Equilibrium MC

Equilibrium Multiple Choice
January 1999
7. Consider the following graph:
When equilibrium is reached, the rate of the forward reaction is
A. 0.00 mol/min
B. 0.25mol/min
C. 1.0 mol/min
D. 3.0 mol/min
8. Consider the following equilibrium:

2NO2 (g) N2O4 (g) + energy
The equilibrium will shift to the left as a result of
A. adding a catalyst.
B. increasing the volume.
C. removing some N2O4.
D. decreasing the temperature.
9. Ethene, C2H4, can be produced in the following industrial system:

C2H6 (g) + energy C2H4 (g) + H2 (g)
The conditions that are necessary to maximize the equilibrium yield of C2H4 are
A. low temperature and low pressure.

B. low temperature and high pressure.
C. high temperature and low pressure.
D. high temperature and high pressure.
H2 (g) + I2 (g) 2HI (g)
The volume of the equilibrium system is increased and a new equilibrium is established.
Compared to the rates in the original equilibrium, which of the following describes the
rates of the forward and reverse reactions in the new equilibrium?

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g) + energy
Certain conditions provide less than 10% yield of NH3 at equilibrium. Which of the
following describes this equilibrium?
12. Which of the following best describes the relationship between Keq and temperature
for an endothermic reaction?
April 1999
7. Consider the following PE diagram for a reversible reaction:
Which of the following describes this reaction?

2NO(g) + Br2(g) + energy 2NOBr(g)
B. removing NOBr.
C. increasing the volume.
D. increasing the temperature.

N2(g) + O2(g) + energy 2NO(g)
When the temperature is increased, the equilibrium shifts to the
A. left and Keq increases.

B. left and Keq decreases.
C. right and Keq increases.
D. right and Keq decreases.
2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2 (g) + energy
Some CO2 is added to the equilibrium system at constant volume and a new equilibrium
is established. Compared to the original equilibrium, the rates of the forward and reverse
reactions for the new equilibrium have
11. An indication that an equilibrium system favours the products is a
A. large Keq .
B. positive H.
C. one step mechanism.
D. low activation energy.
12. The relationship between Keq and the pressure of a gaseous equilibrium at constant
temperature can be described by

2NO2(g) N2O4(g)
A 1.00 L flask contains 0.030 mol NO2 and 0.040 mol N2O4 at equilibrium.
The value of Keq is
A. 0.023
B. 0.67
C. 1.3
D. 44
June 1999
7. Consider the following reaction:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3 (g) + energy
Which of the following describes the changes in enthalpy and entropy as the reaction
proceeds?

2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) + energy
Which of the following will cause this equilibrium to shift to the left?
A. adding a catalyst
B. adding some SO2
C. increasing the volume
D. decreasing the temperature
9. Methanol, CH3OH, can be produced by the following:

CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) + energy
The conditions that are necessary to maximize the equilibrium yield of CH3OH are
A. low temperature and low pressure.

B. high temperature and low pressure.
C. low temperature and high pressure.
D. high temperature and high pressure.
10. A catalyst is added to a system already at equilibrium. How are the forward and
reverse reaction rates affected by the addition of the catalyst?
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)
What is the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction?
A. Keq = [H2]2[O2]
[H2]2[O2]
B. Keq= ---------------
[H2O]2
[H2O]2
C. Keq= ---------------
[H2]2[O2]
1
D. Keq= ------------------
[H2]2[O2]
12. The relationship between Keq and temperature for an exothermic reaction is
represented by

2NOBr(g) 2NO(g) + Br2(g) Keq = 6.4 X 10-2
At equilibrium, a 1.00 L flask contains 0.030 mol NOBr and 0.030 mol NO.
How many mol Br2 are present?
A. 1.9 103 mol

B. 6.4 102 mol
C. 3.0 102 mol
D. 4.7 101 mol
August 1999
7. At different conditions, the relationship between the forward and reverse rates of
reaction in an equilibrium system can be represented by

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O (g) + energy
Which of the following will cause the equilibrium to shift to the left?
A. adding H2O(g)
B. removing some NO (g)
C. increasing the volume

2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2 (g) + energy
When the volume of the container is increased, the equilibrium shifts to the
A. left and Keq decreases.

B. right and Keq increases.
C. left and Keq remains constant.
D. right and Keq remains constant.
4HCl (g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g) + 2Cl2 (g) + energy
The temperature of the equilibrium system is increased and a new equilibrium is
established. The rates of the forward and reverse reactions for the new equilibrium
compared to the original equilibrium have

2Hg(g) + O2(g) 2HgO(s)
The equilibrium constant expression for the reaction is
12. The value of Keq changes when
A. a catalyst is added.
B. the temperature changes.
C. the surface area changes.
D. the concentration of reactants changes.

PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
A 1.00 L flask contains 0.0200 mol PCl5, 0.0500 mol PCl3 and 0.0500 mol Cl2 at
equilibrium. The value of Keq is
A. 0.125
B. 2.50
C. 5.00
D. 8.00
January 2000

N2(g) + 2O2(g) 2NO2(g)
Equal moles of N2 and O2 are added, under certain conditions, to a closed container.
Which of the following describes the changes in the reverse reaction which occur as the
system proceeds toward equilibrium?
8. A chemical equilibrium is described as dynamic because
A. maximum randomness has been achieved.

B. the pressure and temperature do not change.
C. both reactants and products continue to form.
D. the concentrations of chemical species remain constant.
9. Which of the following reactions results in an entropy increase?
A. 2C(s) + O2(g) 2CO(g)

B. N2(g) + 2H2(g) N2H4(l)
C. 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
D. Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) AgCl(s)

CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) CH3COO- (aq) + H3O+ (aq) + heat
A stress was applied at time t1 and the data was plotted on the following graph:
The stress that was imposed at time t1 is the result of
A. the addition of HCl.

B. decreasing the temperature.
C. the addition of NaCH3COO.
D. increasing the volume of the container.
11. Consider the following potential energy diagram for an equilibrium system:
When the temperature of the system is increased, the equilibrium shifts to the
A. left and the Keq increases.

B. left and the Keq decreases.
C. right and the Keq increases.
D. right and the Keq decreases.
12. What is the Keq expression for the following equilibrium?

3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)

2O3(g) 3O2(g) Keq= 65
Initially, 0.10 mole of O3 and 0.10 mole of O2 are placed in a 1.0L container. Which of
the following describes the changes in concentrations as the reaction proceeds toward
equilibrium?
April 2000
7. Which of the following applies to a chemical equilibrium?
I. Forward and reverse reaction rates are equal

II. Equilibrium can be achieved from either direction
III. Macroscopic properties are constant
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
8. In which of the following will the driving forces of minimum enthalpy and maximum
entropy oppose one another?
A. 2C(s) + O2(g) 2CO(g) H= -221kJ

B. 2N2(g) + O2(g) 2N2O(g) H= +164kJ
C. 2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g) H= -566kJ
D. 2CO2(g) + 6H2O(g) 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) H= +3122kJ

2CrO4 2- (aq) + 2H3O+ (aq) Cr2O7 2- (aq) + 3H2O(l)
(yellow) (orange)
An unknown solution is added to an orange equilibrium sample until the sample turns
yellow. The unknown solution could be
A. KNO3
B. NaOH
C. NH4NO3
D. CH3COOH
10. Ammonia, NH3 , is produced by the following reaction:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) + energy
Which of the following would result in the highest concentration of ammonia at
equilibrium?
A. increasing the temperature and increasing the pressure

B. decreasing the temperature and increasing the pressure
C. increasing the temperature and decreasing the pressure
D. decreasing the temperature and decreasing the pressure
11. What is the Keq expression for the following reaction?
SnO2(s) + 2CO(g) Sn(s) + 2CO2(g)

C(s) + 2H2(g) CH4(g) H = -74.8KJ
Which of the following will cause an increase in the value of Keq?
A. increasing [H2]
B. decreasing the volume
C. finely powdering the C (s)

H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)
At equilibrium [H2] = 0.00220 mol/L, [I2] = 0.00220 mol/L and [HI] = 0.0156mol/L.
The value of Keq is
A. 3.10 X 10-4
B. 1.99 X 10-2
C. 5.03 X 101
D. 3.22 X 103
June 2000

2NOCl(g) 2NO(g) + Cl2(g)
A flask of fixed volume is initially filled with NOCl(g), NO(g) and Cl2(g) . When
equilibrium is reached, the pressure has increased. To reach equilibrium, the reaction
proceeded to the
A. left because Trial Keq was less than Keq.

B. right because Trial Keq was less than Keq.
C. left because Trial Keq was greater than Keq .
D. right because Trial Keq was greater than Keq .
8. In which of the following do both minimum enthalpy and maximum entropy factors
favour the reactants?
A. Cl2(g) Cl2(aq) H= -25 kJ

B. C(s) + H2O(l) CO(g) + H2(g) H= +131kJ
C. 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g) C2H5OH(l) + 3O2 H= +1239kJ
D. Na2CO3(s) + HCl (aq) 2NaCl (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) H= -28kJ

H2 (g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)
Which graph represents what happens when some HI is removed and a new equilibrium
is established?

CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g) H= -41kJ
What will cause a shift in the equilibrium?
B. changing volume
C. adding an inert gas
D. changing temperature
11. The equilibrium expression for a reaction is
[H+]6
Keq = -------------------
[Bi3+]2[H2S]3
The reaction could be
A. 6H+ + BiS(s) 2Bi 3+ (aq) + 3H2S(g)

B. 6H+ (aq) + Bi2S3 (s) 2Bi 3+ (aq) + 3H2S(g)
C. 2Bi 3+ (aq) + 3H2S (aq) Bi2S3(s) + 6H+(aq)
D. 2Bi 3+ (aq) + 3H2S (aq) Bi2S3 (aq) + 6H+ (aq)
Co(H2O)6 2+ (aq) + 4Cl- CoCl42- (aq) + 6H2O(l)
(pink) (blue)
When the temperature is increased, the solution turns a dark blue. Based on this
observation, the reaction is
A. exothermic and the Keq has increased.

B. exothermic and the Keq has decreased.
C. endothermic and the Keq has increased.
D. endothermic and the Keq has decreased.

2O3(g) 3O2(g) Keq = 36
What is the concentration of O3 when the equilibrium concentration
Of O2 is 6.0 X 10-2 mol/L?
A. 2.4 X 10-3 mol/L

B. 4.0 X 10-2 mol/L
C. 6.0 X 10-2 mo/L
D. 9.0 X 10-2 mol/L
August 2000
7. Which of the following does not apply to all chemical equilibrium systems?
A. They are closed.

B. The macroscopic properties are constant.
C. Forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.
D. There are equal concentrations of reactants and products.

2NOCl(g) 2NO (g) + Cl2(g)
A flask is filled with NOCl, NO and Cl2. Initially there was a total of 5.0 moles of
gases present. When equilibrium is reached, there is a total of 6.0 moles of gases present.
Which of the following explains this observation?
A. The reaction proceeded left because the Trial Keq > Keq
B. The reaction proceeded left because the Trial Keq < Keq
C. The reaction proceeded right because the Trial Keq > Keq
D. The reaction proceeded right because the Trial Keq < Keq
C3H8 (g) + 5O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) H = -2202kJ
Which of the following applies to the forward reaction?
Entropy Enthalpy
A. increases increases
B. increases decreases
C. decreases increases
D. decreases decreases

2NO2(g) N2O4 (g) + energy
The number of moles of NO2 at equilibrium could be increased by
A. adding N2O4
B. adding a catalyst.
C. decreasing the temperature.
D. decreasing the volume by increasing the pressure.
11. What is the Keq expression for

Sb3+ (aq) + Cl-(aq) + H2O(l) SbOCl (s) + 2H+ (aq)

H2 (g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) Keq = 50.0
What is the value Keq for the reaction rewritten as:
2HI (g) H2(g) + I2(g) Keq = ?
A. 50.0
B. 0.0200
C. 25.0
D. 50.0
2NO2(g) N2O4 (g) Keq = 1.15
The equilibrium concentration of NO2 is 0.50 mol/L. Calculate the equilibrium
Concentration of N2O4 (g).
A. 0.22 mol/L
B. 0.29 mol/L
C. 0.43 mol/L
D. 0.58 mol/L
January 2001
7. All chemical equilibriums have:
I. rates that are continuing to change

II. an equilibrium constant expression
III. equal concentrations of products and reactants
A. II only
B. III only
C. I and II only
D. I and III only
8. From the following, select the situation where both enthalpy and entropy favour
the reaction toward products:
Enthalpy Entropy
A. increasing increasing
B. increasing decreasing
C. decreasing decreasing
D. decreasing increasing

2NO(g) + Br2(g) 2NOBr(g) + energy
B. adding some NO (g).
C. increasing the volume.
PCl3(g) + 3NH3(g) P(NH2)3 (g) + 3HCl(g)
The volume of the equilibrium system is increased and a new equilibrium is established.
How have the rates been affected?
Rate (forward) Rate (reverse)

A. increased decreased
B. decreased increased
C. decreased decreased
D. did not change did not change
11. Starting with equal moles of reactants, which of the following equilibrium systems
most favours the reactants?
A. SO2(g) + NO2(g) SO3 (g) + NO(g) Keq= 3.4

B. CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g) Keq= 31.4
C. H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) Keq= 10
D. N2 (g) + O2(g) 2NO(g) Keq= 1.0X10-31
12. Consider the following equilibrium reaction:

N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)
At time t1, heat is applied to the system. Which of the following best describes the
equilibrium reaction and the change in Keq?
A. exothermic and Keq increases

B. exothermic and Keq decreases
C. endothermic and Keq increases
D. endothermic and Keq decreases
13. Consider the following:
PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) PCl5(g) Keq = 0.45 at 227C

Initially, a 1.00L flask is filled with 0.100mol PCl3, 0.100mol Cl2, and 0.100mol PCl5
at 227C. Use KTrial to predict the change in [Cl2] as equilibrium is established.
April 2001

2ICl(g) I2(g) + Cl2(g)
Some ICl is added to an empty flask. How do the reaction rates change as
the system approaches equilibrium?
Forward rate Reverse rate

A. increases increases
B. increases decreases
C. decreases increases
8. In an equilibrium system, continuing microscopic changes indicate that the equilibrium

is
A. dynamic.
B. complete.
C. exothermic.
D. spontaneous.

4CuO(s) + energy 2Cu2O(s) + O2(g)
The equilibrium will shift to the right as a result of
A. adding CuO (s).

B. removing O2 (g).
C. adding a catalyst.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
The volume of the system is decreased. The equilibrium shifts
A. left since the reverse rate is greater than the forward rate.
B. left since the forward rate is greater than the reverse rate.
C. right since the reverse rate is greater than the forward rate.
D. right since the forward rate is greater than the reverse rate.
2SO3(g) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) kJ

When the temperature is increased, the equilibrium will shift
A. left with Keq becoming larger.

B. right with Keq becoming larger.
C. left with Keq becoming smaller.
D. right with Keq becoming smaller.
12. Starting with equal concentrations of reactants, which of the following will be
closest to completion at equilibrium?
A. CO(g) + Cl2(g) COCl2(g) Keq=22

B. PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) PCl5(g) Keq= 2.9 X 10-2
C. CO(g) + Cl2(g) COCl2(g) Keq=4.5 X 10 9
D. CH3O2 (g) + NO2(g) CH3O2NO2(g) Keq=2.1 X 10 -12

2COF2(g) CO2(g) + CF4(g)
At equilibrium, a 1.00L container contains 7.07 X 10-4 mol COF2, 1.00 X 10-3 mol CO2,
and 1.00 X 10-3 mol CF4. What is the value of Keq?
A. 7.07 X 10-4
B. 1.41 X 10-3
C. 0.500
D. 2.00
June 2001

2ICl(g) I2(g) + Cl2(g)
A closed container is initially filled with ICl (g). What are the changes in the
rate of the forward reaction and [I2], as the system approaches equilibrium?
8. The entropy of a system is a term used to describe
A. randomness.
B. heat content.
C. average kinetic energy.
D. stored chemical energy.

Cu2+ (aq) + 4Br-(aq) + energy CuBr4 2-(aq)
Blue colourless green
Which of the following will cause this equilibrium to change from blue to green?
A. adding NaBr (s)

B. adding NaNO3 (s)
C. adding a catalyst

Ni(s) + 4CO(g) Ni(CO)2(l) kJ
Which of the following will cause this equilibrium to shift to the left?
A. add some CO
B. decrease the volume
C. remove some Ni(CO)4
D. increase the temperature
N2O4(g) + energy 2NO2(g)
Which of the following shows the relationship between concentration and time
as a result of adding a catalyst at time t = 1?

H2S(g) + I2(s) 2HI(g) + S(s)
What is the equilibrium expression for this reaction?
[HI]2
A Keq=---------------
[H2S]
[H2S]
B. Keq=---------------
[HI]2
[HI]2[S]
C. Keq=---------------
[H2S]P[I2]
[H2S]P[I2]
D. Keq=---------------
[HI]2[S]

CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g) Keq = 5.0
At equilibrium, the [CO]= 0.20mol/L, [H2O]= 0.30mol/L, and [H2]= 0.90mol/L.
Calculate the equilibrium [CO2].
A. 0.013 mol/L C. 0.33 mol/L

B. 0.066 mol/L D. 1.0mol/L
CO2(g) + CF4(g) 2COF2(g) Keq= 0.50
In a reaction container the initial concentrations are:
[CO2]= 0.50mol/L, [CF4]= 0.50mol/L, [COF2]= 0.30 mol/L
To reach equilibrium, the reaction will proceed
A. left since Trial Keq < K eq

B. left since Trial Keq > K eq
C. right since Trial Keq < K eq
D. right since Trial Keq > K eq
August 2001
7. All chemical equilibriums must have
A. Keq = 1
B. [reactants]=[products].
C. rate forward = rate reverse.
D. mass of reactants = mass of products.

4HCl(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g) + 2Cl2(g) + 111.4kJ
For the forward reaction, how do enthalpy and entropy change?
Enthalpy Entropy
A. increases decreases
B. decreases decreases
C. increases increases
D. decreases increases

CH3Cl(aq) + OH- (aq) CH3OH(aq) + Cl-(aq)
The equilibrium will shift to the left as a result of the addition of
A. HNO3
B. KNO3
C. NaOH
D. CH3Cl
10. Consider the following equilibrium at 25C :
Ni(s) + 4CO(g) Ni(CO)4(l)

For this reaction
A. Keq = [CO]4
1
B. Keq= --------------
[CO]4
[Ni(CO)4(l)]
C. Keq= ----------------
[CO]4 [Ni]
[Ni(CO)4(l)]
D. Keq= ----------------
[CO]4

2COF2(g) CO2(g) + CF4(g) Keq=2.00
At equilibrium, [CO2]=0.050mol/L and [CF4]=0.050mol/L. What t is [COF2] at
equilibrium?
A. 0.0012 mol/L
B. 0.035 mol/L
C. 0.050 mol/L
D. 0.22 mol/L

H2O(g) + Cl2O(g) 2HOCl(g) Keq= 0.0900
Initially, a 1.00L flask is filled with 0.100mol of H2O, 0.100mol of Cl2O and 0.100mol of
HOCl. As equilibrium is established, the reaction proceeds to the
A. left because KTrial > K eq

B. left because KTrial < K eq
C. right because KTrial > K eq
D. right because KTrial < K eq
January 2002

2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
Initially, SO3 is added to an empty flask. How do the rate of the forward reaction and
[SO3] change as the system proceeds to equilibrium?

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) + energy
What positions do minimum enthalpy and maximum entropy tend toward?
Use the following equilibrium equation to answer questions 9 and 10.
CO2(g) + H2(g) H2O(g) + CO(g)
9. Which two stresses will each cause the equilibrium to shift to the left?
A. increase [H2] , increase [CO]

B. decrease [H2] , increase [H2O]
C. increase [CO2] , decrease [CO]
D. decrease [CO2] , decrease [H2O]
10. Which of the following graphs represents the forward rate of reaction when H2O(g) is
added to the above equilibrium at time t = 1 ?

2NH3 (g) N2(g) + 3H2(g)
Initially, some NH3 is placed into a 1.0L container. At equilibrium there is 0.030mol N2
present. What is the [H2] at this equilibrium?
A. 0.010 mol/L
B. 0.030 mol/L
C. 0.060 mol/L
D. 0.090 mol/L
12. Which reaction has the following equilibrium expression?
[NO2]4[H2O]6
Keq=-----------------
[NH3]4[O2]7
A. 4NH3(g) + 7O2(g) 4NO2(g) + 6H2O(g)

B. 4NH3(aq) + 7O2(g) 4NO2(aq) + 6H2O(l)
C. 4NO2(aq) + 6H2O(l) 4NH3(g) + 7O2(g)
D. 4NO2(g) + 6H2O(g) 4NH3(g) + 7O2(g)
13. What will cause the Keq for an exothermic reaction to increase?
A. increasing [reactants]
B. decreasing [products]
C. increasing the temperature
April 2002

H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)
Initially, HI is added to an empty flask. How do the rates of the forward and reverse
reactions change as the system proceeds to equilibrium?

2H2O(l) + energy 2H2 (g) + O2(g)
Determine the enthalpy and entropy changes for the above reaction?
2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g) + energy
9. Which of the following two stresses will each cause the system to shift to the right?
A. increase temperature, increase volume

B. decrease temperature, increase volume
C. increase temperature, decrease volume
D. decrease temperature, decrease volume
10. Which of the following shows the forward rate of reaction when the temperature of
the system is increased at time t = 1 ?

2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
Initially, 0.030mol SO2 and 0.030mol O2 are placed into a 1.0L container. At equilibrium,
there is 0.020 mol O2 present. What is the [SO2] at equilibrium?
A. 0.010 mol/L
B. 0.020 mol/L
C. 0.030 mol/L
D. 0.040 mol/L
12. What is the equilibrium expression for the following system?

CaCO3(s) + 2HF(g) CaF2(s) + H2O(g) + CO2(g)
[HF]2 [H2O][CO2]
A. Keq=-------------------- C. Keq= ---------------
[H2O][CO2] [CaCO3][HF]2
[H2O][CO2] [CaF2] [H2O][CO2]

B. Keq=---------------- D. Keq= ----------------------
[HF]2 [CaCO3][HF]2
13. What will cause the Keq for an endothermic reaction to decrease?
B. increasing the surface area
June 2002
7) Consider the following :

2HBr(g) H2(g) + Br2(g)
Initially, HBr is added to an empty flask. How do the rate of the forward reaction
and the [HBr] change as the system proceeds to equilibrium?
Forward Rate [HBr]

A. Decreases Decreases
B. Decreases Increases
C. Increases Increases
D. Increases Decreases
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) + energy
8) Which of the following two stresses will each cause the system to shift to the right?
A. decrease temperature, decrease [O2]

B. increase temperature, increase [SO3]
C. increase temperature, decrease [SO3]
D. decrease temperature, increase [SO2]
9) Which of the following graphs shows the reverse rate of reaction when a catalyst is
added to the equilibrium at time = t1?
10) Consider the following: ?
2N2(g) + O2(g) + energy 2N2O(g)
Minimum Maximum
Enthalpy Entropy
A. products products
B. products reactants
C. reactants products
D. reactants reactants
11) Consider the following:

H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)
Initially, some HI is placed into a 1.0L container. At equilibrium there is

0.010 mol H2, 0.010 mol I2 and 0.070 mol HI present.
How many moles of HI were initially added to the container?
A. 0.060 mol
B. 0.070 mol
C. 0.080 mol
D. 0.090 mol
12) What is the equilibrium expression for the following system?
4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) 2Fe2O3(s)
A. Keq = [O2]3
1
B. Keq =
[O2]3
[Fe2O3]2
C. Keq =
[Fe]4[O2]3
[2Fe2O3]
D. keq =
[4Fe][3O2]
13) What will cause the value of Keq for an endothermic reaction to increase?
A. increasing [products]
B. decreasing [products]
14) Consider the following equilibrium:
N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)
An equilibrium mixture contains 4.0 10-2 mol N2O4 and 1.5 10-2 mol NO2
In a 1.0L flask. What is the value of Keq?
A. 5.6 10-3
B. 3.8 10-1
C. 7.5 10-1
D. 1.8 102
August 2002

2NH3(g) N2(g) +3H2(g)
Initially, NH3 is added to an empty flask. How do the rates of the forward and
Reverse reactions change as the system proceeds to equilibrium?
Forward Rate Reverse Rate

A. Increases Increase
B. Increases Decreases
C. Decreases Increases
8) Consider the following: ?

H2(g) + Br2(l) 2HBr(g) + energy
Minimum Enthalpy Maximum Entropy

A. Products Products
B. Products Reactants
C. Reactants Products
D. Reactants Reactants
H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) + energy
9) Which of the following stresses will not cause s shift in equilibrium?
A. decrease [I2]
B. increase [H2]
C. decrease volume
D. increase temperature
10) Which of the following shows the reverse rate of reaction when the volume is
decreased at time = t1?

2SO3(g) 2SO2(g) + O2(g)
Initially, some SO3 is placed into a 3.0L container. At equilibrium there is

0.030 mol SO2 present. What is the [O2] at equilibrium?
A. 0.0050 mol/L
B. 0.010 mol/L
C. 0.015 mol/L
D. 0.030 mol/L
12) Which reaction has the following equilibrium expression?

[PCl5]
Keq =
[PCl3][Cl2]
A. PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) PCl5(g)

B. PCl3(g) + Cl2(l) PCl5(g)
C. PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
D. PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(l)
13) What will cause the value of Keq for an exothermic reaction to decrease?
A. increasing the pressure

B. increasing the temperature
C. decreasing the temperature
D. decreasing the surface area
H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)
An equilibrium mixture contains 1.0 10-3 mol H2, 2.0 10-3 mol I2
And 1.0 10-2 mol HI in a 1.0L container. What is the value of Keq?
A. 2.0 10-2
B. 5.0 101
C. 50 103
D. 1.0 104
January 2003
7) Which of the factors below is not a condition necessary for equilibrium?
A. a closed system
B. a constant temperature
C. equal forward and reverse reaction rates
D. equal concentrations of reactants and products
8) In order for a chemical reaction to go to completion, how must the entropy and
enthalpy change?
Entropy Enthalpy
A. Increases Increases
C. Decreases Increases
D. Decreases Decreases
9) Consider the following equilibrium system:
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) Keq = 1.2 104
If additional SO2 is added to the system, what happens to the equilibrium and
The value of Keq?
Equilibrium Keq
A. Shifts left Decreases
B. Shifts right Increases
C. Shifts right No change
D. No change No change
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
Determine the changes in reaction rates as a catalyst is added.

C. Decrease Increases
D. Decreases Decreases
2KClO3(s) 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)

Which of the following is the equilibrium constant expression?
A. Keq = [O2]3
1
B. Keq =
[O2]3
[KClO3]2
C. Keq =
[KCl]2[O2]3
[KCl]2[O2]3
D. Keq =
[KClO3]2
CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) CH4(g) + 2O2(g)
Which of the options below indicates that the reactants are favoured?
A. Keq is aero.
B. Keq is very large.
C. Keq is slightly less than 1.
D. Keq is slightly greater than 1.
How are Keq is [N2O4] affected by the addition of Ne (an inert gas) into the
Container at constant volume.
Keq [N2O4]
A. No change No change
B. No change Increases
C. Increases Decreases
D. decreases increases
Cl2(g) + 2NO(g) 2NOCl(g) Keq = 5.0
At equilibrium, [Cl2] = 1.0M and [NO] = 2.0M. What is the [NOCl] at equilibrium?
A. 0.80 M
B. 0.89 M
C. 4.5 M
D. 10 M
April 2003
7) For the equilibrium system below:
Cu(s) + 2Ag+(aq) 2Ag(s) + Cu+2(aq)
We would know the system is at equilibrium because
A. [Cu+2] = [Ag+]
B. 2[Cu+2] = [Ag+]
C. the mass of Cu(s) remains constant.
D. the mass of the entire system remains constant.
8) For the reacting system:
2Li(s) + 2H2O(l) 2LiOH(aq) + H2(g) H = -433 KJ
What will entropy and enthalpy factors favour?
Entropy Enthalpy
A. Products Reactants
B. Products Products
C. Reactants Reactants
D. Reactants Products
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
If some Ne gas is added at a constant volume then how will [N2], [H2] and Keq
be affected?
[N2] [H2] Keq

A. Increases Increases Decreases
B. Decreases Decreases Increases
C. Decreases Increases Does not change
D. Does not change Does not change Does not change
10) What is the effect of adding a catalyst to an equilibrium system?
A. The value of Ea increases.

B. The value of Keq increases.
C. Forward and reverse rates increase.
D. The concentration of products increases.
2CrO42-(aq) + 2H+(aq) Cr2O72-(aq) + H2O(l)
What is the Keq expression?
[CrO42-]2[H+]2
A.
[Cr2O72-]
[Cr2O72-]
B.
[CrO42-]2[H+]2
[Cr2O72-]
C.
[2CrO42-][2H+]
[Cr2O72-][H2O]
D.
[CrO42-]2[H+]2
12) A container is initially filled with pure SO3. After a period of time, the following
equilibrium is established:
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) Keq = 7.0 1025
What does this equilibrium mixture contain?

A. mostly products
B. mostly reactants
3 2
C. reactants and products
5 5
D. equal amounts of reactants and products.
2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g) Keq = 4.0 10-10
What is the value of Keq for 2CO2(g) 2CO(g) + O2(g) ?
A. 4.0 10-10
B. 2.0 10-5
C. 5.0 104
D. 2.5 109
H2(g) + Br2(g) 2HBr(g) H = -36KJ
How could the value of Keq be increased?
A. add H2
B. add HBr
C. increase the pressure
D. reduce the temperature
June 2003
7) Consider the following PE diagram:

Identify the activation energy for the forward uncatalysed reaction.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
8) In which of the following will entropy and enthalpy factors favour the
establishment of an equilibrium?
?
A. CaCO3(s) + 178KJ CaO(s) + CO2(g)
?
B. Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) + 425KJ
?
C. 2C(s) + 2H2(g) C2H4(g) H = +52.3KJ
?
D. 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(g) H = -1560 KJ
CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) H = -91KJ
Which of the factors below would increase the concentration of

CH3OH at equilibrium?
A. an addition of CO
B. an increase in the volume
C. a decrease in the pressure
D. an increase in the temperature

PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) PCl5(g)
If the volume of the system is decreased, how will the reaction rates in the new
equilibrium compare with the rates in the original equilibrium?

C. Decreases Decreases
D. Decreases Increases

H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) H = -71.9KJ
Colourless purple colourless
Which of the following would allow you to conclude that the system has reached
equilibrium?
A. The pressure remains constant.

B. The reaction rates become zero.
C. The colour intensity remains constant.
D. The system shifts completely to the right.

Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)
Identify the equilibrium constant expression.
[CO2]3
A. Keq =
[CO]3
[CO2]
B. Keq =
[CO]
[CO2]3[Fe]2
C. Keq =
[Fe2O3][CO]3
[Fe2O3][CO]3
D.Keq =
[CO2]3[Fe]2
2NO(g) + Cl2(g) 2NOCl(g) H = -77KJ
In which direction will the equilibrium shifts and what happens to the value of
Keq when the temperature of the system is increased?
Shift Keq
A. Right Increases
B. Right Decreases
C. Left Increases
D. Left Decreases
CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g)
At equilibrium it was found that [CO] = 0.105 mol/L, [H2] = 0.250 mol/L and
[CH3OH] = 0.00261 mol/L. Which of the following is the equilibrium constant
value?
A. 9.94 10-2
B. 0.398
C. 2.51
D. 10.0
August 2003
H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)
How will the forward and reverse equilibrium reaction rates change when
additional H2 is added to the system?

A. Increase Increase
B. Increase Decrease
C. Decrease Increase
D. No change No change
8) Consider the following system at equilibrium:
H2O(g) + CO(g) CO2(g) + H2(g)
This equilibrium will shift right as the result of the addition of some extra H2O.
How will this shift affect the concentrations of the other gases?
[CO] [CO2] [H2]
A. Increases Decreases Decreases
B. Increases Increases Decreases
C. Decreases Increases Increases
D. Deceases Decreases Increases
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
Which of the following factors will not alter the position of equilibrium?
A. a pressure decrease
B. a temperature increase
C. the presence of a catalyst
D. the addition for more N2(g)
Which of the following graphs shows the result of increasing the temperature
at time t1?
11) Consider the following equilibrium and the table of experimental data:
N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)
Initial Equilibrium
[N2O4] [NO2] [N2O4] [NO2]

Trial 1 0.0400 0.0000 0.0337 0.0125
Trial 2 0.0200 0.0600 0.0429 0.0141
Which of the following represents the Keq value?
A. 4.64 10-3
B. 3.71 10-1
C. 7.42 10-1
D. 2.16 102
12) Which of the following is least likely to favour the formation of products?
A. 2H2O(g) 2H2(g) + O2(g) Keq = 7.3 10-18

B. N2O(g) + NO2(g) 3NO(g) Keq = 4.2 10-4
C. N2O4(g) 2NO2(g) Keq = 4.5
D. SO2(g) + NO2(g) NO(g) + SO3(g) Keq = 85

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
What is the final result of adding some NH3 gas to the system at constant volume?
A. Keq increases.
B. [H2] decreases.
C. [NH3] decreases.
D. Keq remains unchanged.
14) Consider the following system:

2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g)
A container is initially filled with CO and O2. How will the [CO] and [CO2]
change as the system reaches equilibrium?
[CO] [CO2]
A. Increase Decrease
B. Increase Increase
C. Decrease Decrease
D. decrease increase
Answer Key
January 1999 April 1999 June 1999 August 1999

7 C 7 D 7 C 7 A
8 B 8 C 8 C 8 A
9 C 9 C 9 C 9 C
10 A 10 A 10 A 10 A
11 D 11 A 11 D 11 A
12 C 12 D 12 A 12 B
13 C 13 D 13 B 13 A
7 A 7 D 7 B 7 D
8 C 8 C 8 C 8 D
9 A 9 B 9 B 9 B
10 C 10 B 10 D 10 A
11 B 11 B 11 C 11 A
12 C 12 D 12 C 12 B
13 B 13 C 13 A 13 B

7 A 7 C 7 A 7 C
8 D 8 A 8 A 8 B
9 C 9 B 9 A 9 A
10 C 10 D 10 D 10 B
11 D 11 B 11 C 11 B
12 C 12 A 12 A 12 A
13 A 13 D 13 C
14 C

7 D 7 B 7 A 7 C
8 D 8 C 8 D 8 A
9 B 9 D 9 B 9 C
10 C 10 B 10 D 10 C
11 D 11 A 11 D 11 A
12 A 12 B 12 B 12 A
13 D 13 D 13 C 13 B
14 A 14 B
7 D 7 C 7 B 7 A
8 B 8 B 8 A 8 C
9 C 9 D 9 A 9 C
10 A 10 C 10 A 10 A
11 A 11 B 11 C 11 A
12 C 12 A 12 A 12 A
13 A 13 D 13 D 13 D
14 C 14 D 14 B 14 D

Equilibrium MC

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Equilibrium Multiple Choice

7. Consider the following graph:

When equilibrium is reached, the rate of the forward reaction is

8. Consider the following equilibrium:

9. Ethene, C2H4, can be produced in the following industrial system:

A. low temperature and low pressure.

11. Consider the following equilibrium:

7. Consider the following PE diagram for a reversible reaction:

Which of the following describes this reaction?

8. Consider the following equilibrium:

9. Consider the following equilibrium:

A. left and Keq increases.

11. An indication that an equilibrium system favours the products is a

13. Consider the following equilibrium:

7. Consider the following reaction:

8. Consider the following equilibrium:

9. Methanol, CH3OH, can be produced by the following:

A. low temperature and low pressure.

13. Consider the following equilibrium:

A. 1.9 103 mol

8. Consider the following equilibrium:

9. Consider the following equilibrium:

A. left and Keq decreases.

11. Consider the following reaction:

12. The value of Keq changes when

13. Consider the following equilibrium:

7. Consider the following equilibrium:

8. A chemical equilibrium is described as dynamic because

A. maximum randomness has been achieved.

9. Which of the following reactions results in an entropy increase?

A. 2C(s) + O2(g) 2CO(g)

10. Consider the following equilibrium:

The stress that was imposed at time t1 is the result of

A. the addition of HCl.

A. left and the Keq increases.

12. What is the Keq expression for the following equilibrium?

13. Consider the following equilibrium:

7. Which of the following applies to a chemical equilibrium?

I. Forward and reverse reaction rates are equal

A. 2C(s) + O2(g) 2CO(g) H= -221kJ

9. Consider the following equilibrium:

10. Ammonia, NH3 , is produced by the following reaction:

A. increasing the temperature and increasing the pressure

12. Consider the following reaction:

13. Consider the following equilibrium:

7. Consider the following equilibrium:

A. left because Trial Keq was less than Keq.

A. Cl2(g) Cl2(aq) H= -25 kJ

9. Consider the following equilibrium:

10. Consider the following equilibrium:

11. The equilibrium expression for a reaction is

The reaction could be

A. 6H+ + BiS(s) 2Bi 3+ (aq) + 3H2S(g)

A. exothermic and the Keq has increased.

13. Consider the following equilibrium:

A. 2.4 X 10-3 mol/L

A. They are closed.

8. Consider the following equilibrium:

10. Consider the following equilibrium:

11. What is the Keq expression for

12. Consider the following equilibrium:

7. All chemical equilibriums have:

I. rates that are continuing to change