Vascular RDMS
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1. Proximal to Arch, the first
branch of ascending
aorta?
2. Another word for
Inonimate?
3. What does the innominate
artery divide into?
4. Branches of aortic arch?
5. Branches of subclavian
artery?
6. Where does the
subclavian artery run?
7. Where does the axillary
artery originate?
8. Where does the brachial
artery originate?
9. Where does the brachial
artery branch?
10. What does the brachial
artery branch into?
11. What does the radial
artery branch into?
12. Where does the radial
artery terminate?
13. What does the ulnar
artery branch into?
14. Where does the ulnar
artery terminate?
15. What artery is the
predominate source of
blood flow to hand?
16. What does the superficial
palmar arch include?
17. What does the deep
palmar arch include
18. Where do digital arteries
arise from?
19. What is the first branch of
the abdominal aorta?
20. What does the celiac
artery supply?
21. What does the celiac
artery branch into?
22. What is the second branch
of the abdominal aorta?
Coronary Artery
Brachiocephalic
Right common carotid and
subclavian arteries
Innominate artery, left
common carotid and left
subclavian artery
Vertebral, thyrocervical,
costocervical
Laterally to outer border of 1st
rib
Subclavian artery
Axillary artery
Antecubital fossa
Radial and Ulnar arteries
Superficial palmar (volar) arch
Deep palmar arch
Deep palmar (volar) branch
Superfical palmar arch
Ulnar Artery
Distal portion of ulnar artery
and branch of radial artery
Deep palmar branch of ulnar
artery and distal portion of the
radial artery
Palmar arches
Celiac artery
Stomach, liver, pancreas,
duodenum and spleen
Left gastric, splenic and
common hepatic arteries
Superior mesenteric artery
(SMA)
23. What does the SMA supply?
24. Where is the SMA located?
25. Can the SMA be a common
trunk of the celiac artery and
SMA?
26. What do the renal arteries
supply?
27. Is it uncommon to see
multiple renal arteries?
28. In transverse, what is a
landmark for locating the left
renal artery?
29. Where is the left renal vein
located?
30. Where is the inferior
mesenteric artery located?
31. What does the IMA supply?
32. What are the most distal
branches of the aorta?
33. What do the common iliac
arteries divide into?
34. What muscle does the
external iliac follow
medially?
35. When does the external iliac
artery become the common
femoral artery?
36. What does the common
femoral artery divide into?
37. Where does the SFA run?
38. What is another name for
the adductor hiatus canal?
39. What does the popliteal
artery branch into?
40. What vessels make up the
trifurcation?
41. What is the first branch of
popliteal artery?
42. What is the lower branch of
anterior tibial artery?
Small intestine, cecum and
parts of colon
About 1 cm behind the
celiac artery
Yes
Kidneys, suprarenal glands
and ureters
No
Left renal vein
Crosses aorta anteriorly,
the artery being just
posterior
3-4 cm above bifurcation
Transverse, descending
colon and part of rectum
Common iliac arteries
External and internal iliac
arteries
Psoas
When it passes underneath
the inguinal ligament
Superficial femoral artery
and Deep femoral
(profunda) artery.
The length of thigh,
passing through the
adductor hiatus canal
Hunter's Canal
Anterior tibial artery,
posterior tibial artery and
peroneal artery branch.
Anterior tibial artery,
posterior tibial artery and
peroneal artery
Anterior tibial artery
Dorsalis pedis artery
43. What is a major branch of Deep plantar artery 63. What is the major Pressure (Potential) energy
the dorsalis pedis artery? form of energy for
circulation of blood?
44. What makes up the Deep plantar artery and lateral
plantar arch? plantar artery 64. What makes up the Pressure, kinetic and gravitational
total energy in moving energies
45. Where does the posterior Posterior/medial side of leg
fluid?
tibial artery run?
65. Another word for Hydrostatic pressure
46. What is the tibioperoneal Short segment between ATA
gravitational energy?
trunk? branch and branches of PTA
and peroneal arteries 66. What is hydrostatic The weight of the column of blood
pressure? extending from the heart to level
47. What are the major Lateral and medial plantar
where pressure is measured
branches of posterior arteies
tibial artery? 67. What is inertia? The tendency of a fluid to resist
changes in its velocity
48. Where does the peroneal Passes towards fibula,
artery run? traveling down medial side of 68. Resistance is directly Viscosity and length
that bone proportional to what?
49. What supplies blood to Plantar and dorsal metatarsals 69. Resistance is Diameter
the toes? inversely
proportional to what?
50. What does the plantar Deep plantar artery and lateral
arch consist of? plantar artery 70. What has more effect Vessel diameter
of resistance?
51. What is the smallest Arterioles
arteries? 71. What is laminar flow? Consists of fluid particles moving
against one another
52. What is the largest artery? Aorta
72. Where is the fastest In the center
53. What are capillaries? Nutrients and waste products
flow in laminar flow?
are exchanged between tissue
and blood 73. Where is the At the wall
stationary layer in
54. What are the 3 layers of Tunica Intima, Tunica Media,
laminar flow?
an artery? and Tunica externa
(adventitia) 74. Is laminar flow Yes
considered stable
55. What layer of artery Adventitial layer
flow?
contains the vasa
vasorum? 75. Where is plug flow At vessel origin
seen?
56. What is the vasa Tiny vessels that carry blood to
vasorum? the walls of the larger arteries. 76. What causes viscous Due to increased friction between
energy losses? molecules
57. How much blood is 70 milliliters
pumped into the aorta 77. What causes inertial Deviations from laminar flow, due
with each heartbeat? losses? to changes in direction and velocity

58. What governs the amount Cardiac output 78. Where do inertial At the exit of stenosis
of blood that enters the losses occur with a
arterial system? stenosis?

59. What governs the amount Peripheral resistance 79. What is Poiseuilles Defines relationship between
of blood leaving arterial equation? pressure, volume flow and
systems? resistance

60. What does the amount of Energy difference and 80. Actual Poiseulles Q=P/R
blood flow depend upon? resistance equation?

61. If you have lower Higher flow rate 81. Larger diameter Decreases
resistance what happens vessel velocity
to the flow rate? increases or
decreases?
62. If you have higher Lower flow rate
resistance what happens
to the flow rate?
82. Smaller diameter vessel Increases 99. Arterial obstruction may alter Increased volume flow
velocity increases or flow in collateral channels Reversed flow direction
decreased? nearby or further away from Increased velocity
site of obstruction. Changes Waveform pulsatility
83. What is Bernoilli's equation? Has to do with
include? changes
Pressure/Velocity
relationships 100. What should exercise induce? Peripheral vasodilation
84. What is Reynolds number? Predicts when fluid 101. What is the single best Exercise
becomes unstable or vasodilator of resistance
disturbed vessels within skeletal
85. What does Reynolds number Laminar flow tends to muscle?
>2000 mean? become disturbed 102. What is autoregulation? Ability of most vascular
86. What is systoles? Forward flow beds to maintain a
constant level of blood
87. What is late systole, early Temporary flow reversal flow over a wide range of
diastole? due to a phase shifted perfusion pressures
negative pressure
103. What will flow look like to a Pulsatile
gradient and peripheral
cool extremity?
resistance
104. What will flow to a warm Continuous, steadt
88. What is late diastole? Flow is forward
extremity look like?
89. Explain low resistance flow? Flow of a continuous
105. Can pulsatitlity changes No
steady nature feeding a
differentiate between
dilated vascular bed
occlusion and severe
90. Examples of low resistance ICA, vertebral, renal, stenosis?
Vessels? celiac, splenic and
106. Are waveforms always altered No
hepatic
with good collateralization?
91. Explain high resistance flow? Flow of a pulsatile
107. Distal effects of obstructive True
nature
disease may only be detectable
92. Examples of high resistance Aorta, ECA, subclavian, following stress True or False
vessels? iliac, extremity arteries,
108. Cross sectional area Diameter reduction of
and fasting SMA
reduction of 75% =? 50%
93. What does doppler flow look Lower resistant, rounded
109. Proximal to stenosis what do Dampened, with or
like distal to a significant and weaker
flow frequencies look like? without disturbance
stenosis?
110. What does the velocities look Elevated velocities
94. What does doppler flow look Higher resistant and
like in the entrance of
like proximal to a significant have no or minimal
stenosis?
stenosis? diastole
111. What does the flow look like Multiple changes in
95. What happens with Medium/small arteries
post stenotic? direction
vasoconstriction? are increased and
pulsatility is decreased in 112. What is claudication? Pain in muscle usually
minute arteries occurring during
exercise; subsides with
96. What happens with Medium/small arteries
rest
vasodilation? are decreased and
pulsatility is increased in 113. What causes claudication? Inadequate blood supply
minute arteries to muscle

97. As the inflow pressure falls as a Vasodilate 114. With claudication where is Proximal to location of
result of stenosis, what is the level of disease? symptoms
natural response in periphery 115. What is pseudo-claudication? Mimics vascular
to maintain flow? symptoms but is
98. At rest, total blood flow may be Development of neurogenic or orthopedic
fairly normal even in the collateral network and in origin
presence of stenosis/ complete compensatory decrease
occlusion of main artery. Why? in peripheral resistance
116. What is ischemic A more severe form of diminished 130. In diabetics Distal popliteal and tibial arteries
rest pain? blood flow. Occurs when limb is not where is arterial
dependent disease more
common?
117. What are the 6 P's.
symptoms of Pain,Pallor,Pulselessness,Parasthesia, 131. In diabetics Medial calcification develops in lower
acute arterial Polar where does extremity arteries
occlusion? calcification
occur?
118. Is Acute arterial Yes since the abrupt onset does not
occlusion an allow for development of collateral 132. What is the Atherosclerosis
emergency channels. most common
situation? arterial
pathology?
119. What is Raynauds Symptoms of intermittent digital
phenomenon? ischemia occur in response to cold or 133. What part of Intima and Media layer
emotional stress vessel does
atherosclerosis
120. What is primary Ischemia due to digital artery spasm
affect?
Raynaud's?
134. What are the Smoking, hyperlipidemia, family history.
121. Who is Primary Young Women
major risk Less important, hypertension, diabetes,
Raynaud's
factors for sedentary lifestyle and arterial wall
common in?
atherosclerosis? shear/stress
122. What are the Bilateral, history of symptoms for 2
135. What are the Carotid bifurcation, vessel origins,
distinguishing years without progression/ evidence of
most common infrarenal aorto-iliac system, CFA
characteristics of cause
sites of bifurcation, SFA at the adductor canal,
Primary
atherosclerosis? and trifurcation region
Raynaud's?
136. What is Leriche Obstruction of the aorta
123. Is primary Yes
syndrome?
Raynaud's a
benign condition? 137. Who is Leriche Males
Syndrome
124. In secondary Yes
common in?
Raynaud's is
ischemia always 138. Symptoms of Pallor and coldness of lower extremities
present? Leriche Fatigue in hips, thighs or calves with
Syndrome? exercise Absence of femoral pulses
125. What disease can Buergers Disease
Impotence
Secondary
Raynaud's be the 139. What is an Obstruction of a vessel by foreign
first embolism? substance or blood clot
manifestation of?
140. What is the Small plaque breaks loose and travels
126. What is Vasoconstrictive responses of most common distally until it lodges in a small vessel.
secondary arterioles superimposed on a fixed cause of an
Raynaud's? artery obstruction embolism?
127. What can a Fistula, post stenotic turbulence or a 141. What is blue toe Toe ischemia from embolus. Often
palpable vibration patent dialysis access site syndrome? improves
or thrill over a
142. What are the Fusiform, Saccular, Dissecting and
pulse site
different types pseudoaneurysms.
indicate?
of aneurysms?
128. What sites can Carotid, heart, aorta, femoral and
143. What is a Diffuse, circumferential, dilation
you auscultate a popliteal arteries
fusiform
bruit?
aneurysm?
129. What are risk Diabetes, Hypertension, Smoking,
144. What is a Localized outpouching
factors for Hyperlipidemia, age, family history
saccular
arterial disease?
aneurysm?
145. What is a A small tear or the inner wall allows 161. Aortic Chest trauma or hypertension
dissecting blood to form cavity between two wall dissections
aneurysm? layers which extend to
iliacs may occur
146. Where is a Thoracic aorta
consequent to?
dissecting
aneurysm 162. Why perform Confirm diagnosis, approximate
common? doppler location of arterial occlusive disease,
analysis? combined with doppler segmental
147. What is a Results from a defect in the main artery
pressures
pseudoanuerysm? wall. Must be a channel
communication gtom main artery to 163. Limitations of Waveforms affected by temperature,
pulsatile structure outside vessel walls. Doppler uncompensated congestive heart failure
waveform? may result in dampened waveforms,
148. Where is the most Infrarenal aorta. Other locations
unable to differentiate stenosis from
common location include thoracic aorta, femoral,
occlusion
of a true popliteal and renal
aneurysm? 164. What is Reflected frequency is higher/lower than
Continuous the transmitted frequency depending on
149. Causes of Unknown, poor nutrition, congenital
Wave doppler? direction of flow.
aneurysms? defect, infection or atherosclerosis
165. Types of Doppler Analog or Spectral analysis
150. What is the most Rupture of aortic, embolization of the
Velocimetry?
frequent peripheral aneurysms
complication with 166. Explain analog Employs a zero crossing frequency meter
aneurysm? to display the signals graphically on a
strip chart recorder
151. What is arteritis? Inflammation of arterial wall leads to
thrombosis of vessel 167. Drawbacks of Noise, less sensitivity, high velocities
Analog are underestimated, low velocities are
152. Who does Men <40 years old
overestimated
arteritis
commonly affect? 168. Explain Spectral Individual frequencies displayed by the
analysis? Fast fourier transform method
153. What is arteritis Heavy smoking
associated with? 169. Which method is Spectral
more commonly
154. What vessels does Tibial and peroneal arteries as well as
used during
arteritis affect? the smaller more distal arterioles and
duplex
nutrient vessels
examination?
155. How do patients Rest pain and ischemic ulceration
170. In spectral Horizontal axis (x)
present with present.
analysis time is
arteritis?
displayed on
156. What is Congenital anomaly of the arterial what line?
coarctation of the system. Narrowing or stricture of
171. In spectral Vertical axis (Y)
aorta? thoracic aorta. Can also affect
analysis
abdominal aorta
frequency shifts
157. What are the Hypertension, LE ischemia are displayed on
clinical findings what line?
of coarctation of
172. What upper Subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial,
the aorta?
extremity vessels ulnar arteries
158. What is Media is weakened. Intima develops are evaluated
dissection? tear through which blood leaks into the with doppler?
media.
173. What lower Common femoral, superficial femoral,
159. What arteries can Aorta and peripheral arteries extremity popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis,
dissection affect? arterial vessels peroneal (if necessary)
160. What are the Stenosis, occlusion or thrombosis are evaluated?
complications of
dissection?
174. What is a normal Triphasic, can be biphasic in some 185. If cuff is too large for a BP is falsely lower
peripheral normal individuals limb what happens?
arterial
186. If cuff is too narrow for BP is falsely higher
waveform?
a limb what happens?
175. What does a High resistant, multiphasic flow.
187. How big should the cuff About 20% greater than
subclavian artery
be? diameter of limb
signal look like?
188. What is the difference 2 thigh cuffs are used in 4 cuff
176. What will a More monophasic
between 3 cuff and 4 cuff method
proximal
method?
occlusion of a
subclavian artery 189. Which method causes 4 cuff method
look like? artifactually elevated BP

177. What do normal Maintained or augmented, no reverse 190. Which method provides 3 cuff method
doppler component a more accurate
waveforms look pressure reading?
post exercise? 191. For segmental pressures 20-30 mmhg beyond last
178. What do Slow upstroke with more rounded peak, how much do you have audible doppler arterial signal
abnormal post slow downstroke, no reverse component to inflate cuffs? or 20-30mmhg higher than the
exercise highest brachial pressure
waveforms look 192. How are ankle brachial Dividing the ankle pressure by
like? indexes calculated? the HIGHER of the 2 brachial
179. What velocity Velocities less than 6 cm/sec pressures
can't analog 193. What is considered a >1.0
doppler portray? normal ABI?
180. What is the Calculated by dividing the peak to peak 194. What ABI is considered >.9-1.0
pulsatility index? frequency difference by the average asymptomatic or mild
frequency arterial disease?
181. What >133 msec 195. What ABI is considered .5-.9
acceleration time moderate disease
suggests (claudication) ?
presence of
196. What ABI is considered <.5
proximal iliac
severe arterial disease?
disease?
197. What ABI is considered >1.3-1.5
182. What is Based on the principle that proximal
incompressible?
acceleration arterial obstruction will result in
time? slowing of the time interval between the 198. How much of a >30 mmHg
onset of systole to the point of maximum segmental pressure
peak drop suggests
obstruction?
183. What can Asses presence/severity of arterial
doppler disease. 199. A horizontal difference Obstructive disease at or above
segmental of > 20-30 mmHg means level in the leg with the lower
pressures what? pressure.
document? 200. In the 4 cuff technique >30 mmHg than highest
184. What are some Cannot differentiate stenosis and what are pressures brachial pressure
limitations of occlusion, locate area of obstruction nor normally compared to
segmental discriminate between CFA and EIA brachial pressures?
pressures? disease. 201. In the 3 cuff technique Thigh pressure is similar to the
Calcified vessels render falsely elevated what are pressures highest brachial pressure
doppler pressures normally compared to
CHF may result in decreased ABI brachial pressures?
Difficult to interpret in presence of multi
level disease 202. What are toe pressures <30mmHg
in foot and toe ulcers
that fail to heal?
203. Ankle pressures Toe pressures 218. What is the Allen To evaluate patency of palmar arch
cannot always be test used for?
relied on. In that case
219. What is the Technologist manually compresses
what will be more
method of the radial artery as patient clenches fist
reliable?
Allen test? inducing pallor. Patient is then asked
204. Why obtain post Helps differentiate between true to relax hand.
exercise pressures? and pseudo claudication
220. What is a normal Reappearance of the normal color to
205. What are Shortness of breath, hypertension, result of Allen test? indicate the ulnar artery is providing
contraindications for significant cardiac problems, flow to the palmar arch
exercise pressures? stroke, walking problems
221. What is an Color does not reappear to indicate an
206. What is the exercise Patient walks at <12% elevation at abnormal result of ulnar artery occlusion or palmar arch
technique? 1.5 MPH for 5 minute or until Allen test? obstruction
patient's symptoms increase to
222. A 15-20 mmHG A >50% stenosis of subclavian artery
such severity that patient must
difference from or the vessel under the cuff
stop
one brachial
207. What pressures do Ankles (abnormal first) pressure to
you take first after another suggests
exercise? what?
208. What is considered a Should increase 223. A 15-20 mmHG A brachial artery obstruction distal to
normal ABI post drop from upper upper cuff. Obstruction in both radial
exercise? arm to forearm and ulnar arteries or obstruction in
suggests what? single forearm artery which has
209. When pressures drop Yes, take pressures every 2 minutes
decreased pressure
post exercise to you until pre exercise pressures are
test again? attained 224. A difference of >20 Obstruction in vessel with lower
mmHG between pressure
210. What is indicative of Takes 2-6 minutes for ABI's to
radial and ulnar
single level disease increase back to resting levels after
pressures suggests
post exercise? they have dropped.
what?
211. What is indicative of Takes from 6-12 minutes for ABI's
225. What are some High level of anxiety , Duplex needed
multi-level disease to increase back to resting levels
limitations of for velocities, Sensitivity to injectable
post exercise? after they have dropped
penile imaging? medication
212. When patient is Reactive hyperemia. Bilateral
226. What do you do Calculate ABI
unable to perform thigh cuffs are inflated to 20-30
first for penile
exercise testing, what mmHg above highest brachial
study?
can you do? pressure and maintain for 3-5
minutes 227. Why do you Because poor arterial inflow to lower
calculate ABI for extremities due to proximal
213. What is indicative of <50% drop in ankle pressures
penile study? obstruction may affect penile arterial
single level disease
flow
with reactive
hyperemia? 228. Where do you Lateral or ventral
place the probe
214. What is indicative of >50% drop in ankle pressures
during penile
multi level deisease
imaging?
with reactive
hyperemia? 229. What other vessels CFA, PTA and DPA
do you document
215. Why is treadmill It reproduces the patient's
flow in for penile
testing the preferred ischemic symptoms
imaging?
method?
230. What is a normal >.75
216. What artery is used to Brachial artery
penile brachial
obtain upper arm BP?
index?
217. What artery are Radial and ulnar artery
pressures obtained
from forearm?
231. What is .65-.74 244. For volume Bilateral brachial pressures
considered plethysmography where obtained first. Then begin
marginally do you start? with upper part of extremity
abnormal penile and work distally
brachial index?
245. How many cycles should At least 3 cycles
232. What is <.65 be recorded with volume
considered an plethysmography?
abnormal penile
246. What should a normal Fairly rapid upslope, sharp
brachial index?
plethysmography systolic peak with reflected
233. Prior to injection Cavernous arteries are measured in AP waveform look like? wave
what vessels are diamter. PSV and EDV are obtained
247. What should a mildly Sharp peak, absent reflected
evaluated with
abnormal wave, downslope is bowed
imaging?
plethysmography away from baseline
234. After injection Same as before injection waveform look like?
what vessels are
248. What should a Flattened systolic peak,
evaluated with
moderately abnormal upslope and downslope more
imaging?
plethysmography delayed, reflective wave absent
235. What should Diameter should increase waveform look like?
happen to
249. What does a severely Low amplitude or may be
cavernous
abnormal absent
arteries post
photoplethysmography
injection?
waveform look like?
236. What should Should increase. PSV should be
250. When you see an Proximal to level of tracing
happen to PSV 30cm/sec or higher
abnormal
post injection?
plethysmography
237. Should dorsal No waveform where is the
vein velocites disease?
increase post
251. Reduced amplitude in it is unilateral
injection?
plethysmography with no
238. If dorsal vein Venous leak change in waveform does
velocities increase not reflect disease
what does this unless???
suggest?
252. What makes Patient tremors
239. What is a normal <3 cm/sec photoplethysmography
velocity of dorsal nearly impossible?
vein?
253. What are the capabilities Differentiate fixed arterial
240. What is an >20cm/sec of Digit obstruction from vasospasm
abnormal velocity plethysmography? Assess effects of treatment,
of dorsal vein? Helps detect presence of
arterial disease
241. What are the Differentiate true claudication from
capabilities of non vascular claudication, Detect 254. What are some Quality affected by
plethysmography? presence/absence of arterial disease, limitations for Digit vasoconstriction, Patient with
helps localize level of obstruction plethysmography? tremors, Cuff size or improper
skin contact
242. What are the Cannot be specific to one vessel,
limitations of Cannot discriminate between major 255. What patient position Supine with some elevation of
plethysmography? arteries and collateral branches, should you use to evaluate head
Difficult to perform on obese patients toes?
243. What is Evaluation of digits and penile vessels. 256. What patient position Sitting with arms resting on
plethysmography should you use to evaluate pillow in patients lap
mainly used for? fingers?
257. What other exam should Complete lower extremity 274. What is a PO reading 70-80mmHg
be performed in addition arterial exam or limited version that would indicate
to plethysmography of such as ABI healing?
toes?
275. What is a PO reading 30-40mmHg
258. What other exam should Complete upper extremity that would indicate
be performed in addition arterial exam and doppler borderline healing?
to plethysmography of exam of palmar arch
276. What would a PO 10-15mmHg
fingers?
reading that would
259. When is a cold stress test When patient has symptoms indicate not healing?
performed? occurring due to cold
277. What are the Localize stenosis/ occlusion
sensitivity
capabilities of duplex/ Determine presence/ absence of
260. How long are hands 3 minutes if possible color flow imaging? aneurysm Post op study of
immersed in cold water hemodialysis access or arterial
for? bypass graft Detect AVF's
261. When are waveforms Immediately after and 5 278. Sample size of pulsed 1-1.5 mm and increased as needed
obtained after cold stress minutes after doppler is usually?
test?
279. Is it common for No, main use is evaluation of
262. What is present if you Abnormal doppler arterial upper extremity dialysis access grafts
have Organic(fixed) signals, systolic pressures and arteries to become
obstruction? PPG tracings. stenosed?
263. What is present if you Norm doppler arterial, systolic 280. Is it normal or Normal. You can hear it at a
have functional pressures and PPG travings but abnormal to hear a patent site as well as a stenotic
(intermittent) abnormal findings after cold thrill at a one.
obstructive disease? stimulation hemodialysis access
site?
264. What waveform type is Peaked pulse
seen in Raynaud's 281. How do you evaluate a Inflow artery
phenomena? dialysis access graft? Arterial anastomosis, Continue
through body of arch, Venous
265. Following cold The amplitude fails to return to
anastomosis, Outflow vein
immersion, abnormal baseline levels within 5
cold sensitivity is likely minutes 282. Examples of dialysis Brescia-Cimino fistula, straight,
if? access grafts include? lopped synthetic grafts
266. What are normal .8-.9 283. Why is there no Normal PSV vary widelyn with
finger/brachial indices? current criteria for skin temperature changes
evaluated stenosis in
267. What are normal Normal toes pressures vary
upper extremity?
toe/brachial indices? from 60-80% of brachial
pressures 284. If a a >50% reduction Observe for stenosis profile
is present, what do
268. What negates a toe/ankle Arterial calcinosis
you do?
pressure index?
285. What should you see if Observe for lack of doppler signals
269. What happens with Severely reduced pressures
you have an occlusion and the proverbial thump which is
digital artery occlusion?
of upper extremity? obtained proximal to occlusion
270. Why is transcutaneous Wound healing and
286. What type of Ulnar artery aneurysm
oximetry used? amputation level determination
aneurysm can be
271. What are limitations of Inability to keep electrode fairly formed by using palm
transcutaneous flat on the skin of hand as a hammer?
oximetry? Electrode must be placed on
287. PSV and EDV vary as Elevated
intact skin
to the type of access
272. How hot does the 45c but normally both are?
electrode heat the skin?
288. Low PSV's obtained in Arterial INFLOW problems
273. Where is the reference Upper lateral chest access graft could
reading taken first? indicate?
289. What are the Venous anastomosis and outflow vein are 299. A 4:1 ratio in PSV equals >75%
most most common how much of a diameter
common reduction?
sites for
300. How much of a reduction is >75% diameter reduction
stenosis in a
present with a PSV of
hemodialysis
greater than 400 cm/sec?
access?
301. In a normal bypass graft is Yes, it may be evident at the
290. What is a Distal arterial blood is reversed into lower
some retrograde flow distal anastamosis of an
Steal resistant venous circulation
normal? RSVG
syndrome?
302. How much of a PSV decrease 30 cm/sec
291. What Pain on exertion, pallor and coolness distal
in a graft is abnormal?
symptoms to shunt.
can a steal 303. Is a change from triphasic to No
syndrome biphasic in a graft normal?
cause? 304. In a graft a decrease of ABI >.15
292. What does That there are 2 doppler shifts of how much is abnormal?
the number 2 305. What percentage stenosis >60%
represent in can be detected in renal
doppler artery?
equation?
306. What is considered A dilation of >3cm or an
293. What angle >60 degrees aneurysmic in aorta? increase in diameter of
is not 50%> that original artery
reliable in
307. Majority of abdominal Infrarenal
doppler?
aortic aneurysms occur
294. What Distal external iliac, common femoral, CFA where?
arteries do bifurcation, SFA Prox-Dist, Popliteal artery,
308. What is a false aneurysm? When thrombus is present
you evaluate trifurcation
with lower 309. What is the mechanism for Renin
extremity hypertension?
doppler?
310. Renal and kidney arteries Low
295. If a >50% Pre stenotic PSV, PSV in stenosis and post are normally what type of
stenosis is stenotic turbulence resistance?
suspected
311. The aorta is what type of High
what do you
resistance?
obtain?
312. What is a normal <3.5
296. What type of Reversed Saphenous Vein Graft and In-Situ
renal/aortic ratio?
lower Vein Graft
extremity 313. What is an abnormal renal/ >3.5
grafts are aortic ratio?
there? 314. What does a >3.5 A greater than 60%
297. Explain Small end is proximal, Large end is distal, renal/aortic ratio indicate? diameter reduction
Reversed Vein valves stay open due to arterial flow 315. When can you not use renal If AAA detected or aortic
Saphenous pressure, Branches are ligated, Explain In aortic ration? PSV is >90 or <40
Vein Graft Situ Graft, GSV stays in place, Small end is
316. If you cannot use renal Look for a renal PSV of
distal, Large end is proximal, Prior to surgery
aortic ratio what should you 180-200 cm/s followed by
valves are broken up with special instrument,
use? post stenotic turbulence
Branches ligated
317. Normal renal length? 10-12cm
298. A 2:1 ratio in >50% diameter reduction
PSV equals 318. What is a normal end >.2
how much of diastolic ratio?
a diameter
319. What is an abnormal end <.2
reduction?
diastolic ratio?
320. How do you calculate end diastolic End diastolic 340. Flow through an AVF High velocities, lower resistance
ratio? velocity/ peak has? flow
systolic velocity
341. On the venous side of Low resistant, more pulsatile
321. What is a normal resistivity index? <.8 AVF what does the
flow look like?
322. What is an abnormal resistivity >.8
index? 342. What causes Following repair of tibial artery
compartment and swelling after
323. How do you calculate RI? PSV-EDV/ PSV
syndrome?
324. What is tardus parvus? A weakened renal
343. What are symptoms Necrosis of muscle, severe pain,
artery pulse but
of compartment tenderness, foot drop and other
still of low
syndrome? neurological changes
resistant quality
325. Normal PSV of SMA? 110-177 cm/sec

326. Normal PSV of Celiac artery? 50-160 cm/sec

327. Stenosis criteria for SMA? PSV >275 cm/sec

predicts >70%
diameter reduction
328. Stenosis criteria for Celiac artery? PSV > 200 cm/sec
predicts > 70%
diameter reduction
329. In most case, how many mesenteric 2 of 3
vessels have to be abnormal to be
consistent with mesenteric
ischemia?
330. Extrinsic compression of Celiac Median arcuate
artery occurs by one ligament? ligament of
diaphragm.
331. If IMA is easily observed what does SMA occlusion
that suggest?
332. In a renal transplant where are the RA to EIA or IIA.
vessels anastomosed? RV to EIV
333. B-mode signs of renal transplant Increased
rejection include? parenchymal
echogenicity or
increased renal
size
334. What is an arteriovenous fistula? An abnormal
collection between
arterial and venous
system
335. How are arteriovenous fistulas Congenital or
obtained? traumatic
336. What predicts the resistance that Diameter and
an AVF offers? length
337. Fistula located peripherally is most Ischemia
like to cause?
338. Fistula located close to the heart Cause cardiac
has potential to? failure
339. Proximal to arterial AVF flow has Diastolic flow
increased? because the fistula
reduces resistance