DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

St. Josephs College (Autonomous)

Tiruchirappalli 620 002
Course Business Administration
Sem 1 Paper Code 14UBU130201 Units IV
Title of the
Management Principles
Paper
Staff Name C.F. Octovia Antony Sessammal

UNIT I
1. Management is a ________and _________
a) Science and Art b) Planning and Organizing
c) Discipline and Profession d) Process and Multidisciplinary
2. Which of the following is the principle of Scientific Management?
a) Replacing Rule of thumb with Science b) Unity of Command
c) Delegation of authority d) Division of work
3. The use of skills in a profession is not meant for
a) Society b) Self-Satisfaction c) Money d) Knowledge
4. The features of profession may be
a) Acquisition of Knowledge b) Self-Satisfaction
c) Profit Motive d) None of the above
5. Policies and Procedures are framed by the
a) Lower Level Management b) Middle Level Management
c) Intermediary Level Management d) Top Level Management
6. Before Taylors scientific management was introduced, a worker was put under the supervision of a
supervisor known as
a) Gang Boss b) Route Clerk c) Speed Boss d) Time and Cost Clerk
7. __________ is undertaken to find out the best way of doing things in an organization.
a) Authority and Responsibility b) Unity of Command c) Job Analysis d) Scalar Chain
8. ________ study involves the determination of time a movement takes to complete.
a) Motion b) Time c) Group d) All of the above
9. __________ study involves of movements in parts which are involved in doing a job and eliminating
wasteful movements.
a) Motion b) Time c) Group d) All of the above
10. __________ study shows the amount and frequency of rest required in completing the work.
a) Motion b) Time c) Group d) Fatigue
11. When a person gets orders and instructions from one superior it is called _________.
a) Unity of Direction b) Order c) Unity of Command d) Centralization
12. According to the principle of ___________ each group of activities with the same objective must have
one head and one plan.
a) Unity of Direction b) Order c) Unity of Command d) Centralization
13. Father of Scientific Management
a) Henry Fayol b) Koontz c) F.W. Taylor d)McFarland

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14. The flow of authority and communication from the top to the bottom is known as _________principle.
a) Scalar Principle b) Authority c) Unity of Command d) None of the above
15. Fayol suggested an action that is used to prevent the scalar chain from delaying the flow of
communication and authority
a) Gang Boss b) Scalar Principle c) Gang Plank d) Multidiscipline
16. Equity is a combination of
a) Justice b) Fairness c) Kindness d) Equality
Select a code
1. a,b 2.b,c 3.c,b 4.a,c
17. Esprit de Corps is the principle of
a) Unity in diversity b) Union is Strength c) Various Disciplines d) None
18. For applying scientific management adequate consideration should be given to
a) Profit b) Economy d) Cost Estimates d) All of the above
19. Father of Modern operational management theory
a) F.W. Taylor b) Koontz c) Henry Fayol d) McFarland
20. No employee should be removed within a short time is the principle of
a) Esprit de Corps b) Initiative b) Stability of tenure c) Order
21. The determination of future course of action is ___________
a) Controlling b) Organizing c) Planning d) Directing
22. _________ is the manning of various positions created in the organizing process
a) Controlling b) Organizing c) Planning d) Staffing
23. Management is a process of having
a) Decision making b) Organized activities
c) Relationship among resources d) All of the above
24. Policy execution for objective achievement is the major focus of
a) Administration b) Employees c) Management d) None of the above
25. The relation between an employer and employee in Administration is that of a
a) Employer-Employee b) Managers-Workers c) Entrepreneurs-Owners d) Employees
26. The nature of function of an administration is
a) Executive b) Determinative c) Managerial d) Supervisory
27. The nature of function of management is
a) Executive b) Determinative c) Managerial d) Supervisory
28. Fayol recognised that there was no limit to the principles of management, but he advocated
a) Unity of command, unity of direction and equity.
b) Discipline, order, authority and responsibility.
c) Division of work, remuneration of personnel and centralisation.
d) All of the above.
29. Four main elements of management are planning, control, co-ordination and:
a) Centralization b) Division of work c) Motivation d) Discipline
30. One of the most popular ways of defining management is that it involves getting work done:
a) As quickly as possible
b) Through the efforts of other managers
c) With as little effort as possible
d) Through the efforts of other people
UNIT - II
31. Which of the following is not a basic function of the management process?
a) Controlling
b) Organizing
c) Working

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d) Leading

32. Authority, discipline, unity of command, and unity of direction are:

a) Taylor's four principles of management.
b) Principles of the human relations movement
c) Elements of Weber's ideal bureaucratic structure.
d) Four of Fayol's fourteen principles of management
33. The process of monitoring performance, comparing it with goals and correcting any significant deviations
is known as:
a) Planning
b) Organizing
c) Leading
d) Controlling
34. Someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities to accomplish
organizational goals is called:
a) A Very intelligent: Individual
b) A Supervisor of Production Work
c) A Manager
d) An operation Supervisor
35. The degree to which decision making is confined at a single point in an organization is described
as __________.
a) Unity of command
b) Chain of command
c) Span of management
d) Centralization
36. The process of dividing work into convenient tasks or duties is ____________
a) Controlling b) Organizing c) Planning d) Directing
37. ___________ involves identification of actual results, comparison of actual with the expected results
a) Controlling b) Organizing c) Planning d) Directing
38. Process of planning starts with ___________.
a) Establishment of Objectives
b) Perception of Opportunities
c) Identification of Alternatives
d) Planning premises
39. Planning is concerned with looking into the
a) Past b) Present c) Future d) All of the above
40. Planning is a ________ function
a) Controlled b) Pervasive c) discontinuous d) None of the above
41. __________ is important for an organization to achieve its objectives
a) Key result area b) Control c) Coordination d) Change
42. The planning process ends with
a) Evaluation of alternatives
b) Formulation of supporting plans
c) Establishing sequence of activities
d) None of the above
43. A type of planning that is done at top level
a) Functional b) Strategic c) Corporate d) Tactical
44. The basic focus of corporate planning is
a) Profit b) Short-term objective c) Long-term objective d) None of the above
45. A type of planning which covers the activities of the entire organization

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a) Functional b) Strategic c) Corporate d) Tactical
46. A planning that is undertaken for major function in an organization
a) Functional b) Strategic c) Corporate d) Tactical
47. Corporate planning is
a) Integrative b) Segmental c) Comprehensive d) Discrete
48. Functional planning is derived out of
a) Strategic b) Long-term c) Corporate d) Tactical
49. A planning which is a process of deciding on the objectives of an organization
a) Functional b) Strategic c) Corporate d) Tactical
50. The period for which plan is to be formulated is a basic problem in
a) Functional b) Tactical c) Corporate d) Strategic
51. Tactical planning is the other term for
a) Functional b) Operational c) Corporate d) Strategic
52. _______ planning is aimed at sustaining the organization in its production and distribution of its current
product and services to the existing markets.
a) Functional b) Strategic c) Corporate d) Operational
53. The type of planning which takes into account the external environment and tries to relate the
organization with it.
a) Functional b) Operational c) Corporate d) Strategic
54. The planning which focuses on internal organizational environment in order to make effective use of
resources
a) Functional b) Strategic c) Corporate d) Operational
55. Organizations which anticipate a change and take action in advance is a _________ kind of planning.
a) Reactive b) Functional c) Long-term d) Proactive
56. __________ planning is a form of well structured process involving different steps.
a) Informal b) Proactive c) Formal d) None of the above

57. A planning which is undertaken by small organizations

a) Informal b) Proactive c) Formal d) None of the above

58. A planning process which is based on managers memory of events and intuitions
a) Formal b) Proactive c) Informal d) None of the above

59. A plan that gives guidelines for further course of action and is used over a period of time
a) Single-use plan b) Standing plan c) Structured plan d) Informal plan

60. Under limitations of planning, Trade unions are _________

a) External Inflexibilities b) Internal Inflexibilities c) Rapid change d) Time and Cost factors
UNIT III
61. A plan developed to carry out a course of action that is not likely to be repeated in the future is called:
a) Single-use plan
b) Specific plan
c) Reaction plan
d) Directional plan

62. The management function that specifies goals to be achieved and deciding in advance the appropriate
actions to achieve those goals is:
a) Leading
b) Controlling

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c) Organizing
d) Planning

63. The plans which deal with fairly small set of activities are called:
a) Strategic plan
b) Tactical plan
c) Operational plan
d) Personal plan

64. A plan developed to carry out a course of action that is not likely to be repeated in the future is called:
a) Single-use plan
b) Specific plan
c) Reaction plan
d) Direction plan

65. A budget is an example of which of the following plan?

a) Strategic plan c) Informal plan
b) Single use plan d) Standing plan

66. What would be the best description of plans that focus on the broad future of the organization and
incorporate both external environmental demands and internal resources into managers' actions?
a) Operational plans
b) Tactical plans
c) Strategic plans
d) Holistic plans

67. When objectives are not written down or rarely verbalized, and the planning is general and lacks
continuity, which of the following types of planning is used?
a) Environmental planning
b) Economic planning
c) Informal planning
d) Formal planning

68. A plan showing sequence of activities and time schedules to achieve specific objectives is known as-
a) Program b) Budget c) Process d) Plan

69. Plans which are for support in implementation of long term strategies are known as-
a) Strategic Plans b) Tactical Plans c) Operational Plans d) Standing Plans

70. Plans that specify resources for specific activities in given time period are called-
a) Programmes b) Budgets c) Single use plans d) Projects

71. An organization in which authority flows downwards and responsibility flows upwards
a) Formal b) Informal c) Unstructured d) None of the above

72. An organization which is created to fulfill the social needs of an individual and also contribute to
enterprise goal.
a) Formal b) Informal c) Unstructured d) None of the above

73. An organization which is also known as Military Organization is

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a) Functional b) Line & Staff c) Line d) Formal

74. The experts in an organization who are specialist in specific areas, assist the line personnel are
a) Staff b) Assistants c) Managers d) Executives

75. An organization where each department will be headed by a manager and will work according to the
hierarchy
a) Line b) Line & Staff c) Functional d) Matrix

76. A _________ organization is also called as Multiple Command System

a) Functional b) Matrix c) Line & Staff d) Line

77. The process of an organization starts with

a) Creation of accountability b) Delegation of authority
c) Grouping of work d) Division of work

78. The _________ only gives advice to the line manager but do not have the authority to take decisions
a) Supervisors b) Workers c) Staff d) Foreman

79. ___________ organization is considered suitable where large number of small projects will have to be
managed
a) Functional b) Line & Staff c) Matrix d) Line

80. The process of identifying and grouping the activities in an organization

a) Departmentation b) Classification c) Planning d) Controlling

81. __________ is a communication that flows from a higher level to one or more lower levels in the organization.
a) Horizontal communication
b) Upward communication
c) Downward communication
d) None of given options

82. The vertical flow of communication from lower level to one or more higher levels is _____________.
a) Upward communication
b) Downward communication
c) Formal Communication
d) Horizontal communication

83. When we classify managers according to their level in the organization they are described as
_______.
a) Functional, staff and line managers
b) Top managers, middle managers and supervisors
c) High level and lower level managers
d) General managers and administrative managers

8 4 . Which of the following functions or activities requires recruiting and placing qualified personnel needed for the
organization needed for the organization so that it may achieve its objectives and goals.
a) Planning
b) Staffing
c) Organizing

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d) Controlling
85. __________ is the form of departmentalization that groups similar jobs and activities into departments
a) A product structure
b) A divisional structure
c) A matrix structure
d) A functional structure
86. ______________ refers to the concentration of the specialized activities, generally in one department.
A. Departmentalization.
B. Division of labor.
C. Department Centralization.
D. Delegation of authority.
87. The process of setting up individual functional units of the business to do specialized tasks is called:
A. Departmentalization.
B. Division of labor.
C. Job specialization.
D. Delegation of authority.
88. The line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level is called the:
A. chain of logic.
B. chain of command.
C. organizational design.
D. delegation of contingent authority.
89. Max Weber favored which of the following?
A. Inverted organizations
B. Worker participation in decision making
C. Staffing and promotions based on qualifications
D. Flat organizations
90. In a(n) _____________ organization, decision-making authority is concentrated at the top level of
management.
A. bottom-up C .Inverted
B. decentralized D. Centralized

UNIT - IV
91. A ____________ organization is characterized by direct two-way lines of responsibility, authority,
and communication running from the top to the bottom of the organization, with all people reporting
to only one supervisor.
A. matrix
B. cross-functional
C. line
D. line-and-staff
92. Line-and-staff organizations work well in organizations with:
A. operations in high-growth industries.
B. stiff competition.
C. short product life cycles.
D. a relatively unchanging environment
93. The right which is delegated to an individual or a department to control specified process relating to
activities undertaken by persons in other departments is called
A. Functional Authority
B. Delegation of authority

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 C. Line and staff authority
D. Power
94. From the below which one is the benefit for the staff
A. Thinking in a vacuum
B. Problems in management
C. The necessity of having the advice of well qualified specialists
D. Lack of staff responsibility
95. Which one is an advantage of decentralization
A. Increasing complexity
B. Facilitates setting up of profit centres
C. More difficult to form uniform policy
D. Limited by availability of qualified managers.
96. The process of guiding and helping the subordinates to complete the given task properly and as per
schedule is
A. Planning
B. Controlling
C. Staffing
D. Directing
97. Which is not the element of directing
A. Communication
B. Planning
C. Motivation
D. Supervision
98. The process by which a person transmits information or messages to another person
A. Communication
B. Motivation
C. Supervision
D. Co-ordination
99. The process of differentiating between the applicants in order to identify those with the greater
likelihood of success in job.
A. Selection
B. Recruitment
C. Coordination
D. Co operation
100. When communication is made from superiors down the hierarchy it is called
A. Downward communication.
B. Upward communication
C. Horizontal communication
D. Vertical communication
101. When employees make any request, appeal,report, suggest or communicate ideas to the superior, the
flow of communication is
A. Downward communication.
B. Upward communication
C. Horizontal communication
D. Vertical communication
102. After the employees have been instructed regarding what they have to do and how to do, it is the
duty of the manager to see that they perform the work as per instructions.
A. Communication
B. Motivation
C. Supervision

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 D. Co-ordination
103. Which helps to reduce the complaints and grievances
A. Communication
B. Motivation
C. Supervision
D. Co-ordination
104. A person may wish to achieve what he thinks is due to him, i.e., he wants to realise his ambition fully
is called
A. Self Actualization needs
B. Psychological needs
C. Social needs
D. Ego needs
105. People want to have a sense of belonging to the organisation and to be accepted by fellow workers
A. Self Actualization needs
B. Psychological needs
C. Social needs
D. Ego needs
106. People have basic needs like the needs for food, clothing and shelter
A. Self Actualization needs
B. Psychological needs
C. Social needs
D. Ego needs

107. A person who is able to influence others and make them follow his instructions
A. Councillor
B. Mentor
C. Leader
D. Worker
108. The process of attempting to make a job more varied by removing the dullness associated with
performing repeated operations is called
A. Job enrichment
B. Job enlargement
C. Job evaluation
D. Job specification
109. Which is not the leadership behaviour
A. Supportive
B. Participative
C. Instrumental
D. None of the above
110. Which among the following is the advantage of written communication
A. Poor expression
B. Ineffective writer
C. Provides records
D. No immediate feedback
111. _________ involves a wide variety of systems in communication
A. Tele communication
B. Tele conferencing
C. Oral communication
D. Upward communication
112. Which among the following is the first step of controlling process

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 A. Establishment of standards
B. Corrections of deviations
C. Measurement of performance
D. None of the above
113. Which pattern reflects a pure executive form of management?
(a) Functional (c) Line and Staff
(b) Line (d) Committee
114. The Greatman theory of leadership led to the rise of
(a) The Behavioural theory of leadership
(b) The Trait theory of leadership
(c) The situational theory of leadership
(d) None of the above
115. The central principle which derives from McGregors Theory is:
(a) Directional and control
(b) Co-ordination
(c) Scalar Principle
(d) Integration

116. Brainstorming is used by the management for:

(a) Work allocation on the shop floor.
(b) Generating alternative for problem solving.
(c) The promotion of research and development.
(d) Training employees.
117. Communication begins with
a. encoding
b. idea origination
c. decoding
d. channel selection
118. Functional managers are responsible
a. for a single area of activity
b. to the upper level of management and staff
c. for complex organizational sub-units
d. for obtaining copyrights and patents for newly developed processes and equipment
119. Policies are sometimes defined as a(n)
a. shortcut for thinking c. substitute for strategy
b. action plan d. substitute for management authority
120. Which is the first step in selection process
A. Interview
B. Physical examination
C. Checking of references
D. Screening of applicants

UNIT - V
121. ________ is the test designed to discover a persons area of interest
A. Personality test
B. Interest test
C. Aptitude test
D. Achievement test.

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122. The problem-solving process begins with
a. clarification of the situation c. identification of the difficulty
b. establishment of alternatives d. isolation of the cause
123. The purpose of job enrichment is to
a. expand the number of tasks an individual can do
b. increase job efficiency
c. increase job effectiveness
d. increase job satisfaction of middle management
124. According to Herzberg, which of the following is a maintenance factor?
a. Salary c. Responsibility
b. Work itself d. Recognition
125. The concept of power refers to
a. defined authority and responsibility
b. a relative hierarchical position in an organization
c. the ability to influence the behaviour of others
d. the specialized knowledge possessed by an individual

126. While guiding organization members in appropriate directions, a manager exhibits

a. consideration behaviour c. Theory Y behaviour
b. authoritarian behaviour d. leadership behaviour
127. What does Hierarchy of Authority means?
1. The lower levels have to pursue the goals laid down by higher levels.
2. The upper levels of hierarchy set the goals to be pursued.
3. The upper level cannot take disciplinary action against subordinates.
4 The lower levels have freedom to carry out the operations.
(a) 1 and 2 (c) 3 and 4
(b) 2 and 3 (d) l and 4
128. Coordination in an organisation means:
1. Complete control of the activities of the employees.
2. .To secure harmony among different units of the organisation.
3. Removal of conflict and overlapping in the organisation.
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3 (c) 2 and 3 (d) l, 2 and 3
129. The process of measuring the performance in the aspect of work in terms of control standards.
A. Performance measurement
B. Establishment of standards
C. Comparing performance
D. Controlling
130. The process of carrying out the control information both upward and the downward in the
organisation is called as
A. Motivation
B. Recruitment
C. Organisational communication
D. Planning
131. Individuals may perceive that they are likely to be discriminate by those who exercise control is
called
A. Self control
B. Fear of discrimination
C. Curb of freedom
D. Creativity and innovation

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132. Which one of the statement below is true.
A. planning is the backward looking
B. planning provides base for control
C. planning is just the reverse of control
D. planning and control are not related
133. Which one of the following types of control is not relevant for operational control?
A. Feedback control
B. Feed forward control
C. Concurrent control
D. Strategic control

134. Management by exception implies that control is applied to

A. Critical points
B. All points
C. Middle points
D. Marginal points
135. Which one of the following is not the essential element of an effective control system?
A. Rigid
B. Flexible
C. Economical
D. Simple
136. Which standards are non monetary measurements and are common at the operating level
A. Capital standards
B. Cost standards
C. Physical standards
D. Program standards
137. ___________ Standards arise from attaching monetary values to sales.
A. Program standards
B. Revenue standards
C. Intangible standards
D. Capital standards
138. One of the better techniques of future directed control use today is
A. Manpower planning
B. Network planning
C. Revenue planning
D. Systems planning
139. Which is the first step in the control process
A. Establishing standards
B. Measuring performance
C. Correcting variations
D. None of the above
140. The formulation of plans for a given period of time in numerical terms is called as the
A. Controlling
B. Staffing
C. Leading
D. Budgeting
141. In which of the following the actual cash experience is measured
A. Cash control
B. Cash budget

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 C. Capital expenditure
D. Overbudgetting
142. Which control technique is called as the time event control technique.
A. Gannt
B. CPM
C. PERT
D. Networking
143. The formal system of gathering, integrating comparing, analysing and dispersing information is
called as
A. Management information systems
B. Information technology
C. Intelligence services
D. None of the above.
144. The wide spread use of computers and the ease of linking them through telephone lines to a
companys main frame computer led to
A. Online marketing
B. Tele marketing
C. Tele commuting
D. Computer networks
145. ________ is the input output ratio with in a time period with due consideration of quality
A. Productivity
B. Marketing
C. Operations
D. Planning
146. Which of the following is not the inputs of production management
A. Man
B. Money
C. Technology
D. Inventory
147. The technique of determining the optimum combination of limited resources to obtain a desired
goal is called
A. Linear programming
B. Inventory control
C. Technology control
D. None of the above
148. Standards are developed to compare the actual output in terms of quantity and quality is
A. Preventive control
B. Direct control
C. Profit and loss control
D. Control through return on investment
149. The group of peoples in an organisation who meet regularly to solve problems they experience
at work is called as
A. Time event network
B. Value engineering
C. Work simplification
D. Quality circles
150. The process of obtaining the participation of workers in simplifying their work is called
A. Time event network B. Value engineering
C. Work simplification D. Quality circles

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 MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
ANSWER KEY
OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS
Unit I 32. d) Four of Fayol's fourteen principles of
1. a) Science and Art management
2. a) Replacing Rule of thumb with Science 33. d) Controlling
34.c) A Manager
3. b) Self-Satisfaction 35.d) Centralization
4. b) Self-Satisfaction 36.b) Organizing
5. d) Top Level Management 37.a) Controlling
6. a) Gang Boss 38.a)Establishment of Objectives
7. c) Job Analysis 39.c) Future
8. b) Time 40.b) Pervasive
9. a) Motion 41.a) Key result area
10.d) Fatigue 42.c) Establishing sequence of activities
11.c) Unity of Command 43.c) Corporate
12.a) Unity of Direction 44.c) Long-term objective
13.c) F.W. Taylor 45.c) Corporate
14.a) Scalar Principle 46.a) Functional
15.c) Gang Plank 47.a) Integrative
16. 4) a,c 48.c) Corporate
17. b) Union is Strength 49.b) Strategic
18. a) Profit or b) Economy 50.d) Strategic
19. c) Henry Fayol 51.b) Operational
20. b) Initiative 52.d) Operational
21. c) Planning 53.d) Strategic
22. d) Staffing 54.d) Operational
23. b) Organized activities 55.d) Proactive
24. c) Management 56.c) Formal
25. c) Entrepreneurs-Owners 57.a) Informal
26. b) Determinative 58.c) Informal
27. a) Executive 59.b) Standing plan
28. d) All of the above. 60.a) External Inflexibilities
29. b) Division of work UNIT - III
30. d) Through the efforts of other people 61.a) Single-use plan
UNIT - II 62.d) Planning
31. c) Working 63.c) Operational plan

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64.b) Specific plan 107. C) leader
65. b) Single use plan 108. A) job enrichment
66. c) Strategic plans 109. D) none of the above
67. c) Informal planning 110. C) provides records
68. a) Program 111. B) tele conferencing
69. a) Strategic Plans 112. A) establishment of standards
70. c) Single use plans 113. A) functional
71.a) Formal 114. B) the trait theory of leadership
72. b) Informal 115. D) integration
73.c) Line 116. B) generating alternative for
74.a) Staff problem solving
75.c) Functional 117. B) idea origination
76.b) Matrix 118. A) for a single area of activity
77.d) Division of work 119. A) shortcut for thinking
78.c) Staff 120. D) Screening of applicants
79.c) Matrix UNIT V
80.a) Departmentation 121. B) Interest test.
81.d) None of given options 122. C) identification of the difficulty
82.a)Upward communication 123. C) increase job effectiveness
83.b) Top managers, middle managers and 124. A) salary
supervisors 125. C) the ability to influence the
84.b) Staffing behaviour of others
85.d) A functional structure 126. D) leadership behaviour
86. c)Department of centralization 127. A) 1 and 2
87. A) Departmentalization 128. C)2 and 3
88. B) Chain of command 129. A) Performance measurement
89. C) Staffing and promotions based on 130. C) Organisational
qualifications communication
90. D) centralized 131. B) Fear of discrimination
UNIT - IV 132. B) planning is the base for
91. C) line controlling
92. D) a relatively unchanging 133. D) strategic control
environment 134. A) Critical points
93. A)Functional authority 135. A) rigid
136. C) Physical standards
94. C) The necessity of having the advice 137. B) revenue standards
of well qualified specialists 138. B) Network Planning
95. B) Facilitates setting up of profits 139. A) Establishing standards
centers 140. D) budgeting
96. D) Directing 141. B) cash budget
97. B) Planning 142. C) PERT
98. A) Communication 143. A) Management information
99. A) Selection systems
100. A) Downward communication 144. C)tele commuting
101. B) upward communication 145. A) Productivity
102. C) supervision 146. D) Inventory
103. B) motivation 147. A) linear programming
104. A) self actualization needs 148. B) direct control
105. C) social needs 149. D) Quality circles
106. B) psychological needs 150. C) work simplification

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