Department of Mechanical Engineering

SHRI SAI POLYTECHNIC, CHANDRAPUR.

CHANDRAPUR - 442401(MH)

A Project Report on

PEDAL OPERATED WASHING MACHINE"

Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Diploma in Mechanical
Engineering .

Submitted by :

Prajwal S. Kamble (G.L.) Vishal B. Mandal

Mahesh B. Potraje Nilesh K. Mahse

Gajanan B. Rathod Sahil S. Khobragade

Under the guidance of :

Prof. S.M. DHENGLE
( LECTURERS IN MECHANICAL DEPT.)
 CERTIFICATE

This is certified that the project entitled PEDAL OPERATED WASHING

MACHINE in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the diploma in
Mechanical Engineering of (MSBTE) Mumbai , is a record of student own work carried
under our supervision and guidance. The project report embodies result of original work and
studies carried out by student and the content do not forms the basis for the award of any
other diploma to the candidate or to anybody else.

SUBMITTED BY-

Prajwal S. Kamble (G.L.) Vishal B. Mandal

Mahesh B. Potraje Nilesh K. Mahse

Gajanan B. Rathod Sahil S. Khobragade

In the fulfillment for the award of diploma in mechanical Engineering By M.S.B.T.E.

Mumbai in an award of their own work carried out by them under the guidance and
supervision for the academic

Session 2016-2017

Prof. S.M. DHENGLE Prof. R. B. CHARDE SIR Prof. S. N. PILLARE SIR

(Project Guide) ( H. O. D.) (Principal)

Dept. of Mechanical Engg. Dept. of Mechanical Engg. Dept. of Mechanical Engg.

Shri Sai Poly, Chandrapur Shri Sai Poly, Chandrapur Shri Sai Poly, Chandrapur
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that we are Student of Mechanical Engineering , Shri Sai

Polytechnic , Chandrapur .We are working on project under the guidance of Prof. A. Landge.
Further, this work has been submitted in full to obtained diploma in the studies described in
this report entitled PEDAL OPERATED WASHING MACHINE in subject Mechanical
engineering is carried out by us.

Prajwal S. Kamble (G.L.)

Mahesh Potraje

Gajanan Rathod

Vishal B. Mandal

Sahil Khobragade

Nilesh Mahse

EXAMINER CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that dissertation on

PEDAL OPERATED WASHING MACHINE"

 Is examined by the following Examiner on date

/ 04/2017

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are sincerely thankful to Prof. S.M. DHENGLE Workshop Superintendent for his
valuable guidance and encouragement time to time. All other members of Faculty of
Mechanical, SSPC for giving us time to time support in doing this project. We express a word
of thanks to our friends for their constant support, suggestions and encouragement during
preparation of this project. Finally, we thank God for giving us the loving siblings and
affectionate parents, who blessed us with everything all throughout our life. Our gratitude to
them cannot be expressed in words. To them we owe our wonderful today and a dream filled
tomorrow.

We express our deep sense of gratitude to HOD, Prof. R. B. CHARDE, Mechanical

Department, Shri Sai Polytechnic, Chandrapur . For giving us opportunity to carry out this
project. With immense pleasure we express our deep sense of gratitude and respectful to .
S.M. DHENGLE who was guiding us by giving his valuable suggestions, constructive
criticism and encouragement, which helped us to keep our spirits high and to deal with
problems. His meticulous methodology, critical assessment and warm encouragement made it
possible for me to bring the work in its present shape.
 ABSTRACT

Pedal Operated Washing Machine (POWM) is a low cost washing machine made up
of easily and readily available scrap parts in daily life. It is a machine which generates power
through human pedaling and with the drive mechanism, converts the pedaling motion into
required rotary motion of the drum. Its innovation lies in its simple design, use of inexpensive
parts, very low repairing and maintenance cost, affordability to each member of the society
and it does not affect the environment. Our team intends to directly address the problems
faced in washing clothes, and thus have developed a new design for easy effort in washing,
rinsing and drying clothes. POWM is a completely new concept, which in its one laundry
cycle does washing, rinsing and drying of clothes similar to that of an automatic washing
machine available in the market.
CONTENT

Introduction
Literature Survey
Principle
Design Consideration
Construction
Working
Calculations
Costing
Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications
Future Scope
Reference
Actual Photographs
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION

A pedal-powered washing machine would allow women to wash clothes faster and
with less strain. It project covers one of the daily house-hold activities (washing clothes) but
solves a lot of other problems with it as well. We all wash clothes either by our hands or use
power driven washing machines. Over the years, this has been either a very strenuous and
time consuming or an expensive process. The project intends to solve the problem faced by
so many persons in their day-to-day life.

In the rural areas where electric supply is unavailable and expensive, powered
washing machines becomes almost impractical. It is a project, which is under taken to solve
the problem of electric supply of people. At village, to run washing machine source of power
is electricity. In India most of village is suffering from shortage of electricity. This project is
especially very useful for the hostel Boys. Several attempts have been made to develop a
solution for these areas and to solve these problems, but either the project in itself becomes
very expensive, or the repair and maintenance of the machines require a lot of money and
imported parts to replace. In developing countries, rural women are among the least
privileged. Women are both essential to the family unit and integral to the economy, yet they
rarely have equal opportunities for education, career development, or social status when
compared to men. One factor behind the inequality is the long list of responsibilities that
traditionally fall to Women. Not only do women perform agricultural duties and care for
livestock alongside men, but women are also responsible for many domestic chores. Usually,
new technology improves people's efficiency, but women benefit less from new technology
for several reasons.
 A pedal-powered washing machine would allow women to wash clothes faster and
with less strain. When asked what they would do with their free time, women said that they
would try to generate income by making crafts or food to sell. Young daughters who help
their mothers with domestic chores may also have the opportunity to concentrate more on
their studies. Laundromat micro-enterprises may even arise if our washing machines are
successful. Conditions vary in developing countries, but women in many regions are washing
clothes manually while they could be doing more profitable or rewarding work elsewhere.
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
 LITERATURE SURVEY OF THE PEDAL POWERED
WASHING MACHINE

The Pedal Operated washing machine used to wash clothes. POWM helps to obtain a
less effort uniform washing. It can be used in places where Electricity is not available. It is
designed as portable one which can be used for washing in various Places. The main parts of
are washing machine are sprocket and chain drive, wheel and multi utility drum. By pedaling
the rotation is transmitted from chain drive , belt drive and at last to gears hence it rotates the
impeller multiutility drum for the washing. Thus wash the clothes without any external
energy like fuel or current. Since this uses no electric power and fuel, this is very cheap and
best.

The surveys of the literature regarding the POWM are listed: Dharwa Chaitanya Kirti
Kumar designed and developed a multipurpose machine which does not require electricity for
several operations like cutting, grinding etc. This is a human powered machine runs on chain
drives mainly with human efforts. But if you wanted to operate this machine by electric
power this machine can also does that. It has some special attachment so use both human
power as well as electric power. The design is ideal for use in the developing world because it
doesnt require electricity and can be built using metal base, chain, pulley ,rubber belt,
grinding wheel, saw, bearing, foot pedal (for operated by human) ,electric motor, chain
socket. S.G. Bahaley , Dr. Ague, Awate, S.V.Saharkar designed and fabricated a pedal
powered multipurpose machine. It is a human powered machine which is developed for
lifting the water to a height 10 meter and generates 14 Volt, 4 ampere of electricity in most
effective way. Power required for pedaling is well below the capacity of an average healthy
human being. The system is also useful for the work out purpose because pedalling will act as
a health exercise and also doing a useful work. We studied the page INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 3, ISSUE 11,
NOVEMBER 2014 ISSN 2277-8616 This study aims to design and fabricate a pedal driven
washing machine to obtain a less effort uniform washing.

MARKET SURVEY
 For the purpose of our analysis we have chosen leading brands as follows . Among the
several features available within the Product we have considered only a few on the basis of
which customers take their decision. Here the washing machine is having four types of model

Semiautomatic

Fully Automatic

Front Loading

Top Loading

Capacity in kg

Upto 5.9 kg
6 - 6.9 kg
7 7.9 kg
8 kg and above

The most important factor that is the price . Whereas Whirlpool is having only two
types of model Fully Automatic and Top load, Semi Automatic. In case of LG it varies from
Rs 6850 to almost Rs 37000 whereas the price of Whirlpool range between Rs 10000 to Rs
20000. LG likes to bring out its product in colours of white base, but Whirlpool gives an
option of deep colour like red and brown etc. However the washing capacity of both brands
are almost same and it ranges between 5.5 kg to 7 kg. LG gives an option of separate washer
and Dryer but Whirlpool does not gives us an option. On the basis of such characteristics the
company create product differentiation and try to penetrate into the market.

Demand is the notion of an economic quantity that a target Population or the market
require sunder different assumptions of price, Quality, and distribution, among other factors.
Latent demand, therefore, is commonly defined by economists as the industry earnings of a
market when that market becomes accessible and attractive to serve by competing firms. The
latest demand for washing machines in India is not actual or historic sales.
 For the purpose of our analysis we have find out to leading brands of washing
machine as followes

LG

Whirlpool

Onida

Samsung

Godrej

Haier

Bosch

Videocon

Panasonic

And many more.

TYPES OF WASHING MACHINE

Semiautomatic :Some operations are to b performed manually. Cost of machine is about

7,000 - 20,000 Rs

Fully Automatic : All operations can be programmed. The cost is about 15,000 30,000.
Rs

Front Loading : Clothes are loaded by Front door.

Top Loading : Clothes are loaded from top opening.

Fully Automatic Top Load

 Washing Machine

Fully Automatic & Side Loading

Washing Machine
CHAPTER 3
PRINCIPLE
 PRINCIPLE

The project entitled PEDAL OPERATED WASHING MACHINE Works on the

principle of rotating impeller by paddling and causes to washing clothes. The basic idea is to
use a bicycle pedal stand as the power source, and use an assembly of chain drive, belt drive
and gears to connect it to an old, salvaged washing machine tub.

Our project is pedal operated washing machine hence it wash clothes but there is a inbuilt
dryer which dry the clothes too.

The project has the following objectives

Provide a low cost machine.

A very effective machine which is not only cheap but has low maintenance cost.

It should have readily available components and should be ergonomically efficient.

Wash most type of cloth.

Must have all the mechanisms Washing, Rinsing, and Spinning.

 UNDERSTANDING PEDAL POWER

Throughout history, human has applied energy through the use of arms, hands and
back. With the invention of bicycle and pedaling, legs also began to be considered as a means
to develop power from human muscles. A person can generate four times more power by
pedaling than by hand cranking. At the rate of 1/4hp, continuous pedaling can be done for
only short periods, about 10 minutes. However, pedaling at half this power (1/8hp) can be
sustained for around 60 minutes .Pedal power enables a person to drive devices at the same
rate as that achieved by hand cranking, but with far less effort and fatigue. Pedal power also
lets one drive devices at a faster rate than before, or operates devices that require too much
power for hand cranking. Over the centuries, the treadle has been the most common method
of using the legs to produce power. Treadles are still common in the low-power range,
especially for sewing machines. The maximum power output from treadles is very small;
perhaps only 0-15 percent of what an individual using pedal operated cranks can produce
under optimum conditions.

The power levels that a human being can produce through pedaling depend on how
strong the pedaling person is and on how long he or she needs to pedal. If the task to be
powered will continue for hours at a time, 75 watts mechanical power is generally considered
the limit for a larger healthy non-athlete. A healthy athletic person of the same build might
produce up to twice this amount. A person who is smaller and less well nourished, but not ill,
would produce less; the estimate for such a person should probably be 50 watts.
 CHAPTER 4
DESIGN COSIDERATION
 DESIGN COSIDERATION
PEDALING RATE

Human beings are very adaptable and can produce power over a wide range of pedaling
speeds. However, people can produce more power--or the same amount of power for a longer
time--if they pedal at a certain rate. This rate varies from person to person depending on their
physical condition, but for each individual there is a pedaling speed somewhere between
straining and flailing that is the most comfortable, and the most efficient in terms of power
production. A simple rule is that most people engaged in delivering power continuously for
an hour or more will be most efficient when pedaling in the range of 50 to 70 revolutions per
minute (rpm). See Fig For simplicity's sake, we will use 60 rpm, or one revolution of the
pedal cranks per second, as an easy reference value for estimates of the gear ratios required
to drive a given load.

How Optimum Pedaling Rate Varies with

Desired Power Output
 OPERATING PARAMETERS

It can be seen from table that the total time required for the entire process is 25
minutes. For, comfortable and efficient power production through pedaling the pedaling rate
is taken as 60 rpm. From above graph, it can be seen that a healthy person produces 125
Watts of power when pedals at 60 rpm under optimal conditions. As, the cycle time is 25
minutes, it can be seen from Fig. 1 that maximum sustainable power developed by a healthy
man is around 200 Watts. Thus, pedaling at 60 rpm and developing 125 Watts power provides
considerable factor of safety for the peddler. Now, keeping the input power constant at 125 W
and using different speeds as required for different processes, the torque available at the tub
are- for washing the torque available is 59.68Nm and for drying the torque available is
1.49Nm. Minimum torque is the deciding factor for determining the capacity of washing
machine as same load of clothes remains during all the three processes. Thus, the capacity of
the machine is calculated to be around 2 kg.

Process Time taken RPM required

Washing 10 min 100 rpm
Rinsing 2 min -
Drying 8 min 800 rpm
 CHAPTER 5

CONSTRUCTION
 CONSTRUCTION

First step is the purchasing of the washing Tub or it can be obtained from any
junkyard as it is readily available as a waste. The unnecessary part of the Drum needs to be
cut out so as to reduce the weight and improve the efficiency. Then the next step in the
construction is to construct a frame using the metal braces and rods we purchased. Using
metal rods that fit the length, either by welding or using bolts for the brace we have to have
the final layout of our washing machine. Among the several features available within the
product we have consider only a few on the basis of which customer take their decision.
 FABRICATION

A working model of POWM was fabricated using the selected scrap components as
mentioned in the design. The machine was fabricated to study the design feasibility and the
efficiency of the working model. It was found that POWM can be easily manufactured in a
workshop using scrap components and conventional manufacturing processes. Manual Metal
Arc Welding was key manufacturing process used. Other operations such as lathe works,
press fitting, cutting and grinding of scrap metals etc. were also done. The fabrication of the
model provided the cost estimate for the machine.

Following components are used for fabrication

Pedal
Chain
Cycle ring
V-belt
Pulley
Bevel gear
Washing tub
Frame
Seat
Bearing
Welding
 \

PEDAL

A bicycle pedal is the part of a bicycle that the rider pushes with their foot to propel
the bicycle. It provides the connection between the cyclists foot or shoe and the crank
allowing the leg to turn the bottom bracket spindle and propel the bicycles wheels. Pedals
usually consist of a spindle that threads into the end of the crank and a body, on which the
foot rests or is attached, that is free to rotate on bearings with respect to the spindle. 44 teeths
are usually on the chain wheel and it drives the spoket has 18 teeths . Pedals were initially
attached to cranks connecting directly to the driven (usually front) wheel. Max torque applied
by pedaling is 123.9 N.m. The safety bicycle, as it is known today, came into being when the
pedals were attached to a crank driving a sprocket that transmitted power to the driven wheel
by means of a roller chain.
CHAIN

Bicycle chain are emblematic of the DID brand ,and we were founded originally with
production of bicycle chain . They have been use in many bicycle made in Japan and
worldwide countries . Recently , our high guard chain (E) with an additional rust preventive
treatment has favorable reputation by users . the bicycle chain have `continuously examine
and improve in performance and quality specification as seen in the availability of current
product as areslt they are the like test and most compact chains among the product of the
same size. Presently , they are not use only for cycle but for many purpose such as the driving
of vending machines and agree implements and for conveyer system.
CYCLE RING

We offer a comprehensive range of Bi-cycle Spokes which are greatly appreciated for
their quality and performance. Offered in various sizes and specification we offer this
component to international markets. These Bi-cycle wheel spokes, manufactured from top
class steel require very little maintenance and are very durable. Resistant to corrosion this
range gives quality performance. An added advantage is their affordable price structure. It has
diameter is about 340 mm.
V- BELT

V belts (also style V-belts, v belts, or, less commonly, wedge rope) solved the slippage
and alignment problem. It is now the basic belt for power transmission. They provide the best
combination of traction, speed of movement, load of the bearings, and long service life. They
are generally endless, and their general cross-section shape is Roughly trapezoidal (hence the
name "V"). The "V" shape of the belt tracks in a mating groove in the pulley (or sheave), with
the result that the belt cannot slip off. The belt also tends to wedge into the groove as the load
increasesthe greater the load, the greater the wedging actionimproving torque
transmission and making the V-belt an effective solution, needing less width and tension than
flat belts. V-belts trump flat belts with their small center distances and high reduction ratios.
The preferred center distance is larger than the largest pulley diameter, but less than three
times the sum of both pulleys. Optimal speed range is 1,0007,000 ft/min (3002,130
m/min). V-belts need larger pulleys for their thicker cross-section than flat belts.

For high-power requirements, two or more V-belts can be joined side-by-side in an

arrangement called a multi-V, running on matching multi-groove sheaves. This is known as a
multiple-V-belt drive (or sometimes a "classical V-belt drive").
BEVEL GEARS

Bevel gears are useful when the direction of a shaft's rotation needs to be changed.
They are usually mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to work at
other angles as well. The teeth on bevel gears can be straight, spiral or hypoid. Straight bevel
gear teeth actually have the same problem as straight spur gear teeth -- as each tooth engages,
it impacts the corresponding tooth all at once .It has 27 teeth .

Just like with spur gears, the solution to this problem is to curve the gear teeth. These spiral
teeth engage just like helical teeth: the contact starts at one end of the gear and progressively
spreads across the whole tooth.

On straight and spiral bevel gears, the shafts must be perpendicular to each other, but they
must also be in the same plane. If you were to extend the two shafts past the gears, they
would intersect. The hypoid gear, on the other hand, can engage with the axes in different
planes.
WASHING TUB

Over time manufacturers of automatic washers have gone to great lengths to reduce
cost. For instance, expensive gearboxes are no longer required, since motor speed can be
controlled electronically .Even on some expensive washers, the outer drum of front loading
machines is often made of plastic. This makes changing the main bearings difficult, as the
plastic drum usually cannot be separated into two halves to enable the inner drum to be
removed to gain access to the bearing.

Some machines now use a direct drive motor, a low aspect ratio device, where the
stator assembly is attached to the rear of the outer drum, whilst the co-axial rotor is mounted
on the shaft of the inner drum. Direct drive eliminates the need for a pulley, belt and belt
tensioned. A see-through Bosch machine at the IFA 2010 in Berlin shows off its internal
components In the early 1990s, up market machines incorporated microcontrollers for the
timing process. These proved reliable and cost-effective, so many cheaper machines now also
incorporate microcontrollers rather than electromechanical timers.
PULLEY

A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and

change of direction of a taut cable, supporting shell is referred to as a "block." A pulley may
also be called a sheave or drum and may have a groove or grooves between two flanges
around its circumference. The drive element of a pulley system can be a rope, cable, belt, or
chain that runs over the pulley inside the groove or grooves. It has outer diameter 80 mm.

Hero of Alexandria identified the pulley as one of six simple machines used to lift
weights. Pulleys are assembled to form a block and tackle in order to provide mechanical
advantage to apply large forces. Pulleys are also assembled as part of belt and chain drives in
order to transmit power from one rotating shaft to another.
SEAT

A seat is place to sit, often referring to the area one sits upon as opposed to other
elements like armrests. Seat is an arrangement in any bicycle on which a person can sit
comfortably. in seating arrangement the design factor is always consider according to their
use in any vehicle. Seat may be made of plastic, rubber, metal etc. material. In some seating
arrangement suspension is also consider suspension could be spring or it may be cuisine.
BEARING

A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion

between moving parts to only the desired motion. The design of the bearing may, for
example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a
fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear
on the moving parts. Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of operation, the
motions allowed, or to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts. The term
"bearing" is derived from the verb "to bear" a bearing being a machine element that allows
one part to bear (i.e., to support) another. The simplest bearings are bearing surfaces, cut or
formed into a part, with varying degrees of control over the form, size, roughness and
location of the surface. Other bearings are separate devices installed into a machine or
machine part. The most sophisticated bearings for the most demanding applications are
very precise devices; their manufacture requires some of the highest standards of current
technology.
WELDING

Cast iron can be welded perfectly well using a stick welder and nickel rods, or with
preheating by a gas welder using cast iron rod. Welding cast iron is a precision task that
requires high heat, and often expensive equipment. You should not attempt it on the strength
of reading a brief Internet article, no matter how informative. However, understanding the
basics can help you prepare for a qualification course, or to make better decisions for welding
projects run by qualified personnel under your supervision.
CHAPTER 6

WORKING
 WORKING

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

Operation of Washing Machine is split in THREE cycles

Wash cycle : - Here clothes are washed in water with Detergent.

Rinse cycle : - Here dirt which is separate from clothes is drained.

Dry cycle : - Here clothes are made to be dried.

 OPERATING PROCEDURE

The machine entitled PEDAL OPERATED WASHING MACHINE Works on

the principle of rotating impeller by paddling and causes to washing clothes. The basic idea is
to use a bicycle pedal stand as the power source, and use an assembly of chain drive, belt
drive and gears to connect it to an old, salvaged washing machine tub.

As the project is pedal operated hence it does not require any external power source
like the electricity and fuel etc. When the pedal start rotating manually the rotation is
transmitted from the chain to the spoket which is mounted on hub of the cycle ring the spoket
is totally jam on the hub by means of welding thus the ring start rotating on the speed of
spoket thus the v belt is mounted on the ring of pulley hence the belt is connected to the small
pulley which is mounted on the shaft hence the shaft start rotating and also the bevel gears
are mounted on same shaft thus the rotation is transmitted from the shaft of the washing
machine by means of the bevel gears. At last the rotation is transmitted to washing machine
shaft and the impeller start rotating. In normal condition the middle impeller rotates and
hence the washing cycle is carried out and when the dry mechanism is engage means in on
condition thus the plastic gears inside the washing tub are engage and thus the whole drum of
washing machine start rotating hence the dry cycle is carried out . But before carrying the dry
cycle the rinse cycle is carried out and the dirty water removed out from washing tub.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

Wash cycle : - Here clothes are washed in water with detergent.

Rinse cycle : - Here dirt which is separates from clothes is drained.

Dry cycle : - Here clothes are made to be dried.

WASH CYCLE

In this cycle the clothes are drawn into the washing tub and the impeller inside the
wash tub rotates by pedaling . The impeller either rotates clockwise and anticlockwise depend
upon the operator.

Many front loading machines have internal electrical heating elements to heat the
wash water, to near boiling if desired. The rate of chemical cleaning action of the detergent
and other laundry chemicals increases greatly with temperature, in accordance with
the Arrhenius equation. Washing machines with internal heaters can use special detergents
formulated to release different chemical ingredients at different temperatures, allowing
different type of stains and soils to be cleaned from the clothes as the wash water is heated up
by the electrical heater. However, higher-temperature washing uses more energy, and many
fabrics and elastics are damaged at higher temperatures. Temperatures exceeding 40 C have
the undesirable effect of inactivating the enzymes when using biological detergent. Many
machines are cold-fill, connected to cold water only, which they heat to operating
temperature. Where water can be heated more cheaply or with less carbon dioxide emission
than by electricity, cold-fill operation is inefficient. Front loaders need to use low- sudsing
detergents because the tumbling action of the drum folds air into the clothes load that can
cause over and overflows. However, due to efficient use of water and detergent, the siding
issue with front-loaders can be controlled by simply using less detergent, without lessening
cleaning action.
RINSE CYCLE

Washing machines perform several rinses after the main wash to remove most of the
detergent. Thus most of water is removed from the clothes.

Washing machines perform several rinses after the main wash to remove most of the
detergent. Modern washing machines use less water due to environmental concerns; however,
this has led to the problem of poor rinsing on many washing machines on the market, which
can be a problem to people who are sensitive to detergents. The Allergy UK website suggests
re-running the rinse cycle, or rerunning the entire wash cycle without detergent. In response
to complaints, many washing machines allow the user to select additional rinse cycles, at the
expense of higher water usage and longer cycle time.

DRY CYCLE

Higher spin speeds remove more water, leading to faster drying. If a heated clothes-
drier is used after the wash and spin, energy use is reduced if more water has been removed
from clothes.

Higher spin speeds remove more water, leading to faster drying. If a heated clothes-
drier is used after the wash and spin, energy use is reduced if more water has been removed
from clothes. However, faster spinning can crease clothes more. Also, mechanical wear on
bearings increases rapidly with rotational speed, reducing life. Early machines would spin at
only 300 rpm and, because of lack of any mechanical suspension, would often shake and
vibrate. In 1976, most front loading washing machines spun at around 700 rpm, or less.
Separate spin-driers, without washing functionality, are available for specialized applications.
For example, a small high- speed centrifuge machine may be provided in locker rooms of
communal swimming pools to allow wet swimsuits to be substantially dried to a slightly
damp condition after daily use.
 CHAPTER 7
CALCULATIONS
 CALCULATIONS

LENGTH OF BELT FOR OPEN BELT DRIVE

Length of belt = (r1+r2) + 2L +( r1-r2 / L)2

= (170+40)+2*500+(130/500)2

= 1659.80 mm = 65 inch

WRAP ANGLE
Angle of Lap ()

Sin ( r1-r2 / L)

= (170-40) / 500

= 15.070

Larger Pulley = + 2

= 33.280

Smaller Pulley = - 2

= - 26.990

Where,

r1 :- Radius of bigger pulley.

r2 :- Radius of smaller pulley

L :- Distance between two pulleys .

POWER TRANSMISSION
For transmitting the drives to the final tub three options were available- gear drive,
chain drive and belt drive. The use of gear drive or chain drive would lead to jerks at the
instants the sense of rotation changes but the use of belt drive allows the tub to slip over the
belt and come to stop and rotate in the other sense smoothly. Therefore, belt drive is used as
the mode of power transmission to the tub. Although the load on the tub remains constant for
all the processes, the washing process requires slow agitating motion with speed around the
20 rpm and dry process require the speed around the 800 rpm .

As we consider only one revolution of Pedal then the speed at each drive as follows,

CHAIN DRIVE

The

driver spoket means pedal spoket has 44 teeth and the driven spoket has 18 teeths as shown
in fig. Hence the velocity ratio should be given as 44/18 = 2.44

Hence the one rotation of the Pedal is converted into the 2.44 revolution of the spoket which
is mounted on the hub of cycle ring

BELT DRIVE
As the cycle ring rotates with 2.44 revolution which can be driven by the chain drive . This
speed is transmitted to the smaller pulley as shown in fig. which is mounted on shaft on
which bevel gears are also mounted.

The velocity ratio can be given as,

D1 N1 = D2 N2

340 * 2.44 = 80 * N2

N2 = 10.37

At last the power is transmitted to the main shaft of washing machine with the help of bevel
gears which have gear ratio 1:1

So from the above calculations it can be proved that the 1 rotation of pedal is converted into
the 10.37 rotation of the shaft.
The capacity of the tub is 2 kg and the power developed by washing at 10 rpm is 50 watt.
Thus, the torque required for washing is,

P = 2

50 = 2*

T= 47.74 N.m

The torque required for drying is,

P = 2

250 = 2*

T= 29.84 N.m

Process Obtaining RPM Require Torque Require

RPM
Washing 100 10 47.74 N.m
Rinsing - - -
Drying 800 80 29.84 N.m
CHAPTER 8
COSTING
 COST ESTIMATION
According to Market Condition

Sr no. Name of Component Specification Cost

1 Frame Rectangular Pipes & Angles 1200

(MS)
2 Washing Tub 5.5 kg Capacity 500

3 Bevel Gears 65 mm dia. 500

4 Shaft 15 mm dia. 300

5 Pulley & belt V belt 500

Pedal & Chain 1/2 inch pitch 100

6
7 Bearings 6202 200

Total Around
3600
 CHAPTER 9

ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
 ADVANTAGES

Easy handling.
Eco friendly.
Cheaper.
Less maintenance.
Works without electricity.
It encourages pedaling which is a good physical exercise and keeps oneself fit.
The less effect of chemical on the women hand.
Easily Movable.

DISADVANTAGES

Need much human effort in drying operation.

Noisy Operation.
Chances of failure.
Require more space.
Structure is complex.

APPLICATIONS
 It is very useful into the local rural areas.
Saving in detergent and the water.
Reduced traces of detergent on clothes.
Better wash quality.
Softer clothes.
Exercise is also done with the applying the pedal.
Use it at the backward areas where there is no any electricity.

 CHAPTER 10

FUTURE SCOPE
 FUTURE SCOPE
Energy Storage

The energy being wasted during washing can be stored using flywheel and can be used at the
time of spin drying. This would reduce the effort required during drying and would increase
the overall capacity of the machine as more energy would be available during spin drying.

Designing a Multipurpose Machine

The energy wasted during washing can be utilized in most fruitful way by using it in another
household machine which would work simultaneously as the washing goes on. Load on the
new machine would be such that entire energy is consumed and not wasted. The excess
energy can be used to generate electricity to charge battery. It can be used to operate pedal
powered pumps. Many machines operated on pedal power have been developed such as,
Cassava graters, Coffee/grain hullers, cracking of oil palm nuts, Potter's wheels, Flexible
shaft drive for portable grinders, saws, etc., Tire pumps, Sewing machines.

Designing and Implementing the Drain Valve mechanically

A normal washing machine uses an electronic control valve in the drainage system to control
the flow of waste water out. This valve can be designed mechanically using bicycle brakes.
The brakes would block the rubber outlet pipe when the clothes are being washed, rinsed or
dried. The blockage would open to make the waste water flow out after a washing cycle or
during drying.

Increasing Washing Capacity

The capacity of washing can be increased so that more clothes can be washed, thus utilizing
the wasted energy. Thus, increasing the washing capacity would require the rinsing and
drying of the clothes to be done in turns. The machine would then no longer complete the
entire laundry process in one cycle.

Can operate pedal operates hacksaw as well as pedal operated centrifugal

pump .
CHAPTER 11
CONCLUSION
 CONCLUSION

The main objective is to provide a product with an alternative way to wash clothes
when there is no electricity. It has to be understood that in rural areas, it is a very stressful and
laborious task. So the product which is a pedal driven machine, it satisfies the need of rural
people by giving them an alternative way of washing clothes which is quick, cost-effective
and eco-friendly. The product designed has zero operating cost, cost-effective, and it can be
used with minimal effort.
CHAPTER 12
REFERENCE
 REFERENCE

www.google.com
www.youtube.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.flipkart.com
THEORY OF MACHINES By R.S. Khurmi and J K Gupta
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY
RESEARCH VOLUME 3, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2014 ISSN
2277-8616
 CHAPTER 13
ACTUAL PHOTOGRAPHS
 Photo with workshop assistants

Photo with S. M Dhengle Sir (Project Guide)

Watch us our video on
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2jui4rytE-E