rESr coDE 02120010

FORM TP 2006205 MAY/JUNE 2006

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

UNIT 1: ECOLOGY, PEOPLE AND NATURAL RESOURCE USE

PAPER 01

t hour 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

l. This paper consists of T\ilELVE questions'

2. AnswerALLquestions.

3. Write your answers in this answer booklet in the spaces provided.

4. The use of a non-programmable calculator is allowed'

Copyright @ zO{04- Caribbean Examinations Council @

All rights reserved.
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MODULE 1

AnswerALL questions.

1. Figure I illustrates the water cycle. Each of the letters A and C represents a process occurring in
the cycle.

Figure 1. The water cycle

(a) With reference to Figure l, identify

(i) ProcessA

(ii) Process C.

[2 marks]

O) State the source of energy that drives the water cycle.

[1 mark ]

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(c) Outline EACH of the processes identified in (a) above. In your response, indicate how the
source identified in (b) above drives EACH Process.

Process A -

Process C -

[6 marks]
Total9 marks

2. (a) Define the terms:

(i) Biotic Potential

[2 marks]

(ii) Environmental resistance

[2 marks]

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(b) Outline, citing ONE example, how biotic potential and environmental resistance interact to
maintain populations within the canying capacity of an ecosystem.

[3 marks]

Total7 marks

3. (a) Explain, using an appropriate example, the interaction that occurs in the following feeding
relationships.

(i) Commensalism

[3 marks]

(ii) Mutualism

[3 marks]

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(b) Distinguish between'predation' and'parasitism'.

[2 marks]

Total8 marks

Outline the impact of humans on EACH of the following components of a natural ecosystem

(a) Abiotic

[3 marks]

(b) Biotic

[3 marks]

Total6 marks

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MODULE 2

Answer ALL questions.

5. Figure 2 shows the population profile of two countries'

4|n 300200 r00 0 100 200 300 400 100 0 100

Country A million Country B

Figure 2. PoPulation Profile

(a) State TWO differences between the population profile of Country A and Country B.

[2 marks]

o) (i) predict which country will have the faster growing population in the future.

ll mark I
(ii) Explain your answer in (b) (i) above.

[3 marks]

Total6 marks

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6. The urban population in developing countries increased from 22Vo in 1960 to 4l%o in 2000.

(a) State THREE reasons for the growth in urban population in developing countries.

[3 marks]

(b) Outline TWO ways in which urban populations impact on biogeochemical cycles.

[6 marks]

Total9 marks

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7. Figure 3 depicts a model representing the relationship between poverty level and population growth
in a poor country.

f_r
grorrth

v
population
Rapid

-
!
PovertY
level

Figure 3. Poverty level - population growth model for a poor country

Do you agree with the relationship suggested by Figure 3? Justify your answer.

Total7 mal*s

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B. At the beginning of the year 2000, the population of Country A was 2,400,000. The demographic
statistics for the population at the end of the year are presented in Table l.

TABLE 1: DEMOGRAPHIC STATISTICS OF COUNTRY A

Population Parameter Demographic Statistics

Birth rate 24 per thousand
Death rate 4 rrer thousand
Number of immigrants 100

Number of emigrants 1r00

(a) Calculate the percentage increase of the population during the year 2000.

[6 marks]

(b) At thepresent rate of growth, in what year will the population size double?

[2 marks]

Total8 marks

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MODULE 3

Answer ALI- questions.

9. (a) Name TWO natural ecosystems found in the Caribbean.

[2 marks]

(b) Outline the benefits to society of the TWO ecosystems named in (a) above.

[6 marks]

Total S marks

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10. (a) List THREE demographic characteristics of a population that influence its rate of
exploitation of natural resources.

[3 marks]

(b) For any TWO of the characteristics listed in (a) above, outline how EACH affects natural
resource use.

[6 marks]

Total9 marks

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11. (a) Distinguish between 'species depletion' and 'species extinction'.

[3 marks]

O) State FOUR causes of species depletion or species extinction.

[4 marks]

Total T marks

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12. (a) Describe the method of cultivation practised by the majority of indigenous peoples.

[3 marks]

(b) Explain why the method described in (a) above is considered to be sustainable.

[3 marks]

Total6 marks

END OF TEST

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