Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

CHEMISTRY 9701/4
Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions
hours 2
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Data Booklet

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
A Data Booklet is provided.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

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Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 Transition elements are important metals because of their characteristic properties.

(a) Define what is meant by a transition element.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) (i) For each of the following complexes, state the co-ordination number and the oxidation
number of the transition element present.

co-ordination number oxidation number

[Ni(CN)2(NH3)2]

[CrCl 2(H2O)4]+
[2]
(ii) State the type of bonding that exists between the ligand and the metal ion in these
complexes.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Suggest the structure of [Ni(CN)2(NH3)2] and name its shape.

name of shape ....................................................................................................................

[2]
(c) The complex ion [Cr(H2O)6]3+ can be converted into [CrCl 2(H2O)4]+.

(i) Suggest a suitable reagent for this conversion.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the type of reaction in (i).

3
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) The [CrCl 2(H2O)4]+ complex ion shows stereoisomerism.
(i) Name this type of stereoisomerism.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Draw three-dimensional diagrams to show the two stereoisomers of [CrCl 2(H2O)4]+.

[3]
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2 Most car air bags contain a capsule of sodium azide, NaN3. In a crash, the NaN3 decomposes into
its elements.

(a) Write an equation for the decomposition of NaN3.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram for the azide ion, N3.

Use the following key for the electrons.

electrons from central nitrogen atom

electrons from the other two nitrogen atoms
added electron(s) responsible for the overall negative charge

N N N

[3]

(c) Lattice energies are always negative showing that they represent exothermic changes.

(i) Explain what is meant by the term lattice energy.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Explain why lattice energy represents an exothermic change.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(iii) Use the following data and any relevant data from the Data Booklet to calculate the
standard enthalpy change of formation, , of NaN3(s).
Include a sign in your answer. Show all your working.

lattice energy, , of NaN3(s) 732 kJ mol1

standard enthalpy change of atomisation, , of Na(g) +107 kJ mol1
standard enthalpy change, H o, for 1 12 N2(g) + e N3(g) +142 kJ mol1

of NaN3(s) = ............................. kJ mol1 [3]

(iv) The lattice energy, , of RbN3(s) is 636 kJ mol1.

Suggest why the lattice energy of NaN3(s), 732 kJ mol1, is more exothermic than that of
RbN3(s).

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 11]

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3 Iron has atomic number 26.

(a) Complete the electronic configuration for the iron atom and the iron ion in the +3 oxidation
state.

iron atom [Ar] ................................................

iron ion in the +3 oxidation state [Ar] ................................................

[2]

(b) Fe3+ can act as a homogeneous catalyst in the reaction between peroxodisulfate ions (S2O82)
and iodide ions.

(i) What is meant by a homogeneous catalyst?

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Write an equation for the overall reaction between S2O82(aq) and I(aq).

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Suggest why, in the absence of a catalyst, the activation energy for this reaction is high.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Write two equations to show how Fe3+(aq) ions can catalyse the reaction between
S2O82(aq) ions and I(aq) ions.

equation 1 ...........................................................................................................................

equation 2 ...........................................................................................................................
[2]
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(c) Iron(III) oxide can be reduced to iron metal using carbon monoxide at a temperature of 1000 C.

Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g) H o = 43.6 kJ mol1

Some relevant standard entropies are given in the table.

substance Fe2O3(s) CO(g) Fe(s) CO2(g)

S o / J K1 mol1 +90 +198 +27 +214

(i) What is meant by the term entropy ?

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the standard entropy change, S o, for this reaction.

S o = ............................. J K1 mol1 [2]

(iii) Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change, G o, for this reaction at 25 C.

G o = ............................. kJ mol1 [2]

(iv) Suggest why a temperature of 1000 C is usually used for this reaction, even though the
reaction is spontaneous (feasible) at 25 C. Explain your answer.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 13]

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4 (a) Explain why compounds of transition elements are usually coloured.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Copper is used to make alloys such as brass. The percentage of copper in a sample of brass
can be determined by dissolving the sample in concentrated nitric acid and reacting the mixture
with potassium iodide. The resulting solution is then titrated.

A 1.75 g sample of the brass was dissolved in excess concentrated nitric acid.

The reaction of the copper metal in the brass with the concentrated nitric acid released a brown
gas and formed a green-blue solution.

(i) Write an equation for this reaction.

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

The resulting solution was neutralised and made up to 250 cm3 in a volumetric flask with distilled
water.

An excess of aqueous potassium iodide was added to a 25.0 cm3 portion of this solution to
liberate iodine.

The resulting solution required 22.40 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm3 aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution
to react with the iodine produced.

The reactions taking place in this titration are shown.

2Cu2+ + 4I 2CuI + I2

I2 + 2S2O32 2I + S4O62

(ii) Calculate the percentage of copper, by mass, in the sample of brass to three significant
figures.

% of copper = ............................. [4]

[Total: 9]
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5 The phosphate buffer system operates in biological cells. The buffer contains dihydrogen phosphate,
H2PO4, which acts as a weak acid.

H2PO4 + H2O HPO42 + H3O+

(a) Write an expression for the Ka of H2PO4.

Ka =

[1]

(b) (i) Explain what is meant by the term buffer solution.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Write two equations to show how a solution containing a mixture of H2PO4 and HPO42
acts as a buffer.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) The pH in many living cells is 7.40.

H2PO4 + H2O HPO42 + H3O+ Ka = 6.31 108 mol dm3

Calculate the value of [HPO42] / [H2PO4] needed to give a pH of 7.40 in the cells.

[HPO42] / [H2PO4] = ............................. [3]

(d) (i) The H2PO4 ion can also act as a base.

Write an equation to show H2PO4 acting as a base.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The HPO42 ion can also act as an acid.

Write an equation to show HPO42 acting as an acid.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

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6 Oleocanthal, Q, is a natural compound found in olive oil. It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
properties and is thought to have a protective effect against Alzheimers disease.

O
HO
O
Q

(a) Q shows optical and cis-trans isomerism.

On the structure of Q above, circle the functional group that shows cis-trans isomerism and
indicate with an asterisk (*) the chiral carbon atom. [1]

(b) Q can be isolated from olive oil by partitioning between two solvents.

(i) Explain what is meant by the term partition coefficient.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) When 40.0 cm3 of hexane was shaken with 10.0 cm3 of a solution containing 0.25 g of Q in
10.0 cm3 of methanol, it was found that 0.060 g of Q was extracted into the hexane.

Calculate the partition coefficient, Kpartition, of Q between hexane and methanol.

Kpartition = ............................. [2]

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(c) Complete the following table to show the structures of the products formed when Q reacts with
the three reagents.

reagent structure of product(s) type of reaction

excess
Br2(aq)

NaBH4

excess hot
NaOH(aq)

[6]

(d) When a sample of Q synthesised in a laboratory was compared to a natural sample from olive
oil, it was found that the therapeutic activity of the synthetic sample was lower.

Suggest a reason for this.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 12]

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7 (a) Bromobenzene can be prepared from benzene as shown.

Br2
Br
Al Br3

(i) Name the mechanism of this reaction.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Draw the mechanism of this reaction. Include all relevant curly arrows, any dipoles and
charges.

[4]

(b) Two isomeric aromatic compounds, V and W, each contain three functional groups, two of
which are shown in the table.

O
Br Br NH
O
NH
CH3
CH3
V W

Complete the table with the other functional groups present in V and W.

substance functional groups present

V bromo group aryl (benzene) group ............................

W bromo group aryl (benzene) group ............................

[1]

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(c) Compounds V and W can be synthesised from bromobenzene by the following routes.

step 2 PCl 5
Br CH3

R S
step 1 CH3NH2

O
Br Br
NH

CH3
step 3 V

step 4 CH3COCl
Br NO2 Br NH
O

T CH3
W

(i) Suggest reagents for each of the steps 1 4.

step 1 ..................................................................................................................................

step 2 ..................................................................................................................................

step 3 ..................................................................................................................................

step 4 ..................................................................................................................................
[4]

(ii) Deduce structures for R, S and T and draw their structural formulae in the boxes. [3]

(d) (i) Draw the structures of the two organic products from the reaction of V and W with LiAl H4.

product from V product from W

[2]
 15

(ii) Name the type of reaction occurring between LiAl H4 and V or W.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) V and W can be hydrolysed using hot HCl (aq).

(i) Draw the structures of the two organic products of the hydrolysis of W.

Br NH
O HCl (aq)
+
heat
CH3
W
[2]

(ii) The products formed from the hydrolysis of W are soluble in aqueous acid, whereas a
precipitate, X, is formed on hydrolysing V.

Draw the structure of compound X.

X
[1]

(iii) Suggest why X is insoluble in water.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 20]

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8 Compound F is a carboxylic acid.

(a) Compound F contains 31.4% oxygen by mass and its mass spectrum has a molecular ion
peak at m / e = 102.

Use all of this information to show that the molecular formula of compound F is C5H10O2.
Show all your working.

[1]

(b) There are four possible structural isomers of C5H10O2 that are carboxylic acids.

(i) The first isomer has been drawn.

Draw the skeletal formulae of the three other structural isomers.

OH

isomer 1 isomer 2

isomer 3 isomer 4
[2]

(ii) State the systematic name of isomer 1.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(c) F is one of the four structural isomers in (b)(i). A carbon-13 NMR spectrum of F is shown.

180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

/ ppm

(i) Use the spectrum to identify isomer F. Draw its structure in the box below.

F
[1]

(ii) Use the Data Booklet and your knowledge of carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy to identify the
environments and hybridisations of the carbon atoms responsible for each of the three
absorptions.

environment of hybridisation of
/ ppm
the carbon atom the carbon atom

27

41

179
[2]

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(d) G is another of the four structural isomers in (b)(i). The proton NMR spectrum of G is shown.

12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
/ ppm
(i) Use the Data Booklet and the spectrum to complete the table below.

The actual chemical shifts for the four absorptions in G and the splitting pattern at
= 1.6 ppm have been added for you.

/ ppm type of proton number of protons splitting pattern

0.9

1.6 multiplet

2.4

11.5
[4]
(ii) Deduce which isomer is G and draw its structure in the box.

G
[1]
(e) Name or give the formula of a suitable solvent for obtaining a proton NMR spectrum.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 13]