Planning An Investigation Model Answers Five Complete Plans New Repaired

PLANNING AN INVESTIGATION MODEL ANSWERS BY STAFFORD
Serial 6B / 6BIO8 / WBIO8 / W2 PAPER

number Year Question 3: Planning
1 Jan 2010 No paper (commencing of the new syllabus)
2 June 2010 Competition: Parsnips
3 Jan 2011 Primroses
4 June 2011 Tooth decay
5 Jan 2012 Plant growth regulators
6 June 2012 Antibacterial effect of hand wash (ethanol)
7 Jan 2013 Protease stain remover
8 June 2013 Hydroponics
9 Jan 2014 Antibiotic effects of frog skin secretions
10 June 2014 Predation: Spiders and leafhoppers
11 Jan 2015 Inhibitors of amylase
12 June 2015 Effect of storage time on Vitamin C
13 Jan 2016 Effect of inhibitors on perforin activity
14 June 2016 ????????????????????????????????????????????
15 June 2011 Tooth decay (alternate plan)
16 Specimen paper Inhibitor of germination
17 June 2007 Honey bees
18 January 2003 Froghoppers (Completed)
19 W2 (Old syllabus) DO IT YOURSELF
All plans are discussed on ETUITION at www.staffordeducationalservices.com
Model answers by Dr. Stafford Valentine Redden, discussion on etuition at www.staffordeducationalservices.com Viber: +9607765507 Page 1
Model answer 1: May - June 2010 / 6BIO8 / QUESTION 3 (planning an investigation)
Competition between crop plants can significantly affect crop yield. Competition between seedlings is
an important factor to consider when sowing seeds of crop plants. Many gardeners complain that
parsnips are difficult to grow. If the seeds are sown too far apart, few will grow into adult plants and the
crop will be poor. If they are sown too close together, few plants will emerge from the soil and the crop
again is poor.
Plan an investigation to test this observation.
Your answer should give details under the following headings.
(a) An outline of a suitable sampling technique for this investigation and whether there are any safety
and ethical issues you would need to consider. (3)

(b) Suggestions for preliminary work that you might undertake to ensure your proposed method would
provide meaningful data. (4)

(c) A detailed method including an explanation of how important variables are to be controlled or
monitored. (10)
(d) A clear explanation of how your data is to be recorded, presented and analysed, in order to draw
conclusions from your investigation. (4)
(e) The limitations of your proposed method. (3)
June 2010
Model answer 2: January 2011 / 6BIO8 / QUESTION 3 (planning an investigation)
The intensity of shade cast by the canopy of trees, in a woodland environment, may influence the distribution of
plants growing on the floor of the woodland. A student observed that there were more primrose plants growing in
some areas of the woodland. He formed the hypothesis that the abundance of primrose plants would increase
with an increase in light intensity.
Plan an investigation to test this hypothesis.

(a) An outline of a suitable sampling technique for this investigation and whether there are any safety and ethical
issues you would need to consider. (3)
Tips
State exactly what type of sampling is used : Random or systematic.
Clearly indicate whether your suggestion is a safety or ethical consideration.
Be specific and give a brief explanation for each suggestion.

Tips
Check out ideas to find the best method to do the experiment. Decide upon the independent
variable and plan how it can be varied effectively. You may have to suggest suitable values that
you plan to work with.
Devise or invent a suitable way to measure the dependent variable. It should be able to generate
numerical data for analysis.
Decide on what variables need to be controlled and how they may be controlled or monitored.
Write each point in context of the question.

Tips
Clearly state the independent and dependent variable.
Give full practical details of how the independent variable can be varied effectively. Suggest
suitable values and state the units, wherever possible.
Clearly define and describe what is to be measured and how it can be measured, including
formulae, equipment, procedure, etc.
Decide on what confounding variables need to be controlled and how they may be controlled or
monitored. Give full practical details and short explanations of how and why each factor needs
to be controlled.
Tips
The table must match the procedure and contain clear headings with units for each column.
A hypothetical graph with clearly labelled axes must be drawn or suggested.
Suggest a statistical test, null hypothesis and explain how to use the test.
Tips
A limitation is a genuine source of error, or, variable which cannot be controlled. It will affect the
dependent variable and hence the reliability of your results.

A student was completing work experience at a local dental surgery. He was interested in investigating
the extent to which different drinks could affect tooth decay. Many of the patients suffering from tooth
decay reported that they regularly drank orange juice for breakfast. The dentist agreed to help by
providing some teeth that had been extracted from a variety of patients.
The student formed the hypothesis that the lower the pH of the drink the faster a tooth will decay. Plan
an investigation to test this hypothesis.

(a) A consideration of whether there are any safety or ethical issues you would need to consider. (3)

(c) A detailed method explaining exactly how you would carry out this investigation and how important
variables are to be controlled or monitored. (10)
(d) A clear explanation of how your data is to be analysed in order to make conclusions concerning this
hypothesis. (4)

[Total 23 marks] Q3. Edexcel 6BIO8 JUN 2011

When scientists genetically modify a plant to contain a useful gene, they usually produce clones of the plant for
further testing and evaluation. Plant tissue culture can be used to grow a large number of clones from small
pieces of plant tissue. Plant growth regulators are used in tissue cultures to control the growth of the plant tissue.
Plan an investigation to test the following hypothesis: The higher the concentration of a plant growth regulator
the greater the rate of growth of the plant tissue.

(a) A consideration of any safety or ethical issues you would need to consider. (3)
Tips
Clearly indicate whether your suggestion is a safety or ethical consideration.
Be specific and give a brief explanation for each suggestion. For example avoid stating that release of
GMOs into the environment is unsafe, rather, give a brief explanation to say why it may be unsafe.

Tips
Check out ideas to find the best method to do the experiment. Decide upon the independent variable
and plan how it can be varied effectively. You may have to suggest suitable values that you plan to
work with.
Devise or invent a suitable way to measure the dependent variable. It should be able to generate
numerical data for analysis.
Decide on what variables need to be controlled and how they may be controlled or monitored.
Tips
Clearly state the independent and dependent variable.
Give full practical details of how the independent variable can be varied effectively. Suggest suitable
values and state the units, wherever possible.
Clearly define and describe what is to be measured and how it can be measured, including formulae,
equipment, procedure, etc.
Decide on what confounding variables need to be controlled and how they may be controlled or
monitored. Give full practical details and short explanations of how and why each factor needs to be
controlled.
hypothesis. (4)
Tips
The table must match the procedure and contain clear headings with units for each column.
A hypothetical graph with clearly labelled axes must be drawn or suggested.
Suggest a statistical test, null hypothesis and explain how to use the test.

Tips
A limitation is a genuine source of error, or, confounding variable which cannot be
controlled. It will affect the dependent variable and hence the reliability of your results.
Q3. Edexcel 6BIO8 Jan 2012

Hypothetical
Mean inhibitory
graph
effect / mm
Ethanol concentration (%)
Rate of enzyme
-1
action / min
Protease concentration / g cm -3

Percentage change
in mass (%)
Hypothetical
graph
Concentration of
magnesium ions (%)

There may be other factors which can affect protein digestion, like solvents in detergents or other
chemicals in the detergents may also break bonds within the proteins and make digestion easier.


Mean difference in diameter

of zone of inhibition / mm
Hypothetical
graph
Species A Species B
Source of secretion
Model answer 9: June 2014 / 6BIO8 / QUESTION 3 (planning an investigation)
(b) A description of appropriate preliminary practical work that you might undertake to ensure your
proposed method would provide meaningful data. (3)

0
50
100
150
200
250
300
change in leafhoppers (%)
Hypothetical
Mean percentage
graph
Number of wolf spiders / field

Alpha-amylase is an enzyme that hydrolyses glycosidic bonds in starch.
The pigeon pea plant (Cajanus cajan), shown in the photograph below, produces an inhibitor of alpha-
amylase. This inhibitor reduces the activity of alpha-amylase.
Plan an investigation to determine which part of this plant is the best source of the inhibitor.
(a) A consideration of whether there are any safety or ethical issues that you would need to take into
account. (2)
(b) A description of appropriate preliminary practical work that you might undertake to ensure your
proposed method would provide meaningful data. (3)

(c) A detailed method, including an explanation of how important variables are to be controlled or monitored. (10)

(d) A clear explanation of how your data are to be recorded, presented and analysed in order to draw
conclusions from your investigation. (4)
-1
Effect of the inhibitor / min
Hypothetical
graph
Leaf Root
Source of the extract

(Total for Question 3 = 22 marks)
Model answer 11: June 2015 / 6BIO8 / QUESTION 3 (planning an investigation)
-3
concentration / gcm
Hypothetical
Vitamin C
graph
Duration for which food is

kept warm after cooking / mins

Hypothetical
graph
Effectiveness of
the inhibitor (%)
A B C D E
Type of inhibitor
Model answer 13: JUNE 2011 / 6BIO8 / QUESTION 3 (planning an investigation)

Model answer 14: SPECIMEN PAPER W2 / 6BIO8 / QUESTION 3 (planning an investigation)
Many fruits and seeds contain germination inhibitors which delay germination until the inhibitors have been
washed away by rain or become inactivated. In tomatoes, the inhibitors delay germination until the fleshy
tomato fruit has rotted away releasing the seeds.
It has been suggested that, in tomatoes, the inhibitor of seed germination is present in the fleshy tissues of
the fruit rather than in the seed coats. Specimen paper
(a) A consideration of what sampling techniques might be appropriate to this investigation and any
safety or ethical issues you would need to consider. (3)
Safety
Decaying tomatoes may harbour harmful bacteria. Care should be taken while
handling such tomatoes. Wash hands thoroughly with an antiseptic after handling the
tomatoes.
Tomato pulp or juice can be a nutrient source for harmful bacteria. So, clean up any
spills in the laboratory with ethanol.
While preparing the pulp extract, make sure that the power plug of the blender is
pulled out of the socket when not in use. This will prevent from electric shock.
Decide on how the independent variable (the presence or absence of inhibitor) is going
to be practically carried out, or, a range of concentrations of inhibitor may also be
used. The experimenter should make a clear choice of how the independent variable is
to be varied.
Decide on what exactly is going to be measured as the dependent variable. In this case
the percentage germination will be appropriate to measure.
Decide on what confounding variables need to be controlled. For example, the
temperature, distance between the seeds in each dish, oxygen availability, water
supply, time scale that would be suitable must be found out by short pilot experiments
or research from other sources like textbooks or internet.
Independent variable
The independent variable is the presence or absence of the germination inhibitor. Wash 100
seeds obtained from a single large tomato (or two tomatoes from the same plant), with
distilled water to remove any inhibitor from the surface of the seed coat. Blot the seeds dry
with a filter paper. Place 50 of these seeds into a beaker containing 100cm3 of distilled water.
The remaining 50 seeds are soaked in a beaker containing the 100cm3 pulp extract. Keep both
beakers in a thermostatic water bath maintained at 300C for 30 minutes.
Confounding variables
Confounding variables are those factors which can influence the dependent variable. These
factors should be controlled in order to obtain reliable results.
Germination conditions
10 tomato seeds from the distilled water beaker are placed on to surface of a moist filter
paper in a large Petri dish. The distance between the seeds is kept constant to avoid
competition for resources. The cover of the Petri dish is replaced and the Petri dish is
incubated in a thermostatic incubator maintained at 300C for 36 hours. The seeds in the Petri
dish can receive oxygen in abundance, as the Petri dish is not sealed. Add 3cm3 of water to
the Petri dish every 8 hours to ensure that the filter paper remains moist.
Repeat the procedure with seeds that have been treated with the pulp extract. Add 3cm3 of
pulp extract to the Petri dish every 8 hours.
Preparation of pulp extract
Weigh 50g of peeled tomato pulp, without seeds. Add 100 cm3 distilled water to the tomato
pulp and blend it for 3 minutes in a food blender. Then filter the pulp to obtain the pulp
extract, which will contain the inhibitor for seed germination.
Dependent variable
The percentage germination at the end of 36hours is measured as the dependent variable. All
seeds that have germinated to produce a visible radicle and plumule are counted as
germinated seeds.
% germination = (Number of seeds germinated per dish / Total number of seeds per dish) x 100
Repeat the experiment 5 times and find the mean percentage germination.
hypothesis. (4)
Number of seeds germinated per dish Percentage
Treatment given Dish 1 Dish 2 Dish 3 Dish 4 Dish 5 Mean germination per
to seeds dish (%)
Treated with
distilled water
Treated with
germination
inhibitor
A bar graph can be used to analyse and display the results.
A t test can be used to analyse and interpret the data to draw valid conclusions.
Null hypothesis: there is no significant difference between the mean percentage germination
of seeds with or without the inhibitor.
If the calculated t value is greater than the critical t value, at 5% significance level, then
reject the null hypothesis.

Some seeds may not be viable and will not germinate even in ideal conditions. This
could influence the reliability of the results.
All the inhibitor may not be washed away from the seed coat when washed with
distilled water.
The tomato pulp may contain other substances along with the inhibitor. These substances
may also influence the germination of seeds. So, it would unfair to conclude that the inhibitor
alone is influencing germination.
[Total 23 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
Model answer 15: JUNE 2007 W2 / 6BIO8 / QUESTION 3 (planning an investigation)
A student observed honeybees that were visiting flowers to collect nectar (a sugary product from flowers). He
noticed that they showed a preference for collecting nectar from flowers of a particular colour.
Design an investigation, which you could personally carry out in the laboratory or field, to test the hypothesis that
when collecting nectar, honeybees are able to recognise colour. Jun 07

Safety consideration
Honey bees could deliver painful and sometimes fatal stings. So, avoid getting too close to
the bees and wear a protective face mask and coat to avoid being stung.
The habitat may contain plants with spines or some plants may contain irritants. Survey
the habitat and avoid contact with such plants.
Ethical consideration
Care should be taken to ensure that the honey bees or other animals in the environment
are not harmed during the experiment.
Sampling techniques
Random sampling can be carried out to randomly select plants that would be used in this
investigation, as it would be impossible to monitor the number of visits by honey bees to all
the plants in an area. The random nature of selecting plants for observation helps to reduce
bias.
A suitable site must be selected and surveyed. The site should have at least two colours
of roses, red and white. This is the independent variable for this investigation.
The dependent variable will be the number of visits to the flowers in a given area per
unit time. During the survey, it must be checked whether the bees visit both types of
flowers. This can be done by simple observation.
During the survey, decide on what other factors could influence the frequency of visits
to the flowers by the honey bees. The distance that must be maintained to safely, yet
accurately, count the number of visits to a flower can be worked out. The most suitable
time of the day can be determined, the influence of wind velocity on frequency of visits
can be estimated, a method of standardising the distance between flowers can be
devised, and any other factor that can influence the frequency of visits can be
identified.
The independent variable is the colour of the flower visited by the honey bees. Two colours of
roses, red and white are chosen for this investigation. Flowers of other colours and species
can be removed by using a sharp scissors. The investigation is carried out in a field having
both red roses and white roses.
Confounding variables are factors that can influence the dependent variable. So, these factors
need to be controlled.
A large field containing white and red roses is chosen for this investigation. Plots of 1m 2 are
randomly selected within the field and chosen as sampling areas. Each area must contain red
and white roses. Count the number of roses in each 1m2 area and adjust the relative number
of red and white roses in the plot by cutting off the roses which are in excess. There should be
equal number of red and white roses per plot. This will also standardise the mean distance
between the flowers, as there will be equal number of flowers per 1m2 area. The size of flowers
can be controlled by removing half grown or small flowers from each plot and leaving only
the largest mature flowers intact. Rose nectar can be added to all the flowers within the plots
to ensure that all flowers have excess nectar.
Setup a video recorder on a tripod 1m away from the plot and focus it on to the flowers
within the 1m2 plot for 1 hour. Repeat the experiment for 9 other randomly selected plot of
1m2 at the same time of the day.
Dependent variable
Replay the recordings and count the number of visits to each colour of flower within the
duration of 1 hour.
Frequency of visits = Number of visits to a particular colour of flower / time
A visit should be counted only if the honey bee spends at least 2 seconds on the flower.
hypothesis. (4)
The data obtained from this investigation can be represented in the table shown below.
Frequency of visits to the flower
Colour of flower Plot Plot Plot Plot Plot Plot Plot Plot Plot Plot Mean
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Red roses
White roses
A bar graph can be used to analyse and display the results.
Hypothetical graph
A t test can be used to analyse and interpret the data to draw valid conclusions.
Null hypothesis: there is no significant difference between the mean number of visits to the
red roses and white roses by the honey bees.
If the calculated t value is greater than the critical t value, at 5% significance level, then

Wind velocity, light intensity and other factors are difficult to standardize. These
factors could influence the frequency of visits to the flowers.
The number of bees in the habitat could also influence the frequency of visits. This is
difficult to control and can influence the reliability of the results.
Other senses, like smell could be attracting the bees to different flowers.
Interactions between bees and other insects may affect colour choice. For example, the
bees may not visit one type of flower because the flowers may be infested with ants. So,
competition may influence the frequency of visits rather than recognition of colour.
[Total 23 marks]
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
Model answer 16: JANUARY 2003 W2 / 6BIO8 / QUESTION 3 (planning an investigation)

Safety
The woodland vegetation may contain stinging insects and invertebrates, like centipedes
or scorpions. Wear leather footwear and carry long forceps to keep these animals away.
Sharp twigs in the coppiced woodland could cause serious cuts. Exert caution while
working in the coppiced area.
Some soft stemmed plants may contain allergens, like pollen or stinging cells. Avoid
contact with such allergens.
Ethics
The froghoppers and other animals that may be captured should not be harmed and must
be released back into their natural habitat once the experiment is over.
Sampling method
Since the area will have hundreds of soft stemmed plants, it is not practically possible
to estimate the number of froghoppers on every plant in the habitat. So, plants can be
randomly selected and used for estimation of the froghopper abundance.
Survey many areas and select an area where there are plenty of soft stemmed plants
and froghoppers.
Decide on the most suitable time of the year to carry out this investigation.
Decide on the most suitable method for estimation of the abundance of froghoppers, for
example will you use population density or Lincoln index. A short pilot experiment
can be carried out to decide on the best method.
Decide on a suitable size quadrat that can be used for this investigation.
HYPOTHESIS: Coppicing of woodland increases the number of froghoppers
Type of habitat: Coppiced or non coppiced woodland
Select an area of woodland community in which soft stem plants grow and in which
froghoppers are found. Choose a plot of land 50m x 25m and use it to carry out the
investigation. After estimating the abundance of froghoppers, coppice the area and remove
all the twigs and branches. After a month repeat the investigation in the same area and
estimate the abundance of froghoppers.
Confounding variables are those variables that can influence the abundance of froghoppers
in the habitat. These factors must be controlled or monitored to obtain reliable results.
Random Sampling
Run two ropes perpendicular to each other covering an area of 50 25m. Mark the rope at
1m intervals to serve as the X and Y axis of the sampling area. Place a quadrat square of 1m
1m in a coordinate selected by a random process. Place a beating tray above the quadrat
and below the plants and using a stick and pooter collect the froghoppers. Repeat the process
10 times by selecting different random areas and collect the froghoppers. Count the total
number of froghoppers (S1) and mark all of it with a water proof marker under their bodies.
Release them to mingle with the other froghoppers in the habitat for 2-3 days. After three
days repeat the processes and collect froghoppers from random coordinates (from 10
coordinates). Count the total number of froghoppers (S2). Count the number of marked
froghoppers recaptured (R).
Dependent variable
The dependent variable is the abundance of froghoppers in each habitat. This can be
estimated by the Lincoln index which gives an estimate of the population size.
Lincoln index = (S1 S2) / R
Compare the Lincoln index of after coppicing and before coppicing.

REPETITION
Repeat the process in 2 more areas and compare their Lincoln index. (Find the mean). The
experiment must be carried out at the same time of the year in all the three areas.
hypothesis. (4)
Sample 1 Sample 2 Recaptured Mean Lincoln index = (S1 x S2) / R
(S1) (S2) (R)
Habitat
Trial 2
Trial 2
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 3
Trial 3
Trial 1
Trial 1
Trial 1
Mean
Mean
Mean
Coppiced
woodland
Non-coppiced
woodland
The results can be presented in a suitable graphical form as shown below.
The data can be analysed by using a t-test to determine whether the difference between the
abundance of froghoppers in the two habitats is significant or not.
Null hypothesis: there is no significant difference between the number of froghoppers in

coppiced and non-coppiced woodlands.
If the calculated t value is greater than the critical t value, at the 5% significance level, then
Limitations
It is difficult to control all the biotic and abiotic factors in each habitat (Zone)
All the froghoppers (within the quadrat) may not be collected because there is a chance of
some froghoppers flying away
Froghoppers may not re-distribute themselves after being marked and released
Some froghoppers may emigrate or immigrate and some may be killed (or may die) between
the time of release and recapture
Note: The answers above are model answers to give students an idea about the
approach and format of writing plans for investigations. Students will be tested on an
unfamiliar topic and will need to plan each experiment to satisfy the requirements of the
hypothesis. Practice for the exam by answering the remaining questions and get a
feedback from your teachers.
Your answer for each question should give details under the following headings.
hypothesis. (4)
Q17. Creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) reproduces sexually by seeds, but it also reproduces asexually by
means of runners. Runners are stems that grow from the parent plant along the surface of the soil. Creeping
buttercup often grows in fields of short grass.
The structure of a creeping buttercup plant is shown in the diagram below.
Design an investigation that can be undertaken outdoors to test the hypothesis that the number of plants
reproducing asexually is linked to the density of plants. Jun 09
Q18. The banded snail (Cepaea nemoralis) has many varied phenotypes, ranging from a shell having a single
stripe to one having six or more stripes. An example of a banded snail is shown in the photograph below.
The main reason for this variation in numbers of stripes may be due to selection by predators, since the different
phenotypes provide camouflage in different habitats.
The song thrush is a major predator of banded snails. The song thrush carries the snail to a favourite place
containing a large stone, called an anvil stone. Here it repeatedly hits the snail on the anvil stone until the shell
breaks open. The snail is then eaten and the shell is left behind.
The shells left near the anvil stone form a useful way of monitoring the type of snail selected by individual birds.
Design an investigation to test the hypothesis that banded snails with more stripes are better camouflaged in
open grassland areas than in woodland. Jan 09
Q19. Earthworms are animals important in maintaining soil quality. If their numbers fall, soil aeration and water
penetration may be severely reduced. Farmers usually prepare ground for growing crops by turning over the soil
using a traditional plough, but earthworm numbers fall when such a method is used. A farmer decided to try out
a new technique using a chisel plough, where the soil is not turned over.
Some species of earthworms produce faeces in the form of casts on the surface of the soil and the mass of
casts in an area can be used to assess the number of earthworms present.
Design an investigation the farmer can use to test the hypothesis that there are more earthworms found in soil
subjected to chisel ploughing compared with soil subjected to traditional ploughing. Your suggested study
should have little impact on the environment and the earthworms. Jun 08
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q20. Many plants produce chemicals that inhibit the growth and germination of other plant species. This allows
the plants to reduce competition and to grow more vigorously. Mouse-ear hawkweed (Hieracium pilosella) is a
flowering plant that grows in meadows and pastures. In these habitats, this plant often competes successfully
with grasses,especially those of the Festuca species. Plan an investigation to be carried out in the laboratory to
test the hypothesis that the roots of Hieracium contain chemicals that inhibit the germination of Festuca seeds.
Jan 08
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q21. Some students argue that listening to music helps them to memorise their notes when revising for
examinations. Plan an investigation, which you personally could carry out, to test the hypothesis that listening to
music will increase the performance of students on a specific task. Jan 07
......
Q22. In many parts of Europe the numbers of red squirrels are decreasing. It has been suggested that one
reason for this is because of competition for their food such as acorns, which are nut-like fruits produced by oak
trees.
Plan an investigation to be carried out in a large wood known to have a population of red squirrels to test the
hypothesis that there is no relationship between the numbers of acorns found on the ground each year and the
number of red squirrels. Jan 06
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q23. On grasslands where cattle are grazed in large numbers, their dung (faeces) becomes a serious problem
as it covers the ground, reducing the area of actively-growing grass. Dung beetles are small insects that remove
cattle dung and play an important role in maintaining a balanced ecosystem. The faster the dung can be
removed by these beetles, the more grass will become available for cattle to eat. A farmer is planning to
introduce a new species of dung beetle called Superpat. It is claimed that Superpat removes cattle dung at a
faster rate than the native dung beetle which is currently found in his fields. Plan an investigation, which you
personally could carry out, to test the hypothesis that Superpat dung beetles will produce a larger area of grass
for grazing than native dung beetles. Jun 05
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q24. It has been suggested that an insect called the crown weevil could be used as a control agent of the cotton
thistle, which is a serious weed of some grasslands used to feed cattle. The diagram below shows a cotton
thistle plant with its rosette of leaves radiating out from a central shoot.
The female adult stage of the crown weevil lays its eggs on the underside of the cotton thistle leaves. The larvae
(grubs) that emerge from these eggs burrow through the leaves to the centre of each rosette. Here they feed on
the bases of the leaves or on young shoots. A student decided to test the idea that as the number of weevils is
increased the number of seeds produced by the thistle is reduced. Plan a laboratory-based investigation, which
you could personally carry out, to test this hypothesis. Jun 04
...
Q25. Potatoes are one of the major sources of carbohydrate worldwide. However, they can be affected by many
diseases that seriously reduce productivity. The leaves of potato plants may be affected by a virus that causes
the leaves to curl, which reduces the surface area of the leaves exposed to sunlight. The virus is passed from
plant to plant by insects called aphids. Modem techniques have made it possible to produce potatoes, called
marvel, that show increased resistance to this virus compared to the unaltered type, called native. A student was
asked to carry out an investigation, in a laboratory or a glasshouse, to test the hypothesis that marvel potato
plants have greater viral resistance than native plants. Jan 04
All the best for your exam preparation.

Dr. Stafford Valentine Redden
(B.Sc., B.Ed., M.A., M.Sc., M.Ed., Ph.D.)
Founder of www.staffordeducationalservices.com
Lectures for the entire syllabus, tutorial discussions, past paper discussions, live support.

Planning An Investigation Model Answers Five Complete Plans New Repaired

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Planning An Investigation Model Answers Five Complete Plans New Repaired

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

PLANNING AN INVESTIGATION MODEL ANSWERS BY STAFFORD

Serial 6B / 6BIO8 / WBIO8 / W2 PAPER

20 W2 (Old syllabus) DO IT YOURSELF

21 W2 (Old syllabus) DO IT YOURSELF

22 W2 (Old syllabus) DO IT YOURSELF

23 W2 (Old syllabus) DO IT YOURSELF

24 W2 (Old syllabus) DO IT YOURSELF

25 W2 (Old syllabus) DO IT YOURSELF

All plans are discussed on ETUITION at www.staffordeducationalservices.com

Plan an investigation to test this observation.

Your answer should give details under the following headings.

(e) The limitations of your proposed method. (3)

Plan an investigation to test this hypothesis.

Your answer should give details under the following headings.

[Total 23 marks] Q3. Edexcel 6BIO8 JUN 2011

Model answer 4: January 2012 / 6BIO8 / QUESTION 3 (planning an investigation)

Your answer should give details under the following headings.

(e) The limitations of your proposed method. (3)

Ethanol concentration (%)

Model answer 7: May - June 2013 / 6BIO8 / QUESTION 3 (planning an investigation)

Model answer 8: January 2014 / 6BIO8 / QUESTION 3 (planning an investigation)

Mean difference in diameter

Number of wolf spiders / field

Model answer 10: January 2015 / 6BIO8 / QUESTION 3 (planning an investigation)

(e) The limitations of your proposed method. (3)

(Total for Question 3 = 22 marks)

Duration for which food is

Model answer 12: January 2016 / 6BIO8 / QUESTION 3 (planning an investigation)

A bar graph can be used to analyse and display the results.

(e) The limitations of your proposed method. (3)

Your answer should give details under the following headings.

(e) The limitations of your proposed method. (3)

Model answer 16: JANUARY 2003 W2 / 6BIO8 / QUESTION 3 (planning an investigation)

Your answer should give details under the following headings.

Compare the Lincoln index of after coppicing and before coppicing.

The results can be presented in a suitable graphical form as shown below.

Null hypothesis: there is no significant difference between the number of froghoppers in

(e) The limitations of your proposed method. (3)

All the best for your exam preparation.

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen