Bit Calculations

Units
Where:
Pb = Bit Pressure Drop (lbs/in2)
MW = Mud Weight (ppg)
Q = Flow Rate (gpm)
An = Total Nozzle Area (in2)
Vn = Nozzle Velocity (ft/sec)
HHPb = Horse Power at bit (hp)
HSI = Horse Power per inch (hp/in2)
Db = Bit Diameter (in)
Ab = Area of Bit (in2)
lfb = Impact Force at bit (lbf)
Vc = Cross Flow Velocity (ft/sec)
N = Number of Nozzles
Es = Specific Energy (psi)
= Coefficient of Friction
ROP = Rate of Penetration (ft/hr)
WOB = Weight on Bit (lbf)
T = Torque (ft-lbs)
Ah = Area of Hole (in2)
MSE = Mechanical Specific Energy (psi)
Cd = Nozzle discharge coefficient

Pressure Drop Across Bit (psi) Impact of Jet Nozzles on Hole Bottom (lbf)
Calculated From Flow Rate, assumes Cd=1.0: Calculated From Velocity:

(MW)(Q ) 2
(Q)(MW)(Vn)
Pb = lfb =
(12,032)(An2) (1930)

Calculated From Velocity: Calculated From Pressure Drop:

(MW)(Vn ) 2
lfb = 0.0173Q [PbMW] 1/2
Pb =
(1,239)
Cross Flow Velocity under the Bit (ft/sec)
Bit Nozzle Velocity (ft/sec) (108.5) (Q)(Vn) 1/2
Calculated From Flow Rate: Vc = [ (NDb ) ]
(Q )
Vn = (0.321)
(An) Mechanical Specific Energy using (psi)
1 (13.33)()(RPM)
Calculated From Pressure Drop:

(1,239 )(Pb ) 1/2

MSE =WOB
Ab
+[ (ROP)(Db) ]
Vn = [ (MW) ] Bit Aggressiveness/Coefficient of Friction
36(T)
Total Bit Nozzle area (in2)
Calculated From Bit Pressure Drop:
= [(WOB)(Db) ]
(MW )(Q2 ) 1/2
An = [
(12031)(Pb) ] Mechanical Specific Energy using Torque (psi)
An = (An1+ An2 + ...Anx ) 480(T)(RPM) 1.274(WOB)
MSE = +
ROP(Db2) (Db2)

Bit Hydraulic Horsepower (hp) Bit Torque (ft-lbs)

Hydraulic HP by Bit Nozzles:
(Db)(WOB)
(Pb )(Q) T=
HHPb = 36
(1714)

Hydraulic HP per sq. in. of Bit Diameter: Minimum Flow rate for PDC Bits (gpm)
(HHPb)(1.273) GPM = 12.72Db1.47
HSI =
(Db ) 2