Lesson: Circles

Exercise 10.1 (4)

Question: 1
How many tangents can a circle have?

Solution
A circle can have infinite number of tangents.

Question: 2
Fill in the blanks:
(i) A tangent to a circle intersects it in ___ point
(s).
(ii) A line intersecting a circle in two points is called
a ______.
(iii) A circle can have ____ parallel tangents at the
most.
(iv) The common point of a tangent to a circle and
the circle is called _____.

Solution
(i) One
(ii) Secant
(iii) Two
(iv) Point of contact

Question: 3
A tangent PQ at a point P of a circle of radius 5 cm
meets a line through the centre O at a point Q so
that OQ 12 cm. Length PQ is:
(A) 12 cm
(B) 13 cm
(C) 8.5 cm
(D) 119 cm

Solution
(D)
Draw a circle with radius 5 cm as shown in the figure
below.

Fig. Exc_10.1_3
The line from the centre to the tangent is
perpendicular to the tangent.
Thus, OP PQ .
In OPQ , by the Pythagoras theorem,
OQ 2 OP2 PQ 2
2 2
12 5 PQ 2
PQ 2 144 25
PQ 2 119
PQ 119
Thus, the length of PQ is 119 .

Question: 4
Draw a circle and two lines parallel to a given line
such that one is a tangent and the other, a secant to
the circle.

Solution
Step 1: Draw a line l .
Step 2: Set the compass to the desired radius of the
circle.
Step 3: Put the needle point of the compass at the
circles centre.
Step 4: Turn the compass through 360 and draw
the circle above the line.
Step 5: Draw a line parallel to the given line such
that it intersects the circle at two points. It is a
secant of the circle.
Step 6: Draw a line parallel to the given line such
that it touches the circle at one point only. It is a
tangent of the circle.

Fig. Exc_10.1_4
Exercise 10.2 (13)
In Q.1 to 3, choose the correct option and give
justification.

Question: 1
From a point Q, the length of the tangent to a circle
is 24 cm and the distance of Q from the centre is 25
cm. The radius of the circle is
(A) 7 cm
(B) 12 cm
(C) 15 cm
(D) 24.5 cm

Solution
(A)
Let the centre of the circle be O.
Given:OQ 25 cm and PQ 24 cm
In a circle, radius is perpendicular to the tangent.
 Fig. Exc_10.2_1
Thus, OP PQ
By the Pythagoras theorem in OPQ,
OP2 PQ 2 OQ 2
2 2
OP2 24 25
OP2 625 576
OP2 49
OP 7
Hence, the radius of the circle is 7 cm.

Question: 2
If TP and TQ are the two tangents to a circle with
centre O so that POQ 110 , then PTQ is equal
to
(A) 60
(B) 70
(C) 80
(D) 90
 Fig. Exc_10.2_2

Solution
(B)
The tangents to the circle are TP and TQ.
Radius of a circle is perpendicular to the tangents.
Therefore, OP TP and OQ TQ
OPT 90
OQT 90
The sum of interior angles in quadrilateral POQT is
360
OPT POQ OQT PTQ 360
90 110 90 PTQ 360
PTQ 70
Hence, PTQ 70

Question: 3
If tangents PA and PB from a point P to a circle with
centre O are inclined to each other at angle of 80 ,
then POA is equal to
(i) 50
(ii) 60
(iii) 70
(iv) 80
Solution
(A)
Given: PA and PB are tangents.

Fig. Exc_10.2_3
Thus, the radius OB and OA are perpendiculars to
the tangents.
Thus, OA PA and OB PB .
OBP 90 and OAP 90
In quadrilateral AOBP ,
Sum of all interior angles 360
So,
OAP APB PBO BOA 360
90 80 90 BOA 360
BOA 360 260
BOA 100
In OPB and OPA ,
AP BP [Tangents from a point]
OA OB [Radii of the circle]
OP OP [Common side]
Thus,
OPB OPA [SSS congruence criterion]
Thus, POB POA [By CPCT]
Also,
1
POA AOB
2
100
= 50
2
Hence, POA 50.

Question: 4
Prove that the tangents drawn at the ends of a
diameter of a circle are parallel.

Solution
 Fig. Exc_10.2_4
Let the diameter of the circle be XY .
At point X and Y , two tangents PQ and RS are
drawn.
So, OX RS and OY PQ .
OXR 90 OXS
OYP 90 OYQ
Observe that,
OXR OYQ [Alternate interior angles]
OXS OYP [Alternate interior angles]
Alternate interior angles are equal. So lines
PQ and RS are parallel.
Question: 5
Prove that the perpendicular at the point of contact
of the tangent to a circle passes through the centre.

Solution
Let O be the centre of circle and XY be a tangent
that touches the circle at point P.
We have to prove that the line perpendicular to XY
at P passes through the point O.
We will prove this by a contradiction.
Let the perpendicular to XY at P not pass through
the centre O.
Let it is passes through another point Q .
Join OP and QP .

Fig. Exc_10.2_5
Perpendicular to XY at P passes through Q .
Thus, QPY 90 (1)
According to the figure, the centre of the circle is O
and the point of contact is P.
So, OPY 90. (2)
By equation (1) and (2),
QPY OPY (3)
From the figure, observe that
QPY OPY (4)
Thus, QPY OPY is not possible.
It is possible only when the line OP and QP are
coincides.
Thus, the perpendicular to XY through P passes
through centre O.

Question: 6
The length of a tangent from a point A at distance 5
cm from the centre of the circle is 4 cm. Find the
radius of the circle.

Solution
Let O as a centre of a circle.
 Fig. Exc_10.2_6
From point A, AB tangent is drawn on the circle.
Given: OA 5 cm and AB 4 cm
In ABO ,
OB AB .
Apply the Pythagoras theorem in ABO ,
2 2 2
AB BO OA
2 2 2
4 BO 5
2
16 BO 25
2
BO 9
BO 3
Thus, the radius of the circle is 3 cm.

Question: 7
Two concentric circles are of radii 5 cm and 3 cm.
Find the length of the chord of the larger circle
which touches the smaller circle.
Solution
Let the point O be the centre of two concentric
circles.

Fig. Exc_10.2_7
Also, the chord of the larger circle is AB and touches
the smaller circle at point P.
Thus, AB becomes the tangent of the smaller circle.
OP AB [Q OP is radius of smaller circle]
Apply Pythagoras theorem in OAP ,
2 2 2
OP AP OA
2
32 AP 52
2
AP 25 9
2
AP 16
AP 4
In OAB ,
OP AB
 perpendicular from the centre
AP PB oft he circle bisects the chord

AB 2AP
Now, 2 4
8
Thus, the length of the chord is 8 cm.

Question: 8
A quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a
circle. Prove that AB CD AD BC .

Fig. Exc_10.2_8

Solution
Let ABCD be a quadrilateral.
Observe that,
Tangents from point
DR DS D on the circle (1)

Tangents from point
CR CQ C on the circle (2)

 Tangents from point
BP BQ B on the circle (3)

Tangents from point
AP AS A on the circle (4)

Add all these equations,
DR CR BP AP DS CQ BQ AS
DR CR BP AP DS AS CQ BQ
CD AB AD BC
Hence proved.

Question: 9
XY and XY are two parallel tangents to a circle with
centre O and another tangent AB with point of
contact C intersecting XY at A and XY at B. Prove
that AOB 90.

Fig. Exc_10.2_9(Ques.)

Solution
Join point O to C.

Fig. Exc_10.2_9(Sol.)
In OPA and OCA ,
OP OC [radii of same circle]
Tangents from point
AP AC A on the circle

AO AO [Common side]
OPA OCA [SSS congruence criterion]
POA COA (1)
Similarly, OQB OCB
QOB COB (2)
The diameter of the circle POQ.
It is a straight line.
Thus,
POA COA COB QOB 180
From equation (1) and (2),
POA COA COB QOB 180
COA COA COB COB 180
2COA 2COB 180
COA COB 90
AOB 90
Hence proved.

Question: 10
Prove that the angle between the two tangents
drawn from an external point to a circle is
supplementary to the angle subtended by the line-
segment joining the points of contact at the centre.

Solution
Let O be the centre of the circle.

Fig. Exc_10.2_10
Let P be the external point and PX and PY are the
two tangents.
XY is the line segment.
Observe that OX PX .
Thus, OXP 90.
Similarly, OY PY .
OYP 90.
In quadrilateral OXPY,
OXP XPY PYO YOX 360
90 XPY 90 YOX 360
XPY YOX 360 180
XPY YOX 180
Hence, the angle between the two tangents drawn
from an external point to a circle is supplementary to
the angle subtended by the line-segment joining the
points of contact at the centre.

Question: 11
Prove that the parallelogram circumscribing a circle
is a rhombus.

Solution
Given: Let ABCD be a parallelogram.
AB CD (1)
BC AD (2)
 Fig. Exc_10.2_11
Observe that,
Tangents from point
AW AZ A on the circle

Tangents from point
BW BX B on the circle

Tangents from point
CY CX C on the circle

Tangents from point
DY DZ D on the circle

Add these equations,
DY CY BW AW DZ CX BX AZ
DY CY BW AW DZ AZ CX BX
DC AB AD BC
From equation (1) and (2),
DC AB AD BC
2AB 2BC (3)
AB BC
Compare equation (1), (2) and (3),
AB BC CD DA
Hence, ABCD is a rhombus.

Question: 12
A triangle ABC is drawn to circumscribe a circle of
radius 4 cm such that the segments BD and DC into
which BC is divided by the point of contact D are of
lengths 8 cm and 6 cm respectively. Find the sides AB
and AC.

Fig. Exc_10.2_12(Ques.)

Solution
Sides AB and AC touches the circle at point E and F
respectively.
Let the length of AF be x .
In ABC ,
Tangents from point
CF CD 6 cm C on the circle

Tangents from point
BE BD 8 cm B on the circle

Tangents from point
AF AE x A on the circle

Fig. Exc_10.2_12(Sol.)
Now, AB AE EB x 8 .
BC BD DC
86
14
CA CF FA
6x
By the heros formula,
2s AB BC CA
2s x 8 14 6 x
2s 28 2x
s 14 x
Area of

ABC s s a s b s c

14 x 14 x 14 14 x 6 x 14 x 8 x
14 x 14 x 14 14 x 6 x 14 x 8 x
14 x x 8 6
4 3 14x x 2

1
OBC OD BC
2
Area of 1
4 14
2
28
1
OCA OF AC
2
Area of 1
4 6 x
2
12 2x
 1
OAB OE AB
2
Area of 1
4 8 x
2
16 2x
Now, find the value of x .
Area of ABC Area of OBC
Area of OCA
Area of OAB
4 3 14x x 2 28 12 2x 16 2x

4 3 14x x 2 56 4x

3 14x x 2 14 x

3 14x x 2 14 x
2

42x 3x 2 196 x 2 28x

2x 2 14x 196 0
x 2 7x 98 0
Solve the quadratic equation.
x 2 7x 98 0
x 2 14x 7x 98 0
x x 14 7 x 14 0
x 14 x 7 0
x 14,7
Length is always positive so, 14 is rejected.
Thus, x 7
Hence, AB x 8 7 8 15 cm
CA 6 x 6 7 13 cm.

Question: 13
Prove that the opposite sides of a quadrilateral
circumscribing a circle subtend supplementary
angles at the centre of the circle.

Solution
Let O be the centre of circle and quadrilateral ABCD
touches the circle at points W, X , Y, Z .

Fig. Exc_10.2_13
Join the vertices of the quadrilateral with the centre
of the circle.
In OAW and OAZ ,
Tangents from point
AW AZ A on the circle

OW OZ [radii of same circle]
OA OA [common side]
OAW OAZ [SSS congruence criterion]
Thus, WOA AOZ
1 8
Similarly,
2 3
4 5
6 7
Now,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 360
1 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 360
21 22 25 26 360
2 1 2 2 5 6 360
1 2 5 6 180
AOB COD 180
Similarly, BOC DOA 180
Thus, the opposite sides of a quadrilateral
circumscribing a circle subtend supplementary
angles at the centre of the circle.