ESO 210

Introduction to Electrical Engineering

Lectures-36

Polyphase (3-phase) Induction Motor

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The current per phase in the rotor winding ( from the equivalent circuit of the rotor,
per phase) is

In a similar way, the output power (gross) developed (W) is the loss in the fictitious
Resistance (Also called Load Resistance) in the equivalent circuit as shown earlier,
which is
 3

Where,
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Input Power to the Rotor

The input power to the rotor (or the power transferred from the stator via air gap) is the
loss in the total resistance is
 Therefore,

Hence we can also write that

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Starting Torque
Maximum Torque

Torque at full load

Slip at maximum Torque

Slip at full Load

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Since we have

The output torque developed is zero (0.0), at zero slip , or if the motor is
rotated at synchronous speed.
The Torque at full load
8
 9

(Current Per phase)

At starting the slip is one which is same as standstill or stalled condition

Power
10
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Torque Slip Characteristics with variation of

Rotor resistance

Normally Rotor resistance is kept lower than reactance

however we may have higher values of rotor resistance
but not more than the value of rotor reactance.
The point here to note that, the maximum torque remains same for all 12
the
characteristics.

This has been shown earlier that the maximum torque depends on rotor reactance only,
but not on rotor circuit resistance. Only the slip at maximum torque increases with the
increase in rotor circuit resistance.

So, for constant load torque operation, the slip increases or the speed decreases with the
increase in rotor circuit resistance. The motor efficiency decreases, as the rotor copper
loss increases with the increase in slip.

The load torque remains same, but the output power decreases, as the speed decreases.
Also, it may be observed that the starting torque increases with the increase in rotor
circuit resistance, with the total rotor circuit resistance lower than rotor reactance.

The starting torque is equal to the maximum torque, when the total rotor circuit
resistance is equal to rotor reactance. If the rotor circuit resistance is more than rotor
reactance, the starting torque decreases.
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Determination of Induction Machine Parameters

Three tests are needed to determine the parameters in an induction machine model.
Detailed testing is quite involved and is specified in IEEE Standard 112.

1. DC Resistance Test
2. No-Load Test (Corresponds to Open circuit test in Transformer)
3. Block Rotor Test (Corresponds to Short circuit test in Transformer)