hat is the ground distance covered in the climb?

5 Multi-engine Piston Aeroplane (MEP)

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5 Multi-engine Piston Aeroplane (MEP)
Answers to Climb Examples
1. Refer to CAP 697 Figure 3.1
Given: Airfield at MSL OAT +20C
Climb to FL120 OAT -10C
What is the fuel, time and distance covered in the climb?
F T D
10 19 34
With a 35 kt tailwind; what is the ground distance covered in the climb?
45 NGM
2. Refer to CAP 697 Figure 3.1
Given: Airfield at 4,000 ft OAT +0C
Climb to FL140 OAT -20C
What is the fuel, time and distance covered in the climb?
F T D
FL140 12 22 39
4000 ft 4 6 11
Difference 8 16 28
With a 40 kt headwind; what is the ground distance covered in the climb?
17 NGM
MEP 1-Range at Standard Temperatures
(CAP 697 Figure 3.2)
Two values of air range can be extracted, with either 45 MIN. RESERVE FUEL AT 45
% POWER
(left-hand side of graph) or WITH NO RESERVE (right-hand side of graph).
NB. On the top right side of the graph is a power phrase to percentage translati
on. Eg. Economy
power is 65%.
You also should correct the air range in accordance with the notes at the top le
ft-hand side of
the graph. The corrections are to add 1 NM for every degree above ISA and subtra
ct 1 NM for
every degree below ISA.
Remember range is affected by wind so you might have to convert NAMs into NGMs.
If this
occurs you will be given a TAS and a Wind Component to apply the NAM/NGM = TAS/G
S
formula.
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Multi-engine Piston Aeroplane (MEP) 5
Multi-engine Piston Aeroplane (MEP)
Range Examples
3. Refer to CAP 697 Figure 3.2 Range with reserves Range no reserve
Given: Economy @ FL100 ISA
Given: LRC @ FL140 ISA
Answers to Range Examples
3. Refer to CAP 697 Figure 3.2 Range with reserves Range no reserve
Given: Economy @ FL100 ISA 760 850
Given: LRC @ FL140 ISA 930 1040
MEP 1-Cruise Power Setting and Fuel Flow
(CAP 697 Figure 3.3)
Power settings are expressed as 75% (HIGH SPEED), 65% (ECONOMY), 55% AND 45% (LO
NG
RANGE). TAS is extracted from the SPEED POWER table, figure 3.4.
Enter the table with the required % power to obtain fuel flow in US.gal/h
For example: Economy Power (65%) has a fuel flow of 23.3 US.gal/h. Given a time
let us say of
2 hours 30 minutes you can work out a trip fuel of 58.25 US.gal.
The manifold pressure is read off against pressure altitude and rpm in the corre
ct % power
column
Note that, for example, 75% power and a fuel flow of 29.0 GPH should be achieved
at FL60 at:
33.4 inHg @ 2500 rpm, or
32.2 inHg @ 2600 rpm.
Also, that the fuel flow decreases as power decreases, thus giving greater range
and endurance.
To correct for temperatures different from ISA:
For each 6C above ISA, add 1% to tabulated manifold pressure.
For each 6C below ISA, subtract 1% from tabulated manifold pressure.
Unlike the SEP power graphs the TAS is NOT extracted here, so a separate graph i
s provided for
you to get your TAS.
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5 Multi-engine Piston Aeroplane (MEP)
MEP 1-True Airspeed
(CAP 697 Figure 3.4)
This graph is used to obtain the TAS for the various temperature, altitude and %
power setting
combinations in the cruise configuration.
Examples of extraction of TAS
4. Refer to CAP 697 Figure 3.4 TAS
Given: High Speed@ FL120 ISA
Given: Economy @ FL120 ISA
Given: LRC @ FL120 ISA
Given: Economy @ FL80 OAT +20C
Given: Economy @ FL80 OAT -20C
Answers to TAS Extractions
4. Refer to CAP 697 Figure 3.4 TAS
Given: High Speed @ FL120 ISA 183
Given: Economy @ FL120 ISA 178
Given: LRC @ FL120 ISA 146
Given: Economy @ FL80 OAT +20C 176
Given: Economy @ FL80 OAT -20C 166
MEP 1-Endurance
(CAP 697 Figure 3.5)
The endurance in hours can be obtained either with the 45 MIN. RESERVE FUEL AT 4
5% POWER
(left-hand side of graph) or WITH NO RESERVE (right-hand side of graph)
Endurance Examples
5. Refer to CAP 697 Figure 3.5 Safe Endurance Total Endurance
Given: High speed @ FL100
Given: Economy @ FL100
Given: LRC @ FL100
Answers to Endurance Examples
5. Refer to CAP 697 Figure 3.5 Safe Endurance Total Endurance
Given: High speed @ FL100 3.6 h (3:36) 4.1 h (4:06)
Given: Economy @ FL100 4.5 h (4:30) 5 h
Given: LRC @ FL100 6.4 h (6:24) 7.2 h (7:12)
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Multi-engine Piston Aeroplane (MEP) 5
Multi-engine Piston Aeroplane (MEP)
MEP 1-Descent Fuel, Time and Distance
(CAP 697 Figure 3.6)
This table works in the same way as the climb table in that one entry will give
the fuel, time
and distance to descend from a pressure altitude (FL) to MSL. If the destination
airfield is not at
MSL, then a second entry is needed to extract data for a hypothetical descent fr
om airfield FL
to MSL. This data is subtracted from the former to give the actual descent fuel,
time, distance.
Descent Example
6. Refer to CAP 697 Figure 3.6
Given: Descend from FL120 OAT -20C
To airfield at 4000 ft OAT +0C
What is the fuel, time and distance covered in the descent?
F T D
FL120
4000 ft
Difference
With a 20 kt headwind; what is the ground distance covered in the descent?
Answers to Descent Examples
6. Refer to CAP 697 Figure 3.6
Given: Descend from FL120 OAT -20C
To airfield at 4,000 ft OAT +0C
What is the fuel, time and distance covered in the descent?
F T D
FL120 4 12 32
4000 ft 2 4 10
Difference 2 8 22
With a 20 kt headwind; what is the ground distance covered in the descent?
19 NGM
5 Multi-engine Piston Aeroplane (MEP)
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5 Multi-engine Piston Aeroplane (MEP)
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