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Wastewater Treatment

OBJECTIVE

The principal objective of industrial wastewater

treatment is generally to allow industrial effluents
to be disposed of without danger to human health
or unacceptable damage to the natural
environment.

To manage water discharged from homes,

businesses, and industries to reduce the threat of
water pollution.

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Sources of Wastewater

Table 6A DAO34: Significant Parameters for Selected

Types of Industries
TYPE OF INDUSTRY SIGNIFICANT WASTEWATER PARAMETERS
BEVERAGE INDUSTRY BOD5, Ph, Suspended Solids, Settleable Solids, Oil and
Grease
CEMENT, CONCRETE, LIME & GYPSUM PH, Suspended Solids, Dissolved Solids, Temperature
DAIRY PRODUCT PROCESSING BOD5, COD, Ph, Suspended Solids, Dissolved Solids,
Settleable Solids
FERROALLOY MFG. (With electric furnace with wet Suspended Solids, Chromium (hexavalent)
air Oil and Grease, Phenols, Phosphates pollution
control)
FERTILIZER INDUSTRY Chloride, Chromium, Dissolved Solids Nitrate, Suspended
Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry Solids
Phosphate Fertilizer Industry pH, Phosphorus, Suspended Solids, Temperature,
Cadmium, Arsenic
GRAIN MILLING INDUSTRY BOD5, Suspended Solids, Temperature
INORGANIC CHEMICALS, ALKALIES AND pH, Total Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved Solids,
CHLORINE INDUSTRY COD Chlorides, Sulfates, Temperature
LEATHER TANNING & FINISHING INDUSTRY BOD5, COD, Chromium, Oil and Grease, pH, Suspended
Solids, Color, Dissolved Solids
LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY BOD5, COD, Total Suspended Solids, pH, Color, Total
Coliforms
MEAT, FISH, AND FRUIT CANNING BOD5, COD, Suspended Solids, pH, Oil and Grease,
Dissolved Solids
MEAT PRODUCTS INDUSTRY BOD5, pH, Suspended Solids, Settleable Solids, Oil and
Grease, Toal Coliforms, Toxic Materials

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Table 6ADAO 34:Significant Parameters for Selected

Types of Industries
TYPE OF INDUSTRY
METAL FINISHING INDUSTRY
MINERAL ORE PROCESSING
(Mining Industry)
ORGANIC CHEMICALS INDUSTRY
PETROLEUM REFINING IND.
PLASTIC MATERIALS & SYNTHETIC INDUSTRY
PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY
STEEL INDUSTRY
SUGAR CANE PROCESSING INDUSTRY
TEXTILE MILL INDUSTRY
THERMAL POWER GENERATOR
SIGNIFICANT WASTEWATER PARAMETERS
Oil and Grease, Heavy Metals (Cr, Cd, etc.), Suspended
Solids, Cyanide.
Suspended Solids, Heavy Metals (Hg, CN, Cd, etc.),
Arsenic
BOD5, COD, pH, Total Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved
Solids, Oil (Free-floating)
BOD5, Heavy Metals, COD, Oil (Total), pH, Phenols,
Suspended Solids, Temperature, Total Dissolved
Solids
BOD5, COD, pH, Total Suspended Solids, Oil and Grease,
Phenols
BOD5, COD, pH, Total Suspended Solids, E. Coli, Color,
Heavy Metals, Dissolved Solids, Oil and Grease,
Phenols
Oil and Grease, pH, Cyanide, Phenol, Suspended Solids,
Temperature, Chromium
BOD5, pH, Suspended Solids, Oil and Grease
BOD5, COD, pH, Suspended Solids, Chromium, Phenols,
Color, Oil and Grease
BOD5, Color, Chromium, Oil and Grease, pH, Phosphate,
Suspended Solids, Temperature

Wastewater Treatment
Methods
Physical Treatment Methods
Unit Operations
Screening, Mixing, Flocculation, Sedimentation,
Flotation, Filtration, Aeration (gas transfer)
Chemical Treatment Methods
Unit Processes
Precipitation, Disinfection, Redox, Neutralization
Biological Treatment Methods

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Wastewater Treatment
Degree
Primary Treatment
Physical Unit Operations
Removal of solids that cause maintenance or
operational problems -- debris, grit, oil and
grease, TSS
Secondary Treatment
Chem. and Biological Processes
Removal of TDS and biodegradable organics
Tertiary Treatment
Removal of residual solids not removed in
primary and Secondary treatment

Schematic Diagram of WWT Operations

Screening Activated
Neutralization Sludge process
Grit Primary
Chamber Sedimentation
Redox Trickling
INFLUENT
Physical
Precipitation Filter
Flotation
Flocculation
Coagulation Stabilization
Lagoons
Pre-aeration Filtration
Chemical
Flocculation Aerated
Skimming
Lagoons

EFFLUENT Disinfection

Pretreatment Primary Secondary

Methods Treatment Treatment

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Plan of a Typical Waste Water Treatment Plant

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Sewage Treatment