 0.0 && rate < 1.0 ) ? rate : 0.0;
} // end function setCommissionRate
// return commission rate
double CommissionEmployee::getCommissionRate() const
return commissionRate;
} // end function getCommissionRate
// calculate earnings
double CommissionEmployee::earnings() const
return getCommissionRate() * getGrossSales();
} // end function earnings
// print CommissionEmployee object
void CommissionEmployee::print() const
cout << "commission employee: "
<< getFirstName() << ' ' << getLastName()
<< "\nsocial security number: " << getSocialSecurityNumber()
<< "\ngross sales: " << getGrossSales()

<< "\ncommission rate: " << getCommissionRate();
} // end function print
BasePlusCommissionEmployee::BasePlusCommissionEmployee(
const string &first, const string &last, const string &ssn,
double sales, double rate, double salary )
// explicitly call base-class constructor
: CommissionEmployee( first, last, ssn, sales, rate )
setBaseSalary( salary ); // validate and store base salary
} // end BasePlusCommissionEmployee constructor
// set base salary
void BasePlusCommissionEmployee::setBaseSalary( double salary )
baseSalary = ( salary < 0.0 ) ? 0.0 : salary;
} // end function setBaseSalary
// return base salary
double BasePlusCommissionEmployee::getBaseSalary() const
return baseSalary;
} // end function getBaseSalary
// calculate earnings
double BasePlusCommissionEmployee::earnings() const
return getBaseSalary() + CommissionEmployee::earnings();
} // end function earnings

// print BasePlusCommissionEmployee object
void BasePlusCommissionEmployee::print() const
cout << "base-salaried ";
// invoke CommissionEmployee's print function
CommissionEmployee::print();
cout << "\nbase salary: " << getBaseSalary();
} // end function print

#include <iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include <ctime>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
int main()
char choice;
cout<<"-----------------------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
cout<<" WLECOME TO GUESS AND WIN

"<<endl;
cout<<"-----------------------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
string name;
cout<<"Please enter your name :";
getline(cin,name);
system ("CLS");
cout<<"-----------------------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
cout<<" RULES OF THE GAME

"<<endl;
cout<<"------------------------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
cout<<" 1. Your initial balance is $100 "<<endl;
cout<<" 2. Guess any number between 1 and 10 "<<endl;
cout<<" 3. On winning you will get double the amount you have bet"<<endl;
cout<<" 4. On losing you will lose the money you have bet"<<endl;
cout<<" 4. You can play untill you bankrupt or you win $100000"<<endl;
cout<<"------------------------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
getche();
int balance=100;
int bet;
do
system ("cls");
cout<<name <<";Your Current Ammount is : $ "<<balance<<endl<<endl;
cout<<"Enter the Money You Wish to Bet : $ ";
cin>>bet;
cout<<endl<<endl;
if ( bet<1)
cout<<"You Don't Have The Specified Amount"<<endl<<endl;
cout<<"Enter The Betting Amount Again"<<endl;
cin>>bet;
getche();
while (balance<bet) {
cout<<"you have less than the required Amount"<<endl<<endl;
cout<<"Enter betting amount again"<<endl;
cin>>bet;
system ("cls");
int d;
cout<<"Enter Any Number Between 1 and 10"<<endl<<endl;
cout<<"enter your guess : ";
cin>>d;
cout<<endl<<endl;
srand (time (0));
int e;
e= 1 + rand()%10;
if ( d==e)
cout <<"You Win"<<endl<<endl;
cout<<"Congratulations You Won $ "<<bet<<endl<<endl;
cout <<"The Winning Number Was"<<e<<endl<<endl;;
balance=balance+bet;
cout <<"You Have $ "<<balance<<" Left"<<endl<<endl;
else
cout<<"You Lose"<<endl<<endl;
cout<< "Hard luck! Winning number was "<<e<<endl<<endl;
balance= balance-bet;
cout<<"You Have $ "<<balance<<" Left"<<endl;
if (balance==0){
cout <<"you bankrupt"<<endl;
cout<<"Game Over"<<endl;
system("pause");
return (0);
cout<<"y/n"<<endl;
cin>>choice;
while (choice=='y');
if (choice=='n'){
cout<<"Goodbye"<<endl;
}
system ("pause");
return 0;

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#include<iostream>

Base-10 Base-2 Base-8 Base-16

using namespace std;

void add(int ,int);

void diff(int ,int);

cout << "Enter your roll no: " << endl;

cout << "Enter your roll no again: " << endl;

void add(int x, int y)

void diff(int x, int y)

using namespace std;

struct names handle;

struct guy array[3];

for (int i=0; i<3; i++)

cout << "Enter first name " ;

cin >> array[i].handle.first;

cout << "Enter last name " ;

cin >> array[i].handle.last;

cout << "enter favourite food " ;

cin >> array[i].favfood;

cin >> array[i].job;

cout << "enter income " ;

cin >> array[i].income;

for (int i=0; i<3; i++)

cout <<"first name "<< array[i].handle.first<<endl;

cout <<"last name "<< array[i].handle.last<<endl;

cout <<"favourite food "<< array[i].favfood<<endl;

cout <<"job "<< array[i].job<<endl;

cout <<"income "<< array[i].income<<endl;

using namespace std;

int number1,number2, result,num;

cout<<"Enter first number: "; //taking user input for numbers

cout<<"Enter second number: ";

// demonstrate & operator

cout <<"\nUsing the bitwise AND operator &\n";

cout <<"number1&number2= "<<result<<"\n\n"<<endl;

cout <<"Using the bitwise OR operator |\n";

cout <<"number1|number2= "<<result<<"\n\n"<<endl;

// demonstrate bitwise exclusive OR

cout <<"Using the bitwise XOR operator ^\n";

cout <<"number1^number2= "<<result<<"\n\n"<<endl;

// demonstrate bitwise right shift

cout <<"Using the bitwise right shift operator >>\n";

cout <<"Shifting first number one bit to right: number1>>1= "<<result<<"\n\n"<<endl;

// demonstrate bitwise left shift

cout <<"Using the bitwise left shift operator >>\n";

cout <<"Shifting second number one bit to left: number2<<1= "<<result<<"\n\n"<<endl;

cout<<"enter number to be converted to binary "<<endl;

void binaryconvert(int num)

cout<<"The binary of the given number is:"<<sum<<endl;

using namespace std;

void func1( char *[]);

void func1( char *arr2[])

Enter 1 to sort in ascending order,

Data items in original order

Enter 1 to sort in ascending order,

Data items in original order

After modification of string2 and string3:

using namespace std;

// C++ standard string class

double = 0.0, double = 0.0 );

void setFirstName( const string & ); // set first name

string getFirstName() const; // return first name

string getLastName() const; // return last name

void setSocialSecurityNumber( const string & ); // set SSN