CHAPTER 2

GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS II

of functions

1. Linear function 2. euadratic function 3. Cubic function 4. Reciprocal function

r =3r+2 5r+1
4r-6 3 ._
'--t 5

a>0

a<0

phs of functions A graphthat shows the changes and retationship

between two variables r an.t i.

Function
Function (
a craph , ,./
t=3-r+2

Ihe graph above is an i The graph above is an

ustration
of the function I = 3r + 2 with its illustrat;on of the function
gradient = 3 and ],intercept
= 2.
lPN Nerrff (r,rtsdn. Bh.l 1554690 Hj
Ch.!t.r 2 : cEptrs ot F!nclols tl
 2. cho@ a slltable scale tor lhe r-dis and :|_axis.
Genehl steps in dra*inggraph ortunctions:
1. Build a table of valu6 for the funetion given. Scale ofthe r"dis = 2 cn:1unit 4cn:1unit
S.rle ofther"dis = 2 cm : l unit 2 cm I l unit
-1 4
3. Plot the l-axis Elues and thel coresponding r_axis values on a

. calculate the I values using the tlnction girn

. TIE shap ot the graph can be predicled by
tookinA at tfie tunction.

@o
Drawthe gaphs ior each ofthe followlng
4. lointhe poinis to obtain the gtaph.
\a) ! : 4x 2, -3 ar:3
Fronr the grdph, detemine the value of], tl

lb)y=zr'z-s+I,2a'=2
From the graph, determine the value ofr
(c) t:.f 2r - 3, -3 <j:3
From the graph, determlne the \ r]e of]
when r =
1.5.

' = ;, -6 !r:6
(d)
From the grdph, detemine the value ofr
when v = 1.5.

TEEE
Giwwffi
Scale of the r-dis = 1cm : l unit
Scale of therdis = 1cm : 2 units
From the g.aph, whenr = 2,1= 6.

i (b) )]= 2x': r+ 1-+r =ar2+ bJ+ c

/ I !w
6
EE
Scale of the r-axis = 1 cm : 1 unit
S@te of the r"axis = 1 cm : 2 units
4,l
From the raph, when / = -1orr = 1,4
M&
=
t,
F
Mm
re ', The graph is

'#"*;."
100
 (c)r =:. - 2r s-),=arr+br+c+_
a=1>O
.z . -.." 0,,. r-1, 2..1,. 1
S:F-,1 t-t
,shapeore'aph

ffi it
1

tt * ,i.,.l -qr :tr : 4I

This graph is drawn

between-3<r<3
1slrrrrroursrLr

n 19 ,,o

1
j- 1.si

(n cory de,heinrLoNj.! brd 4udoi

'.tr

t[) u$g! 5arorzcnb i!' I or l

(rr shrc sc rcgin v ) dr eptrrtds(

I,r*4

i:1
IA
IlHt louts$f
ldllm* (el rinear

oPN Neuron (M) Sdn. Bhd (554690 H) chapter 2I Graplrs of Flncto.s I

 rorr=9*E

I'
I

when'=1.5,;=5.3

-*t'

i @
Sketch the gmph foa
I each of the following

(a) 2y 3x - 6
(b)y=t$-a)6+2)
@!=ax3+;
(d:)ry=2
Solution
wr'""
'=
-j,
+ A anse ln ],- d+ b'fom , = r-1- 1[ 1* 2r

-; (lradienr) 33
s +
r= t+3
a

b=3t.intercept) /=(0-1X0+2)
22
__9
r-2
't t -)
r- 1=o or r+2"0
2(O) 3;_ 6 2/=3r+6 \=L ot r,- -2

= 3tt?, = _L
IIIII
llllt
22
102
 tf=2 .
Aft.nRe in =: form

+-r
2l ;:)>o \
shape oreraph \l
=!2
2

=2

ffiww
III
@.n ( )

kl Given thatr - '" + p, where I

and p arc constants. The graph
olf:r" + p passes through
the po nt (r, O). Find the value
ofn, p and r for each ofthe 0
graph.

(b) Sketch the graph ofr = mr., 1

on separate diagrdms where

0 m:2, n: o (il) nr=3,n :2 (ii) m=;,n:1 (v) m=4,n= 2

Sotution

(al(i) r={^ +p (ii) The graph in (ii) is a linear (iii)The graph in (iii) is a quadratic
graph. graph.
Thegraph in (i) is a cubic graph.
..n=3
..n=1 ;,n= 2
Thelintercept of the graph is -12. The)'intercept ofthe graph is -4.
Thelintercept of the graph is 8.
+(when r = O,t = a) -+ r,= (of +8
'+(whenr=0,r=-12) -+ (when jr = o,r - -4)
:. P = -7-2
'lP=8 =a
To find r, substitutel, = 0 into To find r, substitute']' = 0 into
)=f+8 f=x-L2
Toind r, substitute t, = O into
O=x-L2
.r=f+8 x=t2
0=13+8 :.t = L2
T=iL- ..r=2(asr>O)

(b)(i) m=2,n=0 (ii) m=3,n=2 (iv) m=4,n--2

(iii) m=i,n=1
)'= xl ,-2,
1"1 a" l,= t4r
,o
"':
'=-_...- o

I
oPN r',reuron (M)sd.. Bhd. (554690 H) Chapter 2 : Graphs of Functons li
 ill *'d:
@sovetne equationr': &r + 5 = 6 graphically.
Solution Steps on solving equations using graphical method.

@p s.pu'ut" .quution x2 - 8x + s = 6 into two equations.

t-l-8x+5 t=6
--ta
@@ or"* lott' "qrutions on the same lraph paper.
v=i"-&+5 I IIIIITIIIIII
I IIIIIIIIIIII
@ rina tn" ;nt"r."ctlon point of graph ], - I, - 8r + 5 and ], - 6.
From the graph, the solutions ofthe equation i'z- Sr + 5 = 6 arex = -O.1andx = a.1.
ffi
l,$*-
l*t-
l^ .i
l]m-T--= ]1

r\
ill N-ll \.

tt\
-\T-.-*'
\

\t
TT
+

\./
r+-
--r --'
O PNrNeuron (lV)Sdn. Bhd. (554690-H) Chapter 2 :Cphs oi Functions ll
 understand and use the concept of the Region representing tnequatities in Two Vadables

t l!?i,rlfilsnaceancmarkwithRtheregonwhchsatsfestiieinequalitiesr>( 2,r> 2and31 +4r<7

,(llDr sr,"a" tnu r"elon which satisfies the inequalities, : ! - 2 and 3r, + 4f < 7.

3, +4r=7

f-f-2

o-r-2 3(o)+aJ=7
r-2 r = 1.75
3f+ 4(O) - 7
r- 2.33

d$!!E) snaoettre region which salisfies the inequalityr : 2.

3t + 4x a7.

iz -r ol i z

I"a/-

3r+4r=7

t2 -1 '
t!
lr=-2
I
lll,lqg 5666s 316 6a with R the regiof wh ch satisf es the inequatities r, : r: 4r + 6 and , 3r + 4.
=
The following is the table ofvaluesforr-13 4' + 6.

t -2.5 -2 -t O 25
f@EHEEEE
/)rJ-4x+6
l=\3-4r+6

Sketch a gmph
f<.r3-4.r+6

@Slrade the

1i>3r+ 4
lnequallty
yS3x+4.

r=3x+4

./=3(O)+4
v=4
O=3r+4 u<3r+4
, = -1.3

0PNlNerron (N1) Sdn. Bhd. (554690 H) Chapter 2 : G6phs ol Functons ll

)
 ilut
@
(a) Complete the following table for the equation), = - 2t + 71.

EEEEEI EEEEEEE
WIffiHffiffiffiW@ffi$ffiffiffiw@H@
'3

(b) Plot a gmph ofl = 13 2r + 11 by usinga scale of2 cm to represent l unit at r_axis and 2 crn to represent 10 units

(c) Draw a straight ine on your graph to find the valle of' which satisfies the equation f b = 17lor -3
=x
14.

(d) Shade lhe reglon which satisnes the three inequalitiesa Z 0 5, / U 5 and), + 15t < 45.
(e) From the gaph ofy = r: - 2t + tI, tind
(i) valuerwhenr=40,
(ii) value, when r = -1.5,
(ij ) the polnt of intersection of )t = ,3 + Ia aft, + t5x : 45.
Solution

EEEEEEEEEEE
m@@s-@nffi ilMfr Fffitreffi ffi5dl@@
When r = 3,
Y=f-2t+LL y=,:-2a+LL
= (-1)3 - 2(-1) + 11 = (3f - 2(3) + 11
=42 -32

(b) (Refer to the next Page)

(c) y=f- +L!
y- LL=* -}-o r/
f _x=n_o (
\ From the gtaph,
sum. @ into lQ whent,-2a,r=2.85
))- LL- !7
..t = 2a <- LifeaPFunctioil"

(d) (Refer to the next Page)

defildib.slDdedqrmm
(e) (l) j,=40,ir=3.3
(ii) r=-1.5,t=1o.5
(iii) From the graph. intersectlon point = (2.15)

--G: sbEth!n4u!atpnedby'helhddrc8im' TE
I'I
(b) By*,.s"",r.d, EE
t[r
u-
NE
E I!
E
EE

104
 Scale of the ir-axis = 2 cm : l unit
Scale of the Faxis = 2 cm : 10 units

Cubic graph

Lineargraph

answer (e)(i)

r=24

r=,r3-2x+al
; answer 10.5
, texll,
_v=5

2.45 3 4

+ 15:r = 45

l"'
The curve line must be smooth and
passes through all the points plotted.

The pencil used must be sharp.

A llexible ruler is used to draw curye

Iine.

0PN Nedron (M)Sdr. Bhd. (554690-H) Clrapter 2 : Graphs ol Functons ll

)
lllli'EO a 6x56 665 6 cytinctr ca ho e. The cross sectronar a rea of the cyrinder s 4cm,.

(a) Fnd the vo ume of

Solution
the cube,

Volume of cylinder
cm3.
'r)

C
r =4cm'?:rcm

..rcm3=(x:rxr)-4'
=r3-4r

(
(c) From the graph, nfd
(l) the volume oflhe cube
if G height is 2.5 cm,
Solution
(b) Draw a graph oif = -f 4rfor 2:Ji3. When r = 2.5,t=5.6 cm3
Soluiion ( ) the length of cube when votume is 12
-1 ol 2 Sotution
yo 3 o-3 0 15 When-r = 12,r = 2.9 cm

vA
'4$ e.!- d'F

l:i"'
* ";*--l^"^", -' " -f (cm")
Scale of the x-axis = 2 cm : 1 unit
Scale of the r-axis = 2 cm : 4 units
,, 1, I

' i "i
\\/ /
l

--ts- answer (c) (ii)

+sl* /i \ /\
l

I.ir{.21

answer (c) (i)

tr (cm)
--3
 ItitD z Thc clagram shor's Lhe ocatrof ol a book on a tab e

PQ=RS=DC-x-r
=DC-21
=3-2r

3m
lai Slrov/ the equaton i = 21'? 3r F 6 i rhc slraded nrea K is, nr:
So ution
Area of ABCD: 2: 3 AIEa of PQRS= QR : RS ...r = Area of ABCD - Area of PQRS
= (3 2r) =6 (3-r-^)
= 31 2r': = 6 31 + 2C '__ _\ratrlnEe
y'
= 2r': - 3-t + 6 (shown)

lbl Form an eqration ilthe area of tab e wthort puLL ng the trook s 4 t mes ttre
per nreter ol Lire rook.

|= 4l2Y+2(3 2!)i Perimeter of a book

=4(2\ + 6 - 4\) =PQ+QR+RS+SP
=-8r+24 =(3-2I)+r+(3-2!)+r
=zr+2\3-2t)
Lcl Potagrapholr=2rr 3! r 6andr= ar r 24ifrherangcof 3:r:3
Soution

-24 o123
l=2-r'?-3-r+6 t33 20 Lt 65a15
rr=-8_r+24 0123
r, 4a 40 32 24 16aO
-d{r'
Referto the next page for the graph.

taao'edFr I
,.,1

(- PN Nerr.. lM) sdf Brrd (5511690 H) Ch.ptcr2 : Gr.Dhs ol llrcrrons

 the r-axis

l- -8.x t (d) From the graph, flnd

(i) minimum point,

Solution
'-b
Axis symmet.y, .I =
Za
_ -(-3)
212)
= o.75
v=5
i
.. Answer : (o.75,5)
''

(ii) intersection point.

Solution
x=2,y=A
.'. Answer: (2, a)

a\+ s
"=