dLee Kirshenboim

Stasis Grid
Inquiry Questions:
Can antibiotic resistance be controlled?
How should the antibiotics crisis be dealt with?
What is the best solution to the antibiotic resistance crisis?

Source and Authors Categorical (Does Definitional (Is X Causal (Does X Evaluational (Is it Action (What Jurisdiction (Who
Source Type Information X exist?) a Y?) cause Y? Is Y a good or bad? Fair should be done is responsible?)
(popular, scholarly, result of X?) or unfair? Harmful about X?
trade, gov.) or beneficial?)

Popular- New York Aaron Carroll- 15 out of 18 of the Everytime we use New antibiotics are Funding should be Users are the
Times American largest antibiotics, we a public good, not directed towards problem beucase
pediatrician and pharmaceutical increase the chance necessarily an area prevention, bacterial resistance
Create new drugs professor of companies no for resistant strains for private reward. infection control stems from
pediatrics at longer produce to develop, thus and managing overuse.
Indiana University antibiotics due to making large antibiotics use
School of the growing companies stay along with
Medicine. Medical resistance. As a away from creating convincing large
journalist and result, we can see new drugs. companies to
writer for the New that antibiotic produce new drugs.
York Times. resistance is .
stunting economic Example:
growth in the NIH received $100
medical industry. for research.

2. Popular- The Ed Yong- British Scholar and Bacteria and other When large Improve sanitation, Developing
Atlantic science journalist microbiologist microbes have pharmaceutical global surveillance countries are
Newspaper with a degree in Laura Piddock is become impervious companies race to network, reduce responsible for
zoology from quoted to explain to antibiotics. sell their products antibiotics in sparking the
Improve public Cambridge the severity of it encourages agriculture, better, economy without
health University. Writes antibiotic inflated supply and faster, cheaper creating new
for the Atlantic, resistance. demand. Too many diagnostic tools, medicines. The
The New York people bought public awareness G20 countries
Times, Science antibiotics but do campaign, could raise this
Direct and many not need, thus alternatives sum on their own
more. hesitation to (vaccines), market by repurposing just
produce new entry reward. 0.05 percent of
things. their healthcare
budget.
3. Scholar- Science Ramanan The cost of dealing This is both a Increased Non-perscription
Direct Journal: The Laxminarayan- with resistant social and resistance is a antibiotics is
Lancet Infectious Ramanan bacteria increases economic problem. result disease common in many
Diseases Laxminarayan with time. Travel and global transmission. LMCI. Focus on
directs the Center Ex: the cost to treat trade allows Especially in areas ensuring that
for Disease an ear infection has disease to transmit of poor sanitation people who truly
Antibiotic Dynamics, gone up by 20% faster. and hygiene, global need antibiotics
Stewardship Economics & beucase dealing travel, trade. Such have access, while
Policy. He is also a with this bacteria a, Egypt, India and discouraging
Senior Research requires more care. Pakistan. unnecessary use.
Scholar and
Lecturer at
Princeton
University

4. Scholar- New Barbara E. Murray- Staphylococcus Resistance will Haemophilus Prolonged, Humans are in
England Journal of Hold a medical aureus becomes lead to higher influenzae vaccine repetitive courses control of breaking
Medicine. degree from resistant to mortality rates, is one of the most of antibiotics for their habits.
University of Texas vancomycin there more diseases and successful colds should be
Rationing Medical School. will be few or even neurological interventions discouraged.
Nationally and no ways to cure it damage in against resistance. Try to prevent
internationally children, especially Progress is being people from
recognized expert in developing made, but public buying over the
in antibiotic nations where health systems may counter antibiotics.
resistance, exposure is more require time and
enterococci and common. money.
bacterial
pathogenesis.

5.Scholar- Roseann Velez- Approximately Inappropriate This crisis should Health care
Journal of Clinical Professor at the three-quarters of prescribing causes have more providers can
Nursing University of adults in the USA clinical failure, attention from the improve
Maryland School are inappropriately adverse effects, leaders in the prescribing
Antibiotic of nursing. Focuses prescribed cross- medical, security, practices.
stewardship research in antibiotics contamination, public health and
antibacterial financial burden economic fields.
resistance. and death

6. Popular- Maryn McKenna- When the United 13 of the largest CDC disclosed that Result of the UN Governments will
National American Author Nations gathered antibiotic makers [certain diseases meeting concludes initiate programs
Geographic and Journalists. they called changed their have]... taken a that governments within their
Maryn McKenna Mostly writes for antibiotic business plans to dramatic turn create programs counties, but as a
National resistance, the reduce overuse. towards becoming within their global network the
Antibiotic Geographic and greatest and most Big corporations untreatable. countries to stop UN sees
Stewardship was spoke at the urgent global risk. understand that misusing themselves as the
2015 TEDx Talks overuse is directly antibiotics. reason that things
conference. related to are getting done.
increasing
resistance.

7. Popular- Simon Howard- Resistance has With repeated The natural Overarching goal:
Editorial in Science Public Health been and is a threat exposure over Darwinian process Prevent the spread
Magazine Officer in Dept. of to all modern time, bacteria will of evolution of resistance.
Health London, medicine. grow resistant to explains the Efforts:
Public health UK. Alexander Fleming whatever development of prevention and
Sarah Hopwood- saw it as a threat environment it is resistance. control,
Secretary to the when he in. surveillance and
Chief Medical discovered Unable to find a monitoring,
Officer in London, penicillin. balance between stewardship and
U.K. Sally C. limiting antibiotics conservation
Davies- Sally C. and allows access
Davies is the Chief for those who
Medical Officer for really need it.
England.

8. Popular- Popular Maryn CARB-X looks to The problem is that McKenna claims Often times the Increase incentive CARB-X and other
National McKenna small biotech firms there is no no new drugs are result of for creating new large biomedical
Geographic -American Author for new antibiotics alternative drug due to no fiscal pharmaceutical drugs. sponsors should
and Journalists. rather than big and bacteria is incentive, hence company creations provide more
Create new drugs Mostly writes for corporations. growing more the BARDA are unsuccess incentive and
National $350 million are resistance (Boston because they base funding.
Geographic and budgeted to University) has this new drug off
was spoke at the convince partnered with the of old antibiotics,
2015 TEDx Talks pharmaceutical government. which develop
conference. companies to resistance even
create new drugs faster.
Government
program is good
beucase it makes
people see
progress.

9. Scholar- Journal Bin, Younis Bilal 30% antimicrobials This problem is Injustice Antibiotic
of Young Rozina, Arshad are prescribed mainly seen in prescription and stewardship
Scientists. Junaid, Masood unnecessarily developing use of antibiotics is programs should be
 Saima, Khurshid without any countries where the main reason for used to minimize
Antibiotic Farhan, Nazeer clinical evidence they do not have the growing the unnecessary
Stewardship Maham, Tahira- of infection in the resources or antibiotic use of antibiotics
Many of Pakistans countries such as tools to assure this. resistance.
premier health pakistan.
practitioners.

10. Scholar- The Sujith J. Chandy, Problem of Good! This Raise awareness Individual
Indian Journal of Joy Sarojini resistance caused workshop resulted and encouragement hospitals should
Medical Research Michael, Balaji the ICMR to in Antibiotic about antibiotic take part in these
Veeraraghavan, develop a ASPIC Guidelines manual stewardship by trainings. The
O.C. Abraham, program to educate based on the local holding workshops ICMR (Indian
Antibiotic Sagar S. Bachhav and brainstorm antimicrobial like these Council of Medical
Stewardship & Nilima A. about antibiotics resistance pattern Research)
programs Kshirsagar - resistance among sponsored this
Authors hold different fields in a ASPIC workshop.
positions in the hospital in India.
Office of National
Chair in Clinical
Pharmacology,
Indian Council of
Medical Research,
Mumbai, India

11. Scholar- World Braine, Theresa - According to the Increased amount These infections It is bad that we are Should look to GlaxoSmithKline,
Health Bulletin Graduate of 2008 study, every of deaths shows prove to be a unable to provide investigate in: Novartis,
Journalism from year at least 25,000 how important it is challenge beucase any new drugs but Private public AstraZeneca,
Creating new drugs Columbia patients in the to come up with a due to the good that people partnerships Merck and Pfizer
University. Editor European Union new drug and to increasing are looking Scientific are some of the big
from Indian alone die from an conserve the old resistance its towards furthering discovery companies to name
Country Today infection caused by antibiotics. proving to be just incentives. Economic who should be
multidrug-resistant as hard to conserve Example: incentives proposing more
bacteria. The old antibiotics researchers at. alternatives to
challenge is while GlaxoSmithKline, antibiotics.
conserving our old simultaneously Novartis, Additionally,
antibiotics while creating new ones. AstraZeneca, involving the
simultaneously Merck and Pfizer, government, in
still had active terms of funds and
antibacterial public- private
discovery partnerships, would
programs in 2008. have a significant
GlaxoSmithKline impact on the
 is on the track to progress.
another discovery
right now.

12. Scholar- Alex Broom- , Pharmacists play Pharmacists are not Tensions between Goal of study: Interprofessional
BMC Health Stefanie Plage, so little of a role in the gatekeepers! doctors and Alter doctors relations can only
Research Services Jennifer Broom, the antibiotic They are more pharmacists often behavior, be solved by the
Emma Kirby and resistance crisis specialized in cause wrong pharmacists are the two opposing
Antibiotic Jon Adams- All beucase they find it drugs, whereas prescriptions to be experts at drugs. parties: doctors and
Stewardship graduates from hard to intervene doctors are produced. Define who the pharmacists.
School of Social once a prescription specialized in the real gatekeeper
Sciences, The is written, despite medical field as a of antibiotics is.
University of New years of education whole.
South Wales and the role they
are guaranteed.

13.Scholar- The Edward Stenehjem, A 2016 study Variability in usage Implementing National
Journal of Clinical Adam L. Hersh and revealed that there in prescription benchmarking Healthcare and
Infectious Diseases Xiaoming Sheng. is no pattern in means that there is systems is critical Safety Network as
Medical Directors antibiotics use in no way to take to identify the well as the Center
Rationing for Antibacterial small community specific steps in hospitals that are for Disease Control
Stewardship at hospitals. minimizing using more are responsible for
Intermountain antibiotics use antibiotics than pushing forward
Hospital. necessary. these Antibacterial
Stewardship
programs.

14. Scholar- Nils Daulaire, Universal access to If there were a Rich countries Feasible public
Journal of Law, Abhay Bang, the same effective uniform global data should set aside health systems will
Medicine and Gran Thompson, antibiotics will system in place, we earmarked funds to come from support
Ethics. Joan N. Kalyango, neutralize the rate would them be able assist in assuring from governments
and Otto Cars. of resistance. to monitor a universal effective around the world.
Public Health Senior Visiting neutralize access for the poor
Scholar on Global antibiotics. as part of a global
Health Security at grand bargain that
the Norwegian in turn helps to
Institute of Public protect the
Health in Oslo, continued
Norway. Director effectiveness of
of SEARCH in these drugs for all
Gadchiroli, India.
15. Scholar- Muhammad Umair Multidrug There is a large In a 2015 study in Pharmacists should
Research Article Khan, Mohamed resistance is misuse of Malaysia it was be responsible for
Azmi Ahmad estimated to result antibiotics in found that even dispensing and
Antibiotic Hassali, Akram in about 96,000 developing nations some pharmacists monitoring
Stewardship Ahmad- deaths in Southern but minimal efforts dont understand antibiotics to
Practitioners in Asia. are in place since the efforts that contain the
Pakistan. The importance of pharmacists do not need to take place resistance,
pharmacists in this understand their to practice especially in
crisis. role in the countries where
antibacterial people are more
resistance crisis. prone to infectious
disease.