I.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
1. Series of synchronous hydraulic generators are suitable for
minihydro powerplant to supply electrical energy for
machinery and lighting. This series of generator can also be
used as a diesel generator.
2. This generator system adopts a static excitation system with a
silicon controller.
3. The generator circuit, according to construction, is classified
to :
a. SFW horizontal
b. SF vertical
4. Normal operating conditions of generator is :
a. The engines locations at altitudes above sea level are no
more than 1000 meters.
b. The highest temperature of the ambient air cooling does
not exceed 40C
c. The locations should be free of chemical corrosive gases
d. This should be installed in a sheltered room
e. It is necessary to fit the low voltage arresters for protect
this machine from lightning.

II. CHARACTERISTICS
The terminal voltage of the generator circuit is constant and the
generator operates continue.
1. The terminal voltage of the generator can excitation reliably,
due to the residual magnet.
a. When the engine load is varies from zero to load and the
power factor is full change in 0.7 0.9, static voltage
regulation of the generator in 5% (error due to
temperature change from cold to hot)
b. On a sudden increase and a sudden load reduction, the
excitation system can follow quickly and steady operation.
For example, it can start the asynchronous motor directly,
capacity corresponding to 70% of generating capacity ( If
the single capacity of the asynchronous motor is over 50
kW, the starting equipment required)
2. The silicon controller is provided in the generator circuit. This
can improve the operation of the generator and then plant can
operate on a regular basis satisfying in various conditions.
a. The no-load terminal voltage generator can be set in the 85
110% *at rated frequency
b. Different setting ranges can be provided if needed.
3. Operating in parallel with other generators or connecting to
the grid in parallel, the generator can operate continously and
reactive power distribution as well meet the requirements.
III. INSTALLATION
1. The generator should be installed in place which is clean, dry,
well ventilated, its base sturdy and comfortable for
maintenance
2. When generator and prime mover are combined, both their
alignments should be checked accurately, to avoid vibration
and warp from the machine while it is running
3. When the generator and prime mover are in the drive belt, the
generator should be installed on the base rails that might be
adjustable for convenience to set the tight of belt
4. When lifting the generator should remove the cover and use
four eyebolts, with angles at 2 eyebolts not greater than 90.
Not allowed to lift the generator directly with a string around
the extension axis. Otherwise, the generator damage will
occur

IV. OPERATION
Preparation before operation :
1. Clean the dust, check all the locking parts whether they
loosen or down, carefully check the air intake and engine
outlet for make sure everything
2. Ring and brush mounting must be steady, ring surface should
be clean, pressure of brush should be stored at 200-500
grams per square centimeter and the brush should be make a
good contact with ring surface
3. Check the grease bearing if it is corrupt (This does not require
a checking if not more than 6 months after generator made)
4. Check the installation of generator whether regular and
stable, if combined with the prime mover able to run well. The
rotate the rotor slowly by hand, it must follow freely without
abnormal sound.
5. Measure the isolation resistance of the coil :
Measure isolation resistance between each winding and
ground with megger 500 V. Isolation resistance should not be
lower than 1 M at room temperature. (It should not be lower
than 0.4 M at 75 C)
If measuring the solation resistance between windings, it must
be taken from all cables. When the isolation resistance of the
coil lower than the specified value, it is necessary for the
machine to be dry, the following drying process can be
adopted according to different conditions:
 Drying with hot air : Let the hot air flow through the
internal parts from the generator, the temperature of hot
air is between 90-150 C
Drying by feeding the direct current into the coil : Let it
direct current with a value of 60-80% of the rated value of
the current generator past stator and rotor windings. When
the current passes through the rotor windings, silicon
controlled to designing static pull should be disconnected.
When the current flows through stator winding, winding
must be connected in the open delta. Make sure that hte
winding temperature does not exceed the maximum
allowed value of the isolation class.
Dry by putting an electric heater in the base basin below of
installation, cover generator with canvas or board and
recognizing enough air to flow so that moisture can be
expelled. In the meantime ensure that the generator is not
too hot.
Connect the generator terminal that marked with a
grounding to the wire reliable ground.
6. Operating experiment :
After careful inspection, the generator can be tried to run on
no-load condition. Meanwhile all the circuits are running and
all switches must be opened. Start the prime mover until it
reaches the speed value. Check if there is any impact and
sound is normal or not, whether it vibrates excessive? Is there
a part that is too hot? Etc. If there are no special features,
leave the generator without run-load for 2-3 hours. Watch the
temperature rise from bearing not exceeding 55 C, and
observe is the contact between brush and slip ring are in a
good state or not. If any abnormal condition should stop
running and looking for the causes.
7. Start a single generator operation :
a. All switches are connect the generator with this circuit is to
all open
b. Resistor voltage setting of silicon must be in position 2 or 3
c. Start the prime mover until the generator reaches the
speed value. Press gentle the pull buttons from pull
devices. Generator build a voltage with its residual fieald.
When the generator raeches a speed value, set the resistor
voltage settings to make the no-load voltage should be the
rated value of the generator name plate
d. Located on the switch connecting circuit, increase the load
gradually. While the generator keeps the value of speed,
 change the voltage of the generator must be in the value
of the various regulations voltage.
e. Resistor setting need to be done frequently
8. Stops the generator in a single operation :
a. Reduce prime mover speed
b. Turn off the switch that connected with circuit. (must be at
no-load operated)
c. Press gentlethe turned off buttons
d. Stop the prime mover
9. Getting started and set up in parallel operation :
a. All the second switches connect the generator and the bus-
bar must open
b. Resistor voltage setting at postition 2 or 3
c. Let the prime mover run at rated speed. Press the
excitation button and set the resstor voltage to make the
no-load voltage is rated speed
d. If the generator has not been in parallel operation or when
after repair, check whether the phase sequence of the
generator is the same as that in the bus-bar
e. Set the frequency of the generator to the same as that of
the bus-bar. According to synchronization, set the resistor
voltage settings to make the terminal voltage generator
the same as that of the bus-bar. When the phase voltage of
the generator becomes the same as that of the busbar,
then close the switch that connecting them (which is
inserted into the network).
f. By increasing the output power of the prime mover,
increase the output power on. By increasing the resistor
coil voltage setting, increase the output of current.
10. Stopping the reactive generator in parallel operation
with another generator:
a. Decrease both theactive and reactive power load generator
gradually
b. When the stator current from the generator closes to zero
or the minimum value, turn it off switch between generator
and bu-bar quickly. Press gently exctiontion-exciting button
c. Stop the prime mover

V. MAINTENANCE
1. Collecting Ring Maintenance
The surface of the collecting ring should be smooth, clean,
and there is no trace of scratches or burn. If something is
dirty, it may be polished with a light down cloth inside fuel. If
the surface is beginning and becomes coarse, it may be
polished with NO.00 fine sand paper. If the surface is severely
damaged, surface lathe, process lathe on the surface, coils
 must be covered to be protected. After the lathe, Spray copper
prets with compressed air.
2. Brush Maintenance
There should be good contact and should have suitable
intermediate pressure surface brush and colecting ring. If the
brush is damaged / eroded it should be changed with the
same specification. Then put a piece of fine sand paper
between the brush and the collecting ring to rub the brush
along the direction of the rotation to get good contact
between them. Brush should be installed properly and not
deviate. Otherwise, it can cause usage only on one side.
3. Bearing Grease
If the generator has not been used for a long time, before
working, should be checked whether the grease bearing is in
good condition or not. If it breaks or compacted, washed with
oil or gasoline. New lubricant that matches the spec put in the
bearing cavity about - 2/3 of capacity, not too many. The
bearing grease specification is ZGN-1 lubrication grease of
calciumsodium base or ZL-3 grease of lithium base for this
series of generators.
4. Note the parameters that arise such as noise, temperature
and vibration during run the generator. Copy the reading of
various meters and temperature, at a time which is fixed, and
write down any unusual features that appear in the run,
checks and improvements. During run of the generator, it is
not allowed to put something unnecessary on the generator or
in front of the entrance or exit from the ventilation system to
avoid blocking the vents from accident.
5. When the generator will be on stand for a long period of time,
the following should be done for maintenance:
a. Check carefully, clean up all problems appear.
b. Close tight every window plane to prohibit dust into the
generator.
c. Blow dust collected, clean with fabric on collecting ring
surface.

VI. PROBLEMS AND CAUSES

1. Overheating Bearing :
a. The quality of bearing grease does not meet specifications.
b. There is a unusual substance in the bearing oil or grease
that is damaged inside run length.
c. The surface of a broken steel ball or roller bearing, the
bearing ring is split.
d. The main axis is bent or incorrectly installed.
e. Loose screw base.
 f. This is due to the vibrations of the prime mover.
2. Vibration generator :
a. When the main generator and mover are directly
combined, the central path are not aligned well. When the
belt is used for transmission, incorrect belt wheel attached.
b. The main axis is bent.
c. The generator frame or foundation is not strong enough.
d. The rotor losses balance.
e. Loose screw base.
f. This is due to the vibrations of the prime mover.
3. Failure of isolation :
a. The resistance of the insulating material is too low, the
ambient air is wet or temperature changes are too high,
causing steam condensation on surface isolation material
and then wet isolation materials, isolation materials
impregnated acid, alkali and other gases, reduced
resistance.
b. The generator is too hot, or it's been hot in too long and
isolation midified.
c. The voltage is too high.
4. Splash under brush :
a. Bad contact between the brush and the slip ring, the
weakness of the spring brush, rudeness and the dirtiness of
the slip ring surface, Round loss of slip ring, etc
b. Brushes do not match what is needed.
c. Brush too tight or too loose.
d. The air is too wet, or contains alkaline acids or gases.
e. Generator overloading
5. Overheating generator :
a. Overloading generator
b. Short-circuiting, or two grounded terminals.
c. The air circulation path is choking.
d. The ambient temperature is too high.
e. Speed is too low
6. Generator can not give current and voltage too low :
a. The remaining magnet is too low (voltage below 2% of the
value is rated at speed is assessed). So it can not start to
produce. In order to restore residual magnet, DC source of
3-6volts, such as dry cells or storage batteries need to be
connected to the L1 terminal, L2 connecting board.
b. Speed is too low
c. Incorrect brush and slip ring contact or terminal is not
tightened.
d. The coils are broken, short-circuit to each other or
grounded.
e. Broken coil stator, or short-circuit phase.
f. The wrong silicone controller.
 7. The voltage from the generator is too high
a. High speed
b. The terminal voltage phase of the generator is not the
same as the input terminal from pull device rectiformer
c. silicon controller are broke
8. The output voltage of the generator is not normal, the voltage
regulation is too large or the generator voltage falls
immediately in the load increase.
a. The phase sequence of the generator terminal voltage is
not the same that the input terminals from reciformer pull
device.
b. silicon controller arebroke
9. The operation is unstable as long as the generator is run
parallel
a. There is modulation difference silicon controller.
b. The value of the modulation difference is too less, so
maybe increase this resistance value from the potentio-
modulated meter.
c. The polarity of the current transformer Ulating the mod-
difference of silicon is controlled device pulls static
reversed.
d. The prime mover speed is unstable.
e. Variations of load is too large or network quality is bad.

VII. SEARCH AND REPAIR

In order to ensure the generator runs normally and to eliminate
difficulties at the beginning, it is necessary to check and repair
the generator periodically. This is normal performed partial
checks and repairs every three months, and all
Examination and repair once a year.
Items of periodic checks:
1. Clean the internal parts of the generator thoroughly.
2. Measure the stator and rotor isolation resistance with a 500 V
megger, to make it dry.
3. If the slip ring surface becomes rough, it should be sharpened
on the lathe. For honing, adopting an effective way to inhibit
copper particles entering the electrical carrying part. For
example, magnetic field windings, etc.
4. Check the magnetic field coil, whether the shape is modified
or not, the terminal is loosened or not.
5. Check the vent fan, whether it is solid or not.
6. Check all the tightening elements, whether they are very
tight.
7. Check for isolation materials, whether it degraded or
damaged.
8. Check all the parts that carry the electricity, whether it is in
good contact, or loosening tightening elements.
9. Clean the pads with gasoline fill them with fresh oil, change
them with a new one, if necessary.

After all the checks and repairs, the generator should once again
be checked and
Then incorporated into the proceeding of the proceedings as
referred to in
Paragraph .
Note the following during checks and fixes:
1. Keep the dismounting parts carefully in the box, so as not to
disappear or broken.
2. Mark each section when dismounting. During installation reset
put in its original position one by one without error.
3. When the Bearing cover is released, place a few sheets of
clean paper up bearing and bearing cover. Do not let the rest
of the dust on them.
4. Pair the Bolt Cover step by step. Tighten together.
5. At the front and rear end there is a hole with a screw, which
serves to remove the cover, remove the screw from the hole,,
and the cover will be pushed out gradually, do not knock with
a hammer as it will destroying sharp edges.
6. If it is necessary to remove the magnetic pole and fan, it
should be made a proper sign on them so that equilibrium will
not be when reassembled.