International Journal of Advanced Research Foundation
Website: www.ijarf.com (ISSN: 2394-3394, Volume 3, Issue 11, November 2016)
Diagnosis of Diabetic Disorders in Eye
(Retinopathy)
H. Basavasree
B.Tech-Student, IEEE Student Member
Dept.of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Auroras Scientific Technological & Research Academy
bassu4443@gmail.com
Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy is the stage where an eye disorder
caused by diabetes and it was the primary cause of blindness over
99% of cases in India. It is described by the fundus images&
hard exudates & soft exudates. In this paper we present an
efficient method of finding and classifying exudates, detecting
and eliminating optic disk using hough transform. The retinal
image is processed again to eliminate unwanted disturbances.
This thesis includes the knowledge of digital image processing as
well as digital signal processing to find the nature of illness for
diabetic retinopathy. The main moto of this is to differentiate
normal eye and abnormal eye using algorithm and advanced tool
known as graphical user interface based on hard and soft
exudates. This diagnose system is developed to find the fundus
blood vessels & exudates together with certain features using
image processing techniques.
Keywords: fundus, images, graphical user interface, hard
exudates, soft exudates
1. INTRODUCTION
Diabetic retinopathy may be a complication stage of polygenic
disorder that results in the visual defect and may be a late
symptom of advanced diabetic retinopathy, It happens with all
kinds of polygenic disorder. the globe health organization
(WHO) has calculable that diabetic retinopathy is accountable
for four.8% of the various cases of visual defect throughout
the world[1]. Retinopathy is typically occurred owing to the
injury of small vessels within the tissue layer, really the
diabetic patients have high vital sign owing to the high vital
sign the nerves within the tissue layer get cracked, from the
cracked region the blood can flows out and gets clogged that
clogged blood is understood as EXUDATES.
Exudates ar categorized into 2 varieties they are;
Hard Exudates
Soft Exudates
arduous and soft exudates play a awfully major role within
the diabetic retinopathy. These exudates ar detected by
victimisation K-Means algorithmic rule and regions ar
determined by neural network [9]. These exudates ar
differentiated supported the density & size. If the density
of exudates is > two hundred then those ar soft exudates,
11
Kumar K
Sr. Asst Professor
Dept.of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Auroras Scientific Technological & Research Academy
kumar.keshamoni@gmail.com
these ar larger compared to the arduous exudates and a lot of
harmful, if the density of the exudates ar <200 then those ar
arduous exudates, size of those are going to be little and ar less
harmful than soft exudates.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
Nearly five hundredth of the patients United Nations agency
suffers from polygenic disorder for over ten years is suffering
from diabetic retinopathy. For the primary time in history
within the year of 1856 the diabetic macular changes within
the type of chromatic spots was determined by Edward coastal
diving bird within the year of 1876 the proliferative changes
that happens within the diabetic retinopathy and also the
importance of incomplete detachment of tissue layer was
delineate by Wilhelm Manz. Diabetic retinopathy ocular
complication is leading reason behind vision loss round the
world. roughly 5000 cases of visual defect caused by this
malady is reportedly annually in U.S.A.. it's expected that just
about 366 million individuals is also suffering from this
malady by 2030 or the amount is also increased by over this.
This malady additionally initiates moderate, severe vision loss
and new onset of blindness[18]. The symptoms of diabetic
retinopathy don't seem to be familiar in actual United Nations
agency don't cause the right treatment and eventually the
patients tend to new onset of visual defect.
The problem inherent in DR is that the patient isn't conscious
of the malady till the changes within the tissue layer have
progressed to grade that treatment can tend to be less effective.
automatic screening techniques for exudates detection have
nice significance in saving price, time and labor. Image
process techniques for exudates detection will facilitate in
extracting the location[3], size and severity grade of exudates
within the retinal pictures. The screening of diabetic patients
for the event of diabetic retinopathy will cut back the chance
of visual defect by five hundredth. With an outsized variety of
patients, the amount of ophthalmologists isn't spare to deal
with all patients, particularly in rural areas or if the
employment of native ophthalmologists is substantial [2][11].
Therefore, automatic early detection might limit the severity
 International Journal of Advanced Research Foundation
Website: www.ijarf.com (ISSN: 2394-3394, Volume 3, Issue 11, November 2016)
of the malady and assist ophthalmologists in investigation and 4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
treating the malady a lot of expeditiously.
automatic image process techniques have the power
to help within the early detection of diabetic retinopathy
malady which might be considered a manifestation of
polygenic disorder on the tissue layer. vessel segmentation is
that the basic foundation whereas developing retinal screening
systems, since vessels function one amongst the most retinal
landmark options but, in screening examinations, the complex
body part pictures obtained ar typically macula-centered for
screening for varied diseases within the larger retinal space.
Temporal vessels for the AVR mensuration in such images[2].
the most goal of this screening method is to dependably
establish subjects United Nations agency have progressed to
threshold malady, in order that they may be promptly treated.
at the present this screening method is dole out by Fig:2 Original RGB image
ophthalmologists arch within the examination of infants eyes.

2. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Fig:3 Binary Image With Exudates

Fig.1. Block diagram of System architecture

TheFig.1 pictured in CEILAB (color space) as a

result of to hide the little intensity variations conjointly and so
K-means agglomeration is applied to the a & b elements,
it's a vector quantisation results [12] in partitioning of
information. when k-means adaptational bar chart exploit is
applied to L band within which image is split into little tiles
and bar chart are going to be equal for every and each tile.
In next stage exploitation hough rework
optic disc is eliminated, hough rework is employed to sight the Fig:4 Hard Exudates
absolute shapes and could be a feature extraction technique.
3. SOFTWARE HANDING TOOL

Graphical user interface:

It is a user interactive application used to have a
control over execution. It is a combination of technology
which provide a path for users to gather the information or
data. GUIS are used in many hand held devices like gaming
device, mp3 players, mobile phones, home applications and
industrial equipment. In order to have parallel execution and
to view all the images at a time GUI is used[15].
Fig:5 Soft Exudates

12
 International Journal of Advanced Research Foundation
Website: www.ijarf.com (ISSN: 2394-3394, Volume 3, Issue 11, November 2016)
The above shown figures shows the ultimate output within
which figure(2) represents original image of the diabetic
patient, figure(3) represents combos of exhausting and soft
exudates that successively white in color, the figure(4)
represents with small exudates known as exhausting exudates
that ar less harmful, the figure(5) represents with giant
exudates known as soft exudates that ar additional harmful[5].
If soft exudates ar additional in variety then it results
in the visual disorder within the diabetic patient and outcome
of this can be a abnormal eye. If they're missing then it defines
traditional eye.
CONCLUSION
Classification and detection of exudates exploitation k-means
algorithmic program has bestowed during this paper. This
methodology has with success detects the exhausting exudates
and soft exudates for structure pictures. The detection of optic
disc in structure image could be a important task owing to its
similarities in brightness, color, and distinction to the
exudates. Moreover, optic disc is a vital structure feature.
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method used for computer aided diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy
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[7]. Akara Sopharak and Bunyarit Uyyanonvara proposed an Automatic
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Automatic exudates detection for diabetic retinopathy screening
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About the authors:
H. Basavasree pursuing B.Tech final year in auroras
scientific, technological and research academy from JNTU
university . I have completed my Diploma in mahaveer
institute of science and technology from state board of
technical education and training (SBTET). I have attended
workshops on embedded systems, internet on things, PCB
designing etc . I am interested in microprocessor, micro
controller and communication subjects. I have achieved first
prize in project expo which was held in 2015 at aurora
chandrayangutta.
Kumar. K obtained his B.Tech in Electronics &
Communication Engineering from the University of JNTU, his
M.Tech in VLSI Design from the University of JNTU-
Hyderabad. He is currently the senior Assistant Professor in
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,
Auroras Scientific, Technological and Research Academy, in
University of the JNTUH Hyderabad. Kumar. Keshamoni is
Chair of World Committees Associate Member of UACEE
(Universal Association of Computer & Electronics Engineers),
Working as an IEEE Student Chapter Counselor (SB-66121)
at Auroras Scientific, Technological and Research Academy,
Professional Member of IEEE, IEEE Vehicle Community
Member, Member of IAENG and an Advisory Board of
WATT (World Association of Technology Teachers). He is
also on the Advisory & Editorial Board of IJETAE, an
Associate Editor of IJPRET, Editor of IJOART, Editorial
Board & Review Committee of IJSER, an Editorial & Review
Board of IJTRA, Editor, writer &Peer Reviewer of edition
International Publisher, Peer Reviewer of AJET, Review
Committee of IJERT, Editorial & Review Board of IJOAR,
Review Board of IJASCSE, Advisory& Editorial Board of
IJRDET, Editorial Board of IJEERT Member of IAENG,
Writer& Review Board of IJEVS, Advisory Board of WRJET,
Scientific Committee & Editorial Review Board on
Engineering and Physical Sciences of WASET and Editorial
Board of IAASSE. He is also working as a member for 10
International conference committees. He has published about
23 Research articles in International Journals and 5 papers in
National and International Conferences, Organized National
level Workshops and attended several National, International
Conferences, and Workshops & Faculty Development
Programs in different organizations.
His recent research interests lie in the area of Embedded,
VLSI Design, Digital Signal Processing and Nanotechnology.