5/13/2017 DepartmentofLaborandEmploymentLaborCodes

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CONTENTS TitleI
TERMINATIONOFEMPLOYMENT
LaborCodeofthePhilippines
Art.278.Coverage.TheprovisionsofthisTitleshallapplytoallestablishmentsorundertakings,whetherforprofitornot.
ThePhilippineLaborandEmployment
Art.279.Securityoftenure.Incasesofregularemployment,theemployershallnotterminatetheservicesofanemployeeexcept
Plan20112016
forajustcauseorwhenauthorizedbythisTitle.Anemployeewhoisunjustlydismissedfromworkshallbeentitledtoreinstatement
IntegrityDevelopmentInitiative withoutlossofseniorityrightsandotherprivilegesandtohisfullbackwages,inclusiveofallowances,andtohisotherbenefitsor
theirmonetaryequivalentcomputedfromthetimehiscompensationwaswithheldfromhimuptothetimeofhisactual
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reinstatement.(AsamendedbySection34,RepublicActNo.6715,March21,1989)
PressReleaseArchive Art.280.Regularandcasualemployment.Theprovisionsofwrittenagreementtothecontrarynotwithstandingandregardlessof
theoralagreementoftheparties,anemploymentshallbedeemedtoberegularwheretheemployeehasbeenengagedtoperform
MonthlyNewsletter
activitieswhichareusuallynecessaryordesirableintheusualbusinessortradeoftheemployer,exceptwheretheemployment
Issuances hasbeenfixedforaspecificprojectorundertakingthecompletionorterminationofwhichhasbeendeterminedatthetimeofthe
engagementoftheemployeeorwheretheworkorservicetobeperformedisseasonalinnatureandtheemploymentisforthe
InvitationtoBid durationoftheseason.

FrequentlyAskedQuestions Anemploymentshallbedeemedtobecasualifitisnotcoveredbytheprecedingparagraph:Provided,Thatanyemployeewho
hasrenderedatleastoneyearofservice,whethersuchserviceiscontinuousorbroken,shallbeconsideredaregularemployee
DownloadableForms withrespecttotheactivityinwhichheisemployedandhisemploymentshallcontinuewhilesuchactivityexists.

PerformanceBasedIncentiveSystem Art.281.Probationaryemployment.Probationaryemploymentshallnotexceedsix(6)monthsfromthedatetheemployeestarted
working,unlessitiscoveredbyanapprenticeshipagreementstipulatingalongerperiod.Theservicesofanemployeewhohas
RELATEDLINKS beenengagedonaprobationarybasismaybeterminatedforajustcauseorwhenhefailstoqualifyasaregularemployeein
accordancewithreasonablestandardsmadeknownbytheemployertotheemployeeatthetimeofhisengagement.Anemployee
StatutoryMonetaryBenefits whoisallowedtoworkafteraprobationaryperiodshallbeconsideredaregularemployee.
Art.282.Terminationbyemployer.Anemployermayterminateanemploymentforanyofthefollowingcauses:
ListofHolidays
1.Seriousmisconductorwillfuldisobediencebytheemployeeofthelawfulordersofhisemployerorrepresentativein
MinimumWageOrder
connectionwithhiswork
VoluntaryCodeofGoodPractices
2.Grossandhabitualneglectbytheemployeeofhisduties
AssistanceDesksandDeskOfficers
3.Fraudorwillfulbreachbytheemployeeofthetrustreposedinhimbyhisemployerordulyauthorizedrepresentative
BarangayVAWDeskHandbook

Q&AonNCR'sNewWageOrder 4.Commissionofacrimeoroffensebytheemployeeagainstthepersonofhisemployeroranyimmediatememberofhis
familyorhisdulyauthorizedrepresentativesand
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5.Othercausesanalogoustotheforegoing.
Bureaus
Art.283.Closureofestablishmentandreductionofpersonnel.Theemployermayalsoterminatetheemploymentofany
RegionalOffices
employeeduetotheinstallationoflaborsavingdevices,redundancy,retrenchmenttopreventlossesortheclosingorcessationof
AttachedAgencies operationoftheestablishmentorundertakingunlesstheclosingisforthepurposeofcircumventingtheprovisionsofthisTitle,by
servingawrittennoticeontheworkersandtheMinistryofLaborandEmploymentatleastone(1)monthbeforetheintendeddate
PhilippineOverseasLaborOffices thereof.Incaseofterminationduetotheinstallationoflaborsavingdevicesorredundancy,theworkeraffectedtherebyshallbe
entitledtoaseparationpayequivalenttoatleasthisone(1)monthpayortoatleastone(1)monthpayforeveryyearofservice,
SEARCHJOBS whicheverishigher.Incaseofretrenchmenttopreventlossesandincasesofclosuresorcessationofoperationsofestablishment
orundertakingnotduetoseriousbusinesslossesorfinancialreverses,theseparationpayshallbeequivalenttoone(1)monthpay
oratleastonehalf(1/2)monthpayforeveryyearofservice,whicheverishigher.Afractionofatleastsix(6)monthsshallbe
consideredone(1)wholeyear.
Art.284.Diseaseasgroundfortermination.Anemployermayterminatetheservicesofanemployeewhohasbeenfoundtobe
sufferingfromanydiseaseandwhosecontinuedemploymentisprohibitedbylaworisprejudicialtohishealthaswellastothe
WORKINGABROAD?
healthofhiscoemployees:Provided,Thatheispaidseparationpayequivalenttoatleastone(1)monthsalaryortoonehalf(1/2)
CheckYourPlacementAgencyStatus monthsalaryforeveryyearofservice,whicheverisgreater,afractionofatleastsix(6)monthsbeingconsideredasone(1)whole
year.

https://www.dole.gov.ph/labor_codes/view/7 1/2
5/13/2017 DepartmentofLaborandEmploymentLaborCodes
Art.285.Terminationbyemployee.
1.Anemployeemayterminatewithoutjustcausetheemployeeemployerrelationshipbyservingawrittennoticeonthe
employeratleastone(1)monthinadvance.Theemployeruponwhomnosuchnoticewasservedmayholdtheemployee
liablefordamages.

2.Anemployeemayputanendtotherelationshipwithoutservinganynoticeontheemployerforanyofthefollowingjust
causes:

1.Seriousinsultbytheemployerorhisrepresentativeonthehonorandpersonoftheemployee

2.Inhumanandunbearabletreatmentaccordedtheemployeebytheemployerorhisrepresentative

3.Commissionofacrimeoroffensebytheemployerorhisrepresentativeagainstthepersonoftheemployeeoranyofthe
immediatemembersofhisfamilyand

4.Othercausesanalogoustoanyoftheforegoing.

Art.286.Whenemploymentnotdeemedterminated.Thebonafidesuspensionoftheoperationofabusinessorundertakingfor
aperiodnotexceedingsix(6)months,orthefulfillmentbytheemployeeofamilitaryorcivicdutyshallnotterminateemployment.In
allsuchcases,theemployershallreinstatetheemployeetohisformerpositionwithoutlossofseniorityrightsifheindicateshis
desiretoresumehisworknotlaterthanone(1)monthfromtheresumptionofoperationsofhisemployerorfromhisrelieffromthe
militaryorcivicduty.
TitleII
RETIREMENTFROMTHESERVICE
Art.287.Retirement.Anyemployeemayberetireduponreachingtheretirementageestablishedinthecollectivebargaining
agreementorotherapplicableemploymentcontract.
Incaseofretirement,theemployeeshallbeentitledtoreceivesuchretirementbenefitsashemayhaveearnedunderexistinglaws
andanycollectivebargainingagreementandotheragreements:Provided,however,Thatanemployeesretirementbenefitsunder
anycollectivebargainingandotheragreementsshallnotbelessthanthoseprovidedtherein.
Intheabsenceofaretirementplanoragreementprovidingforretirementbenefitsofemployeesintheestablishment,anemployee
uponreachingtheageofsixty(60)yearsormore,butnotbeyondsixtyfive(65)yearswhichisherebydeclaredthecompulsory
retirementage,whohasservedatleastfive(5)yearsinthesaidestablishment,mayretireandshallbeentitledtoretirementpay
equivalenttoatleastonehalf(1/2)monthsalaryforeveryyearofservice,afractionofatleastsix(6)monthsbeingconsideredas
onewholeyear.
Unlessthepartiesprovideforbroaderinclusions,thetermonehalf(1/2)monthsalaryshallmeanfifteen(15)daysplusonetwelfth
(1/12)ofthe13thmonthpayandthecashequivalentofnotmorethanfive(5)daysofserviceincentiveleaves.
Retail,serviceandagriculturalestablishmentsoroperationsemployingnotmorethanten(10)employeesorworkersareexempted
fromthecoverageofthisprovision.
ViolationofthisprovisionisherebydeclaredunlawfulandsubjecttothepenalprovisionsunderArticle288ofthisCode.

DatePosted:October4th,200912:00AM

Copyright@2013DEPARTMENTOFLABORANDEMPLOYMENT.AllRightsReserved.

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