SULIT

BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

ASSIGNMENT 1
SSI3013 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SCIENCE IN TECHNOLOGY
DATA LOGGER
Semester 2, Session 2016/2017

Students Details
Group Id.:
Students Name Students Number
1. NORKHAIRI ILIAYANA BINTI SABRI D20141067090
DATA LOGGER
2. CHE NUR ARISSA MUNIRA CHE ZULKIFLE D20162075685
3. SITI NUUR AQILAH MOHAMAD NAWI D20162075667
A data logger is also known as a data recorder. It is an electronic instrument that
records measurements at set intervals over a period of time. Data logging is use in measuring
and recording of physical or electrical parameters over a period of time. It is widely used in a
variety of applications such as in-vehicle data logging, environmental monitoring, structural
health monitoring, and machine condition
Lecture monitoring. They are based on digital processor or
Groups Details
computer. The measurements are including air temperature, relative humidity, AC or DC
Lecturer Lecture Group
current and voltage, differential pressure, time-of-use, light intensity, water temperature, water
level, dissolved
ENCIKoxygen,
AZMI soil
BIN moisture,
IBRAHIM rainfall, wind speed and direction, Bleaf wetness, pulse
signals, room occupancy, and plug load. These are all depending on the particular data logger.
Data loggers are generally small, portable, compact, battery-powered devices equipped with
an internal microprocessor, internal memory for data storage, and sensors. They can be
deployed indoors, outdoors, and underwater, and can record data for up to months at a time,
unattended. A data logger may be a single-unit, stand-alone device with internal sensors,
which fits in the palm of a hand, or it may be a multi-channel data collection instrument
equipped with one or more external sensors. There are two ways of interfacing data logger.
Some are by using a personal computer, and use software to activate the data logger. It then
will be viewed and analyzed the collected data. While others have a local interface device
which is a keypad and LCD that can be used as a stand-alone device.

USES OF DATA LOGGER

Data loggers are used in a broad range of fields whether indoors, outdoors, underwater
and even temperature-control environment. Some of them are used to measure and record are
temperature, relative humidity, equipment runtimes, light use, AC Current, DC Current, AC
Voltage, DC Voltage, weather station such as wind speed or direction, solar radiation,
hydrographic recording such as water level, water depth, water flow, water pH, and water
conductivity, soil moisture level, gas pressure, offshore buoys for recording a variety of
environmental conditions, road traffic counting, measuring variations in light intensity,
process monitoring for maintenance and troubleshooting applications, process monitoring to
verify warranty conditions, wildlife research, measuring vibration and handling shock such as
drop height, environment of distribution packaging, tank level monitoring, motor racing
monitoring of relay status in railway signaling, load profile recording for energy consumption
management, power use for heating and air conditioning efficiency studies, water level
monitoring for groundwater studies, and digital electronic bus sniffer for debug and
validation.

Other example of data logger uses in daily life includes weather stations, and traffic
flow systems. These systems all work 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and only stop
occasionally for maintenance work. Data logging systems can work in almost all locations,
including many where humans cannot operate safely, e.g. the bottom of the sea, or inside a
nuclear reactor. Data logging systems can be used to provide feedback to control systems that
operate other devices. A greenhouse might have a system to monitor temperature that also
controls the heaters or ventilation.

Data logger and sensors used in experiment can motivate and increase interest of
pupils and teachers to learn and teach sciences. This is because data loggers automate the
production of graphs in experiments. A live graph display offers immediate feedback such that
changes can be monitored and technique adjusted. Data logging was usually a demonstration
activity that took place around other work.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DATA LOGGER

There are many advantages of using data logger whether in teaching and learning
practice or in other fields. The most important impact is the use of data logging system in
experiments had a positive impact on pupils confidence with ICT. Instead, it is also positive
to note that the teachers felt that the use of sensors allowed learning for pupils at their own
pace and speed, which would allow for better education in classes where there are more
advanced students alongside students who require more time to grasp difficult concepts. This
data logger can be carried out 24 hours a day. It can be used in remote or dangerous situations.
Time intervals for collecting data can be very frequent and regular. For example, it can be
hundreds of measurements per second. It is also can be set up to start at a time in the future. A
person to present is not needed. There is no human error in data logging so it is often to be
more accurate. No missed readings because they are taken automatically. Hence, mistakes are
not made in reading the results. Data is processed faster and it is cheaper as no one has to be
paid to take the readings. Readings can be taken at exactly the right time. Unlike humans, it is
quite easy to misread the temperature using the scale on a thermometer. Data logging devices
can be sent to places that humans cannot easily get to. For instance, it can be sent to the planet
Mars, into the bottom of a volcano, or onto a roof of a tall building to get to a weather station.
Graphs and tables of results can be produced automatically by the data logging software. Data
logger are also can be used in hazardous environments such as at nuclear power stations.

It also gives out disadvantages and it will happen if the data logging equipment breaks
down or malfunctions, some data could be lost or not recorded. Equipment used can be
expensive even for a small task. It is only take readings at the logging interval which has been
set up. If something unexpected happens between recordings, the data will not be collected.
We could be taking the wrong readings if sensors are not carefully calibrated. The equipment
could break down or give us false readings. Cost of communication systems can be high as if
the equipment needed can be complicated and expensive.

EXPERIMENT OF THE EFFECT OF CATALYST ON RATE OF REACTION

1) ENGAGING PHASE
 Figure 1 Figure 2

Based on the two figure displayed, students are ask to guess what the pictures is about
and they also are asking for brainstorming about the similarity and the differences
between the two pictures. The similarity between the two pictures is both are example the
horse races and the differences between both picture are the level of challenges, the road
the stamina of the horses. In figure 1, it shows that the race was held at a track where there
is not challenging at all except for winning in the first place. While in figure 2, it shows
like marathon horse races with no track and quite challenging into the woods, water and
up to the hills. Back to our experiment, catalyst is the substance that speeds up a chemical
reaction, but is not consumed by the reaction and it can be recovered chemically
unchanged at the end of the reaction it has been used to speed up, or catalyze.

2) EMPOWER PHASE

Empower phase is the second phase in teaching and learning practices. Students need to
construct the ideas and concept about momentum by carrying out an experiment. The
following are the details of the experiment carried out.

TITTLE:

The effect of catalyst on rate of reaction.

OBJECTIVE:

To study the effect of a catalyst on the rate of reaction.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:
How does a catalyst affect the rate of reaction?

HYPOTHESIS:

When the amount of a catalyst used increases, the rate of reaction increases.

PROCEDURES:

1. 50cm3 of Hydrogen Peroxide was measured by using the graduated cylinder

2. The mass of the 230ml beaker was weighted with the scale measure and numerical
value was recorded.

3. 25cm3 of Hydrogen Peroxide poured into the 250ml beaker and the scale the mass was
weighted again. The beaker kept on the scale throughout the entire experiment.

4. 0.2g of Potassium Iodide sample was prepared by using the weigh paper and the scale

5. The 0.2 g of Potassium Iodide was started by put it into the beaker with Hydrogen
Peroxide and as soon as it is in the beaker start the time

6. The mass of the beaker was measured with its contents every 10 seconds until the total
time hits 220s.

7. Steps 5-6 was repeated for a second trial

8. Steps 1-7 was repeated for the masses 0.4g, 0.6g, 0,8g and 1.0g of Potassium Iodide.
APPARATUS :

250ml beaker
50cm3 Graduated Cylinder
0.2g,0.4g,0.6g,0.8g,1g Potassium Iodide
Hydrogen Peroxide (25cm3)
manganese(IV) oxide
1 scale
Weigh paper
Pressure Sensor
Computer
Test tube rack

RESULTS:

Initial rate of reaction vs. Amount of catalyst

Amount of catalyst+ 0.0005g Rate of reaction (g/s) + 0.0500

0.200 0.0010
0.400 0.0021
0.600 0.0033
0.800 0.0056
1.000 0.0058
1.200 0.0058
Table 1
 Graph 1
DISCUSSION:

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction, but is not
consumed or changed by the reaction. A catalyst works by reducing the activation energy
needed to initiate and sustain the reaction. For example, two molecules of hydrogen peroxide
can react to form two molecules of water and one molecule of molecular oxygen gas by the
following reaction:

2 H2O2 (aq) 2H2O(I) + O2(g)

At room temperature, this reaction occurs very slowly because few of the collisions
between hydrogen peroxide molecules have sufficient energy to activate the reaction.
Furthermore, commercial hydrogen peroxide solutions, such as the 3% hydrogen peroxide
solution sold in drugstores and the 6% solution sold by beautician supply stores, are treated
with stabilizers (sometimes called negative catalysts) that increase the activation energy for
the reaction, further inhibiting it from occurring.

When you add catalyst to the solution of hydrogen peroxide, the effect is immediately
evident. The solution begins bubbling, as oxygen gas is evolved. Numerous substances can
catalyze the reaction of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen gas, including many metal
oxides such as manganese dioxide, but the efficiency of catalysts varies. One of the most
efficient catalysts for hydrogen peroxide is the enzyme catalase.

In this experiment, well measure the reaction rate of the catalyzed reaction of
hydrogen peroxide by adding a fixed amount of catalase enzyme to measured samples of
hydrogen peroxide. After allowing the reaction to continue for measured periods of time,
well stop the reaction by adding sulfuric acid to denature the catalase and then titrate the
resulting solutions with a dilute solution of potassium permanganate to determine how much
unreacted hydrogen peroxide remains in each sample.

QUESTIONS:

1. What are catalysts?

A catalyst is a substance which speeds up a reaction, but is chemically unchanged at the

end of the reaction. When the reaction has finished, you would have exactly the same mass of
catalyst as you had at the beginning

2. How do catalysts speed up the rate of reaction?

A catalyst provides an alternative route for the reaction with lower activation energy. It
does not lower the activation energy of the reaction. There is a subtle difference between
the two statements that is easily illustrated with a simple analogy.

3. How does pressure affect the rate of chemical reaction?

Increasing the pressure on a reaction involving reacting gases increases the rate of reaction.
Changing the pressure on a reaction which involves only solids or liquids has no effect on the
rate.

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, the presence of a catalyst will affects the rate of chemical reaction. Different
types of catalysts affect the rate of chemical reactions to different degrees. The rate of
evolution of oxygen gas increases when manganese(IV) oxide is added tohydrogen peroxide.
This proves that manganese(IV) oxide act as a catalyst and speeds up the decomposition of
hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen . The hypothesis is accepted.

3) ENHANCE PHASE

In enhance phase, is the phase where the students thinking of what is going on right
now. So, from the experiment the student will questioned themselves on how, what and why.
Here they have been in to the constructive learning. In this 21 st century of teaching our
ministry wants the teachers to have a student-centered learning process. We can use problem-
based learning for the activity.

Problem-based learning is a constructivist educational approach that organizes

curriculum and instruction around carefully crafted ill-structured problems. It is guided by
the teachers acting as a cognitive coaches, and the students develop critical thinking, problem
solving, and collaborative skills as they identify problems. They will formulate hypotheses,
conduct data searches, perform experiments, formulate solutions and determine the best fit
of solutions to the conditions of the problem. Problem-based learning also enables students to
embrace complexity, find relevance and joy in their learning, and enhance their capacity for
creative and responsible real world problem solving.

In this phase they also will think about the others factors that can effect on rate of
reaction. There are a few more factors that will affect the rate of reaction. The rate of a
reaction can be measured by the rate at which a reactant is used up, or the rate at which a
product is formed. The temperature, concentration, pressure of reacting gases, surface area of
reacting solids, and the use of catalysts, are all factors which affect the rate of a reaction.
Chemical reactions can only happen if reactant particles collide with enough energy. The
more frequently particles collide, and the greater the proportion of collisions with enough
energy, the greater the rate of reaction.

When you raise the temperature of a system, the molecules bounce around a lot more.
They have more energy. When they bounce around more, they are more likely to collide. That
fact means they are also more likely to combine. When you lower the temperature, the
molecules are slower and collide less. That temperature drop lowers the rate of the reaction. If
there is more of a substance in a system, there is a greater chance that molecules will collide
and speed up the rate of the reaction. If there is less of something, there will be fewer
collisions and the reaction will probably happen at a slower speed. Pressure affects the rate of
reaction, especially when you look at gases. When you increase the pressure, the molecules
have less space in which they can move. That greater density of molecules increases the
number of collisions.

CONCLUSION
 In conclusion, Data loggers help in better understanding of scientific experimentation.
Other than that, the used of data logger for determine the state of matter can get specific and
accurate data reading that might not be accurate due to parallax error when it is done
manually. Data logger is an attractive data acquisition system that is used in many
applications.