FLUID MECHANICS

Module 1: INTRODUCTION
Part 1: Properties of fluids
1. If the velocity distribution over a plate is given by u= (2/3) y - y2 in which u is the velocity in
meter per second at a distance y metre above the plate, determine the shear stress at y=0m
and y=0.15m. Take dynamic viscosity of fluid as 8.63 poises.
2. A plate, 0.025mm distant from a fixed plate, moves at 60cm/s and requires a force of 2N per
unit area i.e. 2N/m2 to maintain this speed. Determine the fluid viscosity between the plates.
3. A flat plate of area 1.5 X 106 mm2 is pulled with a speed of 0.4m/s relative to another plate
located at a distance of 0.15mm from it. Find the force and power required to maintain this
speed, if the fluid separating them is having a viscosity of 1poise.
4. Determine the intensity of shear of an oil having viscosity = 1poise. The oil is used for
lubricating the clearance between a shaft of diameter 10cm and its journal bearing. The
clearance is 1.5mm and the shaft rotates at 150rpm.
5. Calculate the dynamic viscosity of the oil, which is used for lubrication between a square
plate of size 0.8m X 0.8m and an inclined plane with angle of inclination 30o as shown in
figure 1. The weight of the square plate is 300N and its slides down the inclined plane with a
uniform velocity 0.3m/s. The thickness of oil film is 1.5mm.
6. Two horizontal plates are placed 1.25cm apart, the space between them being filled with oil
of viscosity 14poises. Calculate the shear stress in oil if upper plate is moved with a velocity
of 2.5m/s.
7. The space between two square flat parallel plates is filled with oil. Each side of the plate is
60cm. the thickness of the oil film is 12.5mm. The upper plate, which moves at 2.5m per sec
requires a force of 98.1N to maintain the speed. Determine:
a. The dynamic viscosity of the oil in poise
b. The kinematic viscosity of the oil in stokes if the specific gravity of the oil is 0.95
8. Find the kinematic viscosity of the oil having density 981kg/m3. The shear stress at a point in
oil is 0.2452 N/m2 and velocity gradient at that point is 0.2 per second.
9. Determine the specific gravity of a fluid having viscosity 0.05poise and kinematic viscosity
0.035 stokes.
10. Determine the viscosity of a liquid having kinematic viscosity 6 stokes and specific gravity
1.9.
11. The velocity distribution for flow over a flat plate is given by u = (3/4) y y2 in which u is
the velocity in meter per second at a distance y metre above the plate. Determine the shear
stress at y = 0.15m. Take dynamic viscosity of fluid as 8.6 poises.
12. The dynamic viscosity of the oil, used for lubrication between a shaft and sleeve is 6 poises.
The shaft is of diameter 0.4m and rotates at 190rpm. Calculate the power lost in the bearing
for a sleeve length of 90mm. The thickness of the oil film is 1.5mm.
13. If the velocity profile of a fluid over a plate is a parabolic with the vertex 20cm from the
plate, where the velocity is 120cm/sec, calculate the velocity gradients and shear stresses at a
distance of 0, 10 and 20cm from the plate, if the viscosity of the fluid is 8.5 poises.
14. A Newtonian fluid is filled in the clearance between a shaft and a sleeve. The sleeve attains a
speed of 50cm/s, when a force of 40N is applied to the sleeve parallel to the shaft. Determine
the speed if a force of 200N is applied.
15. A 15cm diameter vertical cylinder rotates concentrically inside another cylinder of diameter
15.10cm. Both cylinders are 25cm high. The space between the cylinders id filled with a
 liquid whose viscosity is unknown. If a torque of 12 Nm is required to rotate the inner
cylinder at 100rpm, determine the viscosity of the fluid.
16. A vertical cylinder of diameter 180mm rotates concentrically inside another cylinder of
diameter 181.2mm. Both the cylinders are 300mm high. The space between the cylinders is
filled with a liquid whose viscosity is unknown. Determine the viscosity of the fluid if a
torque of 20Nm is required to rotate the inner cylinder at 120rpm.
17. Two large plane surfaces are 2.4cm apart. The space between the surfaces is filled with
glycerine. What force is required to drag a very thin plate of surface area 0.5 square metre
between the two large plane surfaces at a speed of 0.6m/s, if:
a. The thin plate is in the middle of the two plane surfaces
b. The thin plate is at a distance of 0.8cm from one of the plane surfaces.
Take the dynamic viscosity of glycerine as 8.10 X 10-1 Ns/m2
18. A vertical gap 2.2cm wide of infinite extent contains a fluid of viscosity 2 Ns/m2 and specific
gravity of 0.9. A metallic plate 1.2m X 1.2m X 0.2cm is to be lifted up with a constant
velocity of 0.15m/sec, through the gap. If the plate is in the middle of the gap, find the force
required. The weight of the plate is 40N.
19. Determine the bulk modulus of elasticity of a liquid, if the pressure of the liquid is increased
from 70N/cm2 to 130N/cm2. The volume of the liquid decreases by 0.15 percent.
20. What is the bulk modulus of elasticity of a liquid which is compressed in a cylinder from a
volume of 0.0125m3 at 80N/cm2 pressure to a volume of 0.0124m3 at 150N/cm2 pressure?
21. The surface tension of water in contact with air at 20oC is 0.0725N/m. The pressure inside a
droplet of water is to be 0.02N/cm2 greater than the outside pressure. Calculate the diameter
of the droplet of water.
22. Find the surface tension in a soap bubble of 40mm diameter when the inside pressure is
2.5N/m2 above atmospheric pressure.
23. The pressure outside the droplet of water of diameter 0.04mm is 10.32N/cm2 (atmospheric
pressure). Calculate the pressure within the droplet if surface tension is given as 0.0725N/m
of water.
24. Calculate the capillary rise in a glass tube of 2.5mm diameter when immersed vertically in (a)
water and (b) mercury. Take surface tensions as 0.0725N/m for water and 0.52N/m for
mercury in contact with air respectively. The specific gravity for mercury is given as 13.6 and
angle of contact 130o.
25. Calculate the capillary effect in mm in a glass tube of 4mm diameter, when immersed in (a)
water and (b) mercury. The temperature of the liquid is 200C and the values of the surface
tension of water and mercury at 200C in contact with air are 0.073575 N/m and 0.51N/m
respectively. The angle of contact for water is zero and that for mercury 1300. Take density of
water at 200C as equal to 998kg/m3.
26. The capillary rise in the glass tube is not to exceed 0.2mm of water. Determine its minimum
size, given that surface tension for water in contact with air = 0.0725N/m.
27. Find out the minimum size of glass tube that can be used to measure water level if the
capillary rise in the tube is to be restricted to 2mm. Consider surface tension of water in
contact with air as 0.073575N/m.
28. An oil of viscosity 5 poises is used for lubrication between a shaft and sleeve. The diameter
of the shaft is 0.5m and it rotates at 200rpm. Calculate the power lost in oil for a sleeve length
of 100mm. The thickness of oil film is 1mm.
Part 2: Pressure and its measurement
1. A hydraulic press has a ram of 30cm diameter and a plunger of 4.5cm diameter. Find the
weight lifted by the hydraulic press when the force applied at the plunger is 500N.
2.