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furrow length of 400 m. At the time the irrigation event was begun. The soil moisture
deficit was 220 mm. Each furrow had an inflow of 100 lit/min for 24 hours. The
distribution of infiltrated water depth along the furrow length is as follows.
Furrow length, X/L 0.0 0.15 0.30 0.45 0.60 0.75 0.85 1.0
Infiltrated depth (mm) 320 306 290 272 250 220 190 134
b) Application Efficiency, Ea
1. Given:
No. of furrows, Nf = 27
Furrow spacing, w = 76cm
Furrow length, L = 400m
Moisture deficit prior to irrigation, d = 220mm
Discharge of furrow, Qo = 100 lit/min
Time of irrigation application, t = 24 hrs = 1440 min.
Infiltrated water depth at different length of lateral is given
Required:
Distribution Efficiency, Ed
Application Efficiency, Ea
Water Storage Efficiency, Es
Deep Percolation Ratio, DPR
Tail Water Ratio, TWR
Solution:
y
E d 1 100
d
Distribution Efficiency,
Average depth of infiltration,
320 306 290 272 250 220 190 134
d 247.75mm
8
d
Average absolute deviation from ,
320 247.75 306 247.75 290 247.75 272 247.75 250 247.75 220 247.75 190 247.75 134 247.75
y
8
49.81
Ed 1 100 79.90%
247.75
Therefore,
Ws
Ea 100
Wf
Application Efficiency,
Total water supplied to the furrows, Wf = N x Qo x t = 27x100x1440
= 3,888,000 lit
= 3,888m3
Water stored in the root zone, Ws = No. of furrows x Furrow Spacing x Average depth of
infiltration x Length of furrow
First find the average depth of water stored in the root zone. The deficit application is
only after 300m (= 0.75x400). Therefore, the average depth of water in the root zone is:
1686.74
Ea 100 43.38%
3,888
Therefore,
Ws
Es 100
Wn
Water Storage Efficiency,
Water depth required prior to irrigation is 110mm or 0.11m
1686.74
Es 100 93.41%
1805.76
Therefore,
Volume of water deep percolated, DPV = No. of furrows x Furrow Spacing x Average
depth of deep percolation x Length of
furrow
Water is deep percolated between L = 0 and L = 300m. The average depth of deep
percolation is thus,
(320 220) 306 220 290 220 272 220 250 220 220 220
DP 56.33mm
6
100 86 70 52 30 0
DP 56.33mm
6
or 0.0563m
Hence, VDP = 27x0.76x0.0563x300 = 346.789 m3
346.789
DPR 100 8.92%
3,888
Therefore,
TWR 100 E a DPR 100 43.38 8.92 47.7%
Note: Ws and VDP can also be estimated with a better accuracy using Trapezoidal rule
The mainline is made of 20.32 cm inside diameter aluminum pipe with a Hazen-Williams
C factor of 135. The friction loss and elevation head from the water surface to the
centerline of the pump is +0.333m. Laterals are to operate on points A through D
simultaneously. Determine the:
Qs X TDH
HP = 75 X Ep X Em
Where,
Qs = system discharge (l/s)
TDH= Total Dynamic head (m)
Ep = Pump horse power = 90 %
Em = Motor Horse Power = 85 %
Given:
No. of Laterals = 4 operated simultaneously
N0. Of Nozzles on each lateral = 30
Q nozzles = 0.72 l/s per nozzle
Pressure at the inlet to the end lateral = 393 KPa = 40.06 m
Diameter of the main pipe line = 20.32 cm
Required:
a)
Critical point
b)
Critical pressure
c)
Total dynamic head (TDH)
d)
Pump capacity in HP
e)
Your general conclusion and recommendation
Solution:
VPA = QPA/ Area = 86.4 l/s X 10-3 = 86.4 X 10-3 = 2.667 m/s
0.0324 32.4 X 10-3
Point Elev. El. Distant Q(l/s) Pressur Hf-cri Vel.head Total pressure
e
D 47.85 0 18.29 0 40.06 0 0 40.06
C 48.77 -0.92 18.29 21.6 0.0431 0.0227 39.21
5
B 48.46 0.31 18.29 43.6 0.1558 0.09 37.776
A 47.55 0.91 36.58 64.8 0.33 0.2039 41.2093
Pump 48.41 -0.86 86.4 1.1248 0.3625 41.837*
Answer:
a) Critical point is at pump
b)
Critical pressure = 41837m
c)
TDH = HC+ Hf-critical+ (He-wsc+ Hf-ps)+ V2 Critical/2g
= 41.837 + 1.1248+ 0.333+ 0.3625
= 43.6573 m
TDH = 43.6573 X 9.81 = 428.278 KPa
d) Pump capacity
HP = Qs X TDH
75 X Ep X Em