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H A Y W A R D B A K E R

Blue Plains AWTP


Jet Grouting, Soil Nails & Shotcrete for
Groundwater Cutoff & Excavation Support
P R O J E C T S U M M A R Y

B lue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant, lo-


cated along the Potomac River in the District of Co-
lumbia, is the largest in the world with over 2 million
SOLDIER PILES
AND ELECTRIC
LINE SUPPORTS
TYP.
A

T
customers, and over 1,200 miles of pipelines in a 725 square

T
270 kW
ELECTRIC LINES
mile service area. As part of on-going growth and develop-
SHOTCRETE EXCAVATION
ment of the plant, Enhanced Nitrogen Removal Facilities LIMITS
PLANNED 18
(ENRF) were planned. The construction of the ENRF re- PLANNED
MICROTUNNEL
RISER
SHAFT EXCAVATION
OFFSET 8
quired a microtunnel connection between two basins. 31 EDGE OF
BASIN SLAB

Problem EXISTING
BASIN
WALL 6 DIA. JET GROUT
The geologic setting and the proximity of the microtunnel to COLUMN TYP.

existing concrete structures, pipelines, and utilities created


complications for the launch and receiving shaft construction.
Previous explorations indicated the site was situated in the At- Plan view.

lantic Coastal Plain, which consists of relatively flat sediment EL. +11.0

layers over deep bedrock. The encountered deposits consist- 270 kW ELECTRIC LINES
ed of terrace sands and gravels, very dense gravelly sands TEMP. SOLDIER PILE AND
LAGGING WALL & ELECTRIC
SEDEMENTATION BASIN PLANNED
with cobbles, underlain by very stiff to hard Cretaceous clays. RISER
SHAFT
LINE SUPPORT

The level of the water table was affected by the adjacent Po-
tomac River, rainfall, groundwater pumping within or near the EL. -14.5

plant, leakage from plant facilities, and the deeper plant struc-
tures cutting off the natural path of groundwater flow. The
location and varying soil conditions of the proposed shafts re- JET GROUT/WALER
SHORING TYP.
quired innovative support of excavation (SOE) technologies
and groundwater control.
18-0

Design Solution EL. -50.0


EL. -47.0 TOP OF CLAY
SOIL NAIL TYP.
A soldier pile and lagging wall was designed to support the
upper soils opposite the basin and support the electric lines. PLANNED
SHOTCRETE SOIL
NAIL WALL TYP.
MICROTUNNEL
Within the granular layer, jet grout columns were designed to EL. -62.0
provide earth retention and prevent groundwater flow. Since
jet grouting was less effective in the very stiff to hard clays, EL. -75.0
soil nails with a shotcrete facing retained the soil in the lower SECTION A-A

30 feet of the shaft.


Section view.

Owner
DC WASA, Washington, D.C.
General Contractor
Ulliman Schutte Construction, Washington, D.C.
Subcontractor
Hayward Baker Inc., Baltimore, MD
Engineer
CH2M Hill, Columbus, OH
Blue Plains, continued...
Construction
Hayward Baker Inc. (HBI) constructed jet grout columns at the
riser and drop shaft to provide SOE and groundwater cutoff. At
both shafts, the columns were embedded three feet into the clay
layer.
A soft dig excavation was performed to expose the known utili-
ties. Once these excavations were performed, PVC pipe was
placed at drilling locations within close proximity to utilities to
isolate the utilities from the drilling and jet grouting operations.
When working immediately adjacent to or under the basin, adja-
cent columns were not completed in the same day to minimize
potential channel settlement.

Quality Assurance
HBI constructed three sacrificial overlapping jet grout test PVC casing pre-installed at drilling locations.

columns prior to the production work. Samples molded from wet


soilcrete were obtained during construction of the test columns.
These samples were later tested for strength and permeability.
Coring of the columns was also performed after the jet grout had
cured.
The drill and jet grouting rig contained an on-board data acquisi-
tion (DAQ) computer to monitor construction parameters includ-
ing RPM; depth; lift rate; grout and water flow rate and pressure;
grout specific gravity; air pressure; and air flow. Data were re-
corded and displayed alongside specified target values, allowing
the driller to carefully monitor the work and make adjustments
in real-time.

Conclusion
Performing geotechnical construction in close proximity to sen- HBI constructing jet grout columns.

sitive structures and utilities is inevitable. The use of multiple


geotechnical construction technologies allowed for a cost-effec-
tive solution to an otherwise challenging and expensive problem.
The real-time data collection and visualization, as well as other
quality assurance measures, allowed the engineers and contrac-
tors to monitor and evaluate the construction practices and pro-
ceed with confidence.

Jet grout columns exposed during excavation.

Hayward Baker Inc. 2015


For a complete list of geotechnical construction techniques and offices, visit www.HaywardBaker.com Pub No: H1-MAR-40011-P

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