3.4.6.

2 Symbols
For the purposes of 3.4.6 the following symbols apply.
3.4.6.3 Span/effective depth ratio for a rectangular or flanged beam
The basic span/effective depth ratios for beams are given in Table 3.9. These are based on limiting
the total
deflection to span/250 and this should normally ensure that the part of the deflection occurring after
construction of finishes and partitions will be limited to span/500 or 20 mm, whichever is the lesser,
for
spans up to 10 m. For values of bw/b greater than 0.3, linear interpolation between the values given
in
Table 3.9 for rectangular sections and for flanged beams with bw/b of 0.3 may be used.
Table 3.9 Basic span/effective depth ratio for rectangular or flanged beams
3.4.6.4 Long spans
For spans exceeding 10 m, Table 3.9 should be used only if it is not necessary to limit the increase in
deflection after the construction of partitions and finishes. Where limitation is necessary, the values
in
Table 3.9 should be multiplied by 10/span except for cantilevers where the design should be justified
by
calculation.
3.4.6.5 Modification of span/depth ratios for tension reinforcement
Deflection is influenced by the amount of tension reinforcement and its stress. The span/effective
depth
ratio should therefore be modified according to the ultimate design moment and the service stress at
the
centre of the span (or at the support in the case of a cantilever). Values of span/effective depth ratio
obtained from Table 3.9 should be multiplied by the appropriate factor obtained from Table 3.10.
3.4.6.6 Modification of span/depth ratios for compression reinforcement
Compression reinforcement also influences deflection and the value of the span/effective depth ratio
obtained from Table 3.9 modified by the factor obtained from Table 3.10 may be multiplied by a
further
factor obtained from Table 3.11.
As prov area of tension reinforcement provided at mid-span (at support for cantilever).
As_ prov area of compression reinforcement.
As req area of tension reinforcement required at mid-span to resist the moment due to design
ultimate loads (at support for cantilever).
b effective width of a rectangular beam, the effective flange width of a flanged beam or the total
average width of the flanges.
bw average web width of a beam.
d effective depth.
fs estimated design service stress in the tension reinforcement.
M design ultimate moment at the centre of the span or, for a cantilever, at the support.
_b the ratio:
from the respective maximum moments diagram.
Support conditions Rectangular section Flanged beams with
Cantilever 7 5.6
Simply supported 20 16.0
Continuous 26 20.8
(moment at the section after redistribution)
(moment at the section before redistribution)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bw
b ----- _ 0.3
Licensed Copy: Sheffield University, University of Sheffield, 23 October 2002,
Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
BS 8110-1:1997
36 BSI 27 May 2002
Section 3
3.4.6.7 Deflection due to creep and shrinkage
Permissible span/effective depth ratios obtained from Table 3.9, Table 3.10 and Table 3.11 take
account of
normal creep and shrinkage deflection. If it is expected that creep or shrinkage of the concrete may
be
particularly high (e.g. if the free shrinkage strain is expected to be greater than 0.00075 or the creep
coefficient greater than 3) or if other abnormally adverse conditions are expected, the permissible
span/effective depth ratio should be suitably reduced. A reduction of more than 15 % is unlikely to be
required (see also Section 7 of BS 8110-2:1985 for creep coefficient).
3.4.7 Crack control in beams
Flexural cracking may be controlled by use of the rules of 3.12.11.2 (maximum distance between bars
in
tension). If greater spacings are required (e.g. between groups of bars), the expected crack widths
should
be checked by calculation (see Section 3 of BS 8110-2:1985).
Table 3.10 Modification factor for tension reinforcement
Service stress M/bd2
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
100 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.86 1.63 1.36 1.19 1.08 1.01
150 2.00 2.00 1.98 1.69 1.49 1.25 1.11 1.01 0.94
(fy = 250) 167 2.00 2.00 1.91 1.63 1.44 1.21 1.08 0.99 0.92
200 2.00 1.95 1.76 1.51 1.35 1.14 1.02 0.94 0.88
250 1.90 1.70 1.55 1.34 1.20 1.04 0.94 0.87 0.82
300 1.60 1.44 1.33 1.16 1.06 0.93 0.85 0.80 0.76
(fy = 460) 307 1.56 1.41 1.30 1.14 1.04 0.91 0.84 0.79 0.76
NOTE 1 The values in the table derive from the equation:
Modification factor =
equation 7
where
M is the design ultimate moment at the centre of the span or, for a cantilever, at the support.
NOTE 2 The design service stress in the tension reinforcement in a member may be estimated from the equation:
equation 8
NOTE 3 For a continuous beam, if the percentage of redistribution is not known but the design ultimate moment at mid-span