Prepozitia

10.1. Introducere

Prepozitia descrie legatura dintre doua cuvinte din aceeasi propozitie. Prepozitiile nu au un inteles
de sine statator, ele capata diferie sensuri puse in legatura cu alte cuvinte.

Sa observam catedra profesorului si multitudinea de prepozitii pe care le putem folosi pentru a o

descrie:

You can sit before the desk (or in front of the desk). The professor can siton the desk (when he's
being informal) or behind the desk, and then his feet are under the desk or beneath the desk. He
can stand beside the desk (meaning next to the desk), before the desk, between the desk and
you, or even on the desk (if he's really strange). If he's clumsy, he can bump intothe desk or try to
walk through the desk (and stuff would fall off the desk). Passing his hands over the desk or
resting his elbows upon the desk, he often looks across the desk and speaks of the desk
or concerning the desk as if there were nothing else like the desk. Because he thinks of
nothingexcept the desk, sometimes you wonder about the desk, what's in the desk, what he
paid for the desk, and if he could live without the desk. You can walk toward the desk, to the
desk, around the desk, by the desk, and even past the desk while he sits at the desk or
leans against the desk.

Cuvintele evidentiate sunt toate prepozitii.

In limba engleza nu se va termina niciodata o propozitie cu o prepozitie.

10.2. Prepozitii de timp: at, on, in

At se foloseste pentru a desemna ora exacta

Ex.: The train is due at 12:15 p.m.

On indica zilele si datele calendaristice

Ex.: My brother is coming on Monday.
We're having a party on the Fourth of July.

In se foloseste pentru a desemna ore imprecise din timpul zilei, cat si luna, anotimpul, anul.
Ex.: She likes to jog in the morning.
It's too cold in winter to run outside.
He started the job in 1971.
He's going to quit in August.

10.2. Prepozitii de loc: at, on, in

At se foloseste cu adrese exacte.

Ex.: Grammar English lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham.

On desemneaza numele de strazi, sosele, bulevarde, alei, etc.

Ex.: Her house is on Boretz Road.

In se foloseste cu numele regiunilor (orase, judete, tari, state, continente).

Ex.: She lives in Durham.
Durham is in Windham County.
Windham County is in Connecticut.

Prepozitii de loc: in, at, on si lipsa prepozitiei

lipsa
IN AT ON
prepozitiei

(the) bed* class* the bed*

downstairs
the bed home the
downtown
room the ceiling
inside
the car library* the floor
outside
(the) class* the office the horse
upstairs
the library* school* the plane
uptown
school* work the train

* In diverse circumstante se pot folosi prepozitii diferite

pentru aceste locuri.

10.3. Prepozitii de miscare: to si lipsa prepozitiei

To se foloseste pentru a exprima deplasarea, miscarea catre un loc.

Ex.: They were driving to work together.
She's going to the dentist's office this morning.

Toward si towards exprima de asemenea miscarea.

Acestea doua sunt doar variantele ortografice ale aceluiasi cuvant si se pot folosi indiferent.
Ex.: We're moving toward the light.
This is a big step towards the project's completion.

Cu urmatoarele cuvinte: home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside, downstairs, upstairs, nu se

folosesc prepozitii.
Ex.: Grandma went upstairs Grandpa went home.
They both went outside.

10.4. Prepozitii de timp: for si since

For se foloseste atunci cand se masoara timpul (secunde, minute, ore, zile, luni, ani).
Ex.: He held his breath for seven minutes.
She's lived there for seven years.
The British and Irish have been quarreling for seven centuries.

Since se foloseste cu data sau ora exacta.

Ex.: He's worked here since 1970.
She's been sitting in the waiting room since two-thirty.

10.5. Prepozitii cu substantive, adjective si verbe

Numeroase substantive, adjective si mai ales verbe se folosesc corect numai insotite de
prepozitiile care le intregesc sensul.

SUBSTANTIVELE si PREPOZITIILE

approval of fondness for need for

awareness of grasp of participation in
belief in hatred of reason for
concern for hope for respect for
confusion about interest in success in
desire for love of understanding of

ADJECTIVELE si PREPOZITIILE

afraid of fond of proud of

angry at happy about similar to
aware of interested in sorry for
capable of jealous of sure of
careless about made of tired of
familiar with married to worried about

VERBELE si PREPOZITIILE

apologize for give up prepare for

ask about grow up study for
ask for look for talk about
belong to look forward to think about
bring up look up trust in
care for make up work for
find out pay for worry about

Combinatia dintre verbe si prepozitii se numeste verb frazal (vezi 6.4.Verbe frazale).

10.6. Expresii idiomatice cu prepozitii

agree to a proposal, with a person, on a price, in principle

argue about a matter, with a person, for or against a proposition

compare to to show likenesses, with to show differences (sometimes similarities)

correspond to a thing, with a person

 differ from an unlike thing, with a person

live at an address, in a house or city, on a street, with other people

10.7. Prepozitii inutile

In vorbirea de zi cu zi se folosesc incorect prepozitii acolo unde ele nu isi au rostul. Observa
urmatoarele exemple:
Ex.: She met up with the new coach in the hallway.
The book fell off of the desk.
He threw the book out of the window.
She wouldn't let the cat inside of the house. (sau folositi "in")
Where did they go to?
Put the lamp in back of the couch. (se va folosi "behind")
Where is your college at?