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RESOLUO DE EXERCCIOS SOBRE LIMITES DE FUNES, DERIVADAS DE

FUNES E APLICAO DE DERIVADAS

Por:

ASSANE SUALE OSSUFO

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Calculodelimites
I.
( x+1)2
1. lim 2
x x +1

1
1+
x
x

2




2
lim 2
( x +1 )
x x +1
||

= lim
x

x 25 x+ 1
2. lim
x 3 x +17
=
||
2
x 5x 1
2
+ 2+ 2
x x x 1
lim =lim =
x 3 x 17 x 0
2
+ 2
x x

3. lim
x
1000 x
=
x 217 ||
x (1000) 1000 1000
lim = lim = lim =lim 0=0
x 17 x x x x
x ( x )
x

2 x 2 +2 x +3
4. lim
x x 38 x +5
= ||
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2 3
x 2 (2+ + 2 )
x x 2 2
lim = lim =lim =lim 0=0
x 2 8 5 x x x
x (x + 2 ) x
x x

( 2 x+3 )2 ( 3 x2 )2
5. lim
x x 2+ 5
= ||

( 2 x )2 ( 3 x )2 2
4x 9x
2
36 x
4 2 2
x (36 x ) 36 x
2
63
2
+
lim =lim =lim =lim =lim lim =lim = lim + =+
x
2
x +5 x
2
x +5 2
x x +5 x 2 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x
x ( 1+ 2 )
x

x 24
6. lim 2
x 2 x 3 x +2
=
0
0||
(x2)( x+ 2) ( x+ 2) 4
= lim =lim =lim 4=4
( x2 ) (x1) x 2 ( x1) x 2 1 x 2
lim
x 2

x 25 x +10 52 55+10 10
7. lim 2
=lim 2
=lim =lim =
x 5 x 25 x 5 5 25 x 5 0 x 5

x 22 x
8. lim 2
x 2 x 4 x + 4
=
0
0||
x (x2) x 2
lim =lim =lim =
x 2 ( x 2)(x2) x 2 (x2) x 2 0

x 2( a+1 ) x+ a 0
9. lim
x a x2 a3
= ||
0
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( xa ) ( x1) x 1 a1 a1 a1
lim =lim 2 =lim 2 =lim =
x a ( xa )( x +ax +a ) x a x +ax +a x a a + aa+a x a 3 a2 3 a2
2 2 2 2

10. lim
x 0
x +11 = 0
3 x +11 0 ||
Seja x+ 1=k 6 0+1=k 6 k= 6 1 k =1

lim
k 6 1 =lim k 31 =lim ( k1 ) (k 2+ k +1) =lim k 2 +k +1 =lim 1+1+1 =lim 3 = 3
3 6
k 1 k 1
2
k 1 k 1 k 1 ( k1 ) ( k +1) k1 k +1 k 1 1+1 k 1 2 2

11. lim
x a xa |0 |
x a = 0

( x a ) ( x + a)
=lim =lim =lim =
(xa) 1 1 2 a a a a
lim =lim =lim =lim
x a ( xa ) ( x + a) xa ( xa ) ( x + a) x a x + a x a 2 a x a 4 a x a 2a x a 2 a 2 a

12. lim
x 1
||
x1 = 0
3 x1 0

6
Seja x=t6 t= 1 t=1 onde m , m, c ( 23 )=6

lim t6 1 =lim t3 1 =lim ( t1 ) (t 2+t +1)=lim t2 +t+ 1 =lim 3 = 3

3 6
x 1 t 1
2
x 1 t 1 x 1 ( t1 )(t+1) x 1 t +1 x 1 2 2

13. lim
x 4
3 5+x 0
=
1 5x 0 ||
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1 ( 4x ) (1+ 5x) 1
=lim lim
3+ 5+ x x 4 ( 1 5x ) (1+ 5x ) x 4 ( 4x ) (1+ 5x )
3+ 5+=lim lim
x 4 ( 4x) x 4
1
=lim
1+ 5 x
= lim
3+ 5 +x x 4 3 + 5 +x 1 1
x4 =
3 3

4x
lim
15x x 4
( 3 5+ x ) (3+ 5+ x )
=lim
( 1 5x ) (3+ 5+ x ) x 4
lim

sen x
14. lim =1 emtrigonometria este umlimite notavel
x 0 x

15. lim
x 0
sen 3 x 0
x
=
0 ||
3 sen 3 x sen 3 x
lim =lim lim 3=lim 3=3
x 0 3x x 0 3 x x0 x0

16. lim
x 0
sen 5 x 0
=
sen 2 x 0 ||
1 5 xsen5 x 2x 1 5x 5 5
lim sen 5 x lim =lim lim =lim 5 x lim =lim =lim =
x 0 x 0 sen 2 x x 0 5x x 0 2 xsen 2 x x 0 x 0 2 x x 0 2 x x 0 2 2

17. lim
x 1
senx
=
sen 3 x 0
0
||
1 xsenx 3 x x 1 1
lim senx lim =lim lim =lim =lim =
x 1 x 1 sen 3 x x x x x 1 3 xsen3 x x 1 3 x x 1 3 3

x +1 x
18. lim (
x 2 x +1
=
)
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1
2+
x
1
x (1+ )
x 1
x
lim x 2
x
=lim
x
() 2
=lim 0=0
x

lim
x

x 0 0
x +2 0+ 2 2
19. lim
x 0 3x
( )
=lim
x 0 30
=lim
x 0 3
=lim 1=1
x 0
( ) ()
2
x
x 2 +2
20. lim 2
x 2 x +1 ( ) || =

[ ]
lim x
2 2 x

x (1+ 2 )
x 1
lim
x 2 1
x (2+ 2 )
= lim
x
()
2
= lim 0=0
x

senx senx
x 22 x+ 3 x2 2 x +3 3 1 3
( ) ( ) ()
lim
x x
21. lim 2 =lim 2 x 0
=lim =
x o x 3 x +2 x 0 x 3 x +2 x 0 2 2

ln ( 1+ x )
22. lim =1 porque umlimite notvel ou podese tambem escrever
x0 x

1 1
1
lim ln ( 1+ x )=lim ln (1+ x ) x =lim ( 1+0 )0 =|1|
x o x x 0 x 0

ln [ e ]=ln (e )=ln e =ln e=1

1 x
lim (1+ x1) lim
x 0 x x0 x 1

23. lim
x0
ln ( cos x ) 0
x
=
0 ||
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[ ] [ ] [ ] [
2
1 1
]=ln
1 senx 1 1
lim ( cos x1 ) lim
1 2 2 lim 2 2

lim 2 ln ( cos x )=lim ln ( cos x ) x =ln lim ( cos x ) x = ln ( 1 )=ln e x

=ln e cos x+1 x =ln e 2
x 0 x 0 x0

x 0 x x 0 x0

24. lim
x0
( 1x ln 1x
1+ x
)=|00|
1

[ ( )]
1

lim ln
x 0
( ) 1+ x x
1x
=ln lim
x 0
1+ x
1x
x
=ln ( 1 )

ln [ e
lim
x 0
( 11+ xx 1) 1x ]=ln [ e lim ( 1+x1x1 x ) 1x ]=ln
x 0
[e lim
x 0
( 1+ x )2 ( 1x )2
x 1x ( 1+ x+ 1x ) ]=ln [e lim
x0
1+ x1 +x
x 1 x ( 1 +x+ 1 x )
]=ln [e lim
x 0
2x
x 1x ( 1+ x+

e x 1 0
25. lim
x x
=
0 ||

( e x 1 )
lim
=lim e x =lim 1=1
x 0 (x) x0 x0

O limite acima colocado (ex:25) umlimite notvel que igual a 1

a x 1 0
26. lim
x0 x
=
0 ||

( a x 1 )
lim
=lim a x ln x=lim a0 ln 0=lim 1=1
x 0 x x 0 x 0 x 0

II. Continuidade de funes

2
1. y =x
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( x+ x )2x 2 ( x )2+ 2 x x+ x2 x2 x 2 +2 xx x ( x +2 x )
lim = lim = lim = lim = lim 2 x=2 x
x 0 x x 0 x x 0 x x 0 x x 0

2 2
lim 2 x =2 a
uma funo definida x R ou seja x a
2
Como se pode v y =x sendo

aR

2 2
Observamos que 2 a a R representa um no real. Nesta ordem de ideia implica que y=x

continua em todo R .

{
2
x 4
2. f ( x )= x2 ; x 2
p ; x=2

Para que a funo seja continua no ponto x=2 necessrio que:

lim f ( x )
1: x 2

f ( x )= lim (x)
+
x 2 f ( x ) = f

x2
2 :lim

Assim para o efeito tem-se:

x 24 0
lim f ( x ) =lim
x 2 x 2 x2 0
= ||
( x2 ) ( x+2 )
lim =lim x+ 2=lim 4=4
x 2 ( x 2 ) x 2 x 2

Para que f ( x ) seja continuo necessrio que f ( 2 )=4 ou p=4

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x2
3. y=
x 2

x2 22 4
lim =lim =lim =lim =
x 2 x2 x 2 0 x 2 0 x 2

Portanto esta funo descontinua ponto x=2 ou seja continua em R {2} .

1+ x 2 2
4. lim = lim =
x 1 x+1 x 1 0

Portanto esta funo descontnua no ponto x=1 , sendo assim continua nos restantes

pontos de R .

5. y =
7+ x 3
; Df x R { 2 }
x 24

lim
x 2
7+ x3 = 0
x2 4 |0 |
( 7+ x )232 7+ x9 ( x 2 ) 1 1 1
lim =lim =lim =lim =lim =
x 2 ( x2 ) ( x+2 ) ( 7+ x ) x 2 ( x2 ) ( x+2 ) ( 7+ x ) x 2 ( x2 ) ( x+ 2 ) ( 7+ x ) x 2 ( x +2 ) ( 7+ x ) x 2 12 12

A funo descontnua no ponto x=2 mas essa descontinuidade eliminvel, um ponto de

descontinuidade eliminvel ou seja removvel.

lim 7+ x3 = lim 52 = lim 53 =

x 2 x 24 x 2 44 x2 0

a funo descontinua no ponto x=2 , portanto

Portanto esta funo descontnua nos pontos x= 2 ou contnua em todo R { 2 }

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x x x
5. y = x< 0 =1; parax >0, =1 logo :
| x| ; |x| |x|

x x
lim =1 lim =1
x 00 |x| x 0+ 0 |x|

lim f ( x )=1 lim f ( x ) =1

x 00 x 0+0

x
Para x=0 a funo no definida. Assim a funo f ( x )= descontinua no ponto x=0
|x|

6. y=ln ( cos x )

lim ln cos x=ln lim cos =ln ( 0 )=
x

x
2
2 2

Esta funo descontnua no ponto

x=

2 ou seja contnua em {

R +2 k
2 }
7. Os pontos de descontinuidade classificam-se da seguinte maneira:

Ponto de descontinuidade eliminvel ou removvel

lim f ( x ) maso lim f ( a ) f ( a ) isto a funo f ( x ) no esta definida no ponto

x a xa

x=a .

x
Ex : y=
|x|

Ponto de descontinuidade irremovvel ou no eliminvel

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Ex : y=
7+ x3
; y=ln ( cos x )
x2

Diz-se descontinuidade eliminvel da 1a espcie ou salto da 1a espcie se:

x a+ f ( a )
x a f ( x ) lim

lim

lim f ( x ) mas
x a

Diz-se descontinuidade da 2a espcie ou salto da 2a espcie se um dos limites laterais

infinito.
Tem o ponto de descontinuidade indeterminado se pelo menos um dos limites laterais no
existe.

III. Derivadas
5 3
1. y =x 4 x +2 x+ 3

' '
y ' =( x 5 ) ( 4 x 3 ) + ( 2 x )' + ( 3 )'
y' =5 x 4 12 x 2 +2

1 1
2. y= x + x 20,5 x 7
4 3

1 ' 1 ' ( 2 )' ( 7 )'

y'= () ( )
4
x + x x y'=
3
1
3
+2 x3,5 x 6

3. y= x

'
' ' ' x 1
( )
y = x y = y'=
2 x 2 x

a
4. y= 3
x2
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'
( x 2 ) 2 x 21 a 4 x 2
3 2 '
a
a ( x )
3
3 x3 2
3
a ' 3x a 4 x 2 4 a x2 x (
y'=
( )
3 2
x
y'= 3 2 y'=
( x 2) ( 3 x 2)
2
y' = 2
( 3 x 2 )
y'=
2
( 3 3 x ) ( 3 x 2 )
y'= 3
3x x 4
y'=
x(

5. y =5 senx+3 cosx

y ' =( 5 senx )' + ( 3 cosx )' y ' =5 cosx3 senx

5. y =tg xcotg x

1 1 1 1
y ' =( tg x )' ( cotg x )' y ' = 2
+ 2
y'= +
cos x sen2 x
2
cos x sen x
( sen 2 x ) ( cos 2 x )

( sen2 x ) + ( cos2 x ) 1
y'= 2 2
y'= 2 2
sen x cos x sen x cos x

6. y=arc tg x+ arc cotg x

1 1
y ' =( ar tg x )' + ( ac cotg x )' y ' = 2
2
y ' =0
1+ x 1+x

7. y =xarcsenx

x
y ' =( xarcsenx )'
y ' =x' arcsens+ x ( arcsenx)' y ' =arcse nx +
1x 2

8. y=( x1 ) e x

' '
y ' =[ ( x1 ) e x ] y ' = ( x 1 )' e x + ( e x ) ( x1 ) y ' =e x + ( x1 ) e x

y ' =e x + x e x e x y ' =xe x

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x
9. y=sen3 5 x cos2
3

x ' '
x x
(
y ' = sen 3 5 x cos 2
3) '
y ' =( sen 3 5 x ) cos2 + sen3 5 x cos2
3 3 ( )
'
x x x x
'
y ' =3 sen2 5 x ( sin3 5 x ) cos2 +sen 3 5 x 2 cos sin 2
3 3 3 ( )( )
3

x x x 1
y ' =3 sen2 5 x cos 3 (5 x )5 cos 2 + sen3 5 x 2 cos sen 2

3 3 3 3 ( )
x 2 x x
y ' =15 sen2 5 x cos 3 5 x cos 2 sen 3 5 x cos sen2

3 3 3 3

x x 2 x
y ' =sen 2 5 x cos

3 (
15 cos2 5 x cos sen 5 x sen2
3 3 3 )
x8
10. y = 4
8 ( 1x 2)

4 '
( x 8 ) 8 ( 1x 2 ) x 8 [ 8 ( 1x 2 ) ]
' ' 4
'
y=
[ x8
8 ( 1x )2 4 ] y= '

[ 8 ( 1x ) ]
2 4
2

4 3 4 3
' 8 x 7 8 ( 1x2 ) x 8 32 ( 1x2 ) (2 x ) ' 64 x 7 ( 1x2 ) +64 x 9 ( 1x 2 )
y= 8

y= 3 5
64 ( 1x 2 ) 64 ( 1x 2) ( 1 x2 )

2 3
64 ( 1x ) [ x ( 1x ) + x ]
7 2 9
' ' x 7 ( 1x 2 ) + x 9

y= 3 5
y= 5
64 ( 1x2 ) ( 1x 2 ) ( 1x2 )

1
11. y= sen ( x 2)
2
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'

[ 1
] 1 1 2x
' '
y'= sen ( x 2) y ' = [ sen ( x 2 ) ] y ' = cos ( x 2 ) ( x 2 ) y'= cos ( x 2 )
2 2 2 2

y ' =x cos ( x 2 )

12. y =7 cos ( x 2 )

'
y ' =7 sen ( x 2 ) ( x 2 ) = y ' =14 x sen ( x 2)

1
13. y = sin3 ( x2 )
2

1 ' 6x
y ' = 3 sen 2 ( x 2 ) cos3 ( x 2 )( x 2 ) y'= sen 2 ( x 2 ) cos 3 ( x 2 )
2 2

y ' =3 x sen 2 ( x 2 ) cos3 ( x 2 )

14. y =
( x7 ) 3

4
8 ( 1x 2)

' ' '

( ( x7 )3) [ 8 ( 1x 2 )4 ] ( ( x7 )3 ) [ 8 ( 1x 2 )4 ]
[ ( x7 )
]
3
' '
y= 4

y= 2
8 ( 1x 2 ) [ 8 ( 1x ) ]
2 4

3 ( x7 )2 [ 8 ( 1x 2 ) ] (
4

( x7 ) ) [ 32 ( 1x
3
) ( 1x 2 ) ]
2 3 '

2 ( x7 )
1
y'=
2
[ 8 ( 1x ) ] 2 4

4 3
3 ( x7 )2 8 ( 1x 2 ) +64 x ( ( x7 )3 ) ( 1x 2) 2 ( x 7 )1
' 2 ( x7 )1

y= 8
64 ( 1x 2 )
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4 3
24 ( x7 )2 ( 1x 2) +128 x ( ( x7 )3 ) ( 1x 2 ) ( x7 )
1
'

y=
128 [ ( x7 ) ( 1x 2 ) ]
1 8

y= '
3
[
384 ( 1x 2 ) ( x7 ) ( 1x 2 ) +8 x ( ( x 7 ) ) ( x7 )
2 3 1
]
128 ( 1x ) 2 3
[ ( x7 ) 1
( 1x ) 2 5
]

' 3 ( x7 )2 ( 1x2 ) +24 x ( ( x7 )3) ( x7 )1

y= 5
( x7 ) 1
( 1x 2 )

15. y =ln ( 3 x+2 )

' ' ( 3 x +2 )'

' 3
y =[ ln ( 3 x+ 2 ) ] y = y'=
( 3 x +2 ) ( 3 x +2 )

16. y =( x2 x3 ) ( 33 x 2)

' ' '

y =[ ( x2 x )( 33 x ) ] y =( x2 x ) ( 33 x )+ ( x2 x ) ( 33 x )
' 3 2 ' 3 2 3 2

y ' =( 16 x 2 ) ( 33 x 2 ) + (6 x ) ( x2 x 3 ) y ' =30 x 4 27 x 2+3

III. Aplicao de derivadas

2
1. f ( x ) =3 x 4 x noponto ( 2 x , 4 y ) 0 0

1.1 A equao da recta tangente

y y 0 =f ' ( x 0 ) ( xx 0 )

f ( x )=3 x 24 x f ' ( x 0 )=6 x4 f ' ( x0 ) =8

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y y 0 =f ' ( x 0 ) ( xx 0 )

y4=8 ( x 2 ) y=8 x 16+4 y=8 x12 Equao de recta tangente .

1.2. Equao de recta normal a curva

1
y y 0 = ( xx 0 )
f ' ( x 0 )

'
Como j foi calculado o f ( x 0 )=8 e o ponto ( 2x , 4 y ) entao:
0 0

1 x 1
y4= ( x 2 ) y= + +4
8 8 4

x 17
y= + equao da recta normal a curva
8 4

3 x +2
2. Estudo completo da funo y=
x5

2.1 Domnio da funo

D . E { x5 0 { x 5 x R { 5 }

2.2 Zeros da funo

y=0

3 x +2 2
=0 3 x+2=0 x=
x5 3

2.3 Monotonia
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' '
3 x+2 3 x+2 ' (3 x +2 ) ( x5 )( 3 x+2 )( x5 )
y=
x 5
y'=
x 5( y'= ) ( x5 )2

3 x153 x2 17
y'= 2
y'=
( x5 ) ( x5 )2

y no tem zeros, ou seja no existem pontos crticos da 1a espcie.

x 5 + Significa que no tem extremos, pois no varia de

sinal no ponto x=5

y
' ND

y ND
2.4 Sinal de funo

x 2 5 +
3

y + ND +

2.5 Pontos de inflexo e sentido da concavidade

'
y= '17
( x5 )[2
= y'=
] 34
( x 5 )3

y ' ' no tem zeros

x 5 +

y'' +

y
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2.6. Assimptotas

AH lim
x
3 x +2
x5
=
||
2
lim
3 x +2
=lim
( x)
x 3+
=lim 3=3
x5 5
x (1 )
x x x

AH =3

3 x +2 17
AV lim =lim =
x 5 x5 x 5 o

AV =5

2.7. Grfico
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2.8. Contradomnio

D' y ; 0 3 ;+

x3
f ( x )=
3. Estudo a funo 2
x 4

3.1 Domnio da funo

Dy . x R x 24 0 x 2

III.2. Zeros
Se y=0
x3
=0 x3=0 x=3
x 24
III.3. Monotonia

x3 ' 1 ( x 24 ) 2 x ( x 3 ) x 2 +6 x4
'
y= 2
x 4 (
'
y=
)( x2 4 )
2
y '
=
( x 24 )
2

y ' =0

2
x + 6 x4
2
=0 y ' =x 2 +6 x4
2
( x 4 )

=b2 4 ac

=3626

=20
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b 6 20
x1 = x 1= x 1=3+ 5 x 2=3 5
2
2a 2
2

x 2 3 5 2 3+ 5 +

y' ND 0 + ND + 0

y ND Min ND Max

Min ( 3 5 ) Max ( 3+ 5 )

3.4 Variao de sinal

x 2 3 5 2 3+ 5 +

y ND + + ND + +

3.5 Pontos de inflexo e sentido da concavidade

'
''
y =
[ x 2+ 6 x4
2
( x2 4 ) ] = y' '=
2 x 2 +6 x 2+ 8 x 24+ 4 x 324 x 2 +16 x
( x 24 )
3

2 x3 18 x 2 +24 x24
y '' = 3
( x 24 )

se y ' ' =0

2 x 318 x 2 +24 x24 2

3 2
x 9 x +12 x12

x 2 2 +
5 5+
33 33
2 2
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y'' ND + 0 ND + 0 +

3.6. Assimptotas

x3 5
AV lim = =
x2 x 24 0

x3 1
lim = =
x 2 x 24 0

AV = 2

AH . lim
x
x3
=||
x 24

3
lim
( x)
x 1
1 1
= lim =lim =0
4 x
x (x )
x x x

AH . y=0

3.7. Grfico
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