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1a)

1i) It is part of the Central Processing Unit where data are processed and manipulated.
The processing and manipulating of data normally consists of arithmetic or logical
comparisons allowing a program to take decision.

ii) Control Unit will decode the instruction:


Find out what operation to carry out
Find out where to get the data required
Decide where to place the result of the operation
Give directives to other components involve in carry out the operation
Activate the components at the correct time
Trigger the correct actions to be taken by each involving component
Establish the correct path for the flow of data
iii) Register: a location (storage area), which is sometimes protected. Used for specific
purposes only e.g accumulator, program counter

1b) Memory Address Register (MAR): Stores address of memory location currently in
use
Memory Data Register (MDR): Stores data being transferred to or from main memory
Current Instruction Register (CIR): Holds the instruction s currently decoded.
Program counter: Stores the address of the next instructions to be executed.

1c) Cycle time is is the amount of time required for a signal to complete an entire cycle.

1d) The CPU RAM capacity and processor

2a) Optical Character Reader and Scanner -> identification purposes

6)
a) phishing, keylogging
b) no firewall sia
c) There’s a risk of bank card number being exposed to criminals.
There’s no signature required for online shopping
d) The customer will need to have the bank card physically before he can do any
online transaction thus minimize the risk of criminal using his card. Since the unique
number constantly changes after every login, it’s useless for hackers to acquire this
number. There is no connection between the card reader and the computer, this prevents
hackers from getting access to the card reader and acquire the number.

7)
a) float (money/salary), integer (number of payroll), character(name)
b) the data consists of more than one data type
Example: struct, class
c)i) function can return a value while procedure cannot return a value
ii) Calculating the total tax payable: function because it needs to return the
amount of tax payable
Outputting a list of employees in alphabetical order: procedure because
there’s no need to return any value

d) For pass-by-reference, the address of a variable is passed into the function. The
value of the variable may be changed after the execution of the function. For pass-by-
value, the actual value of a variable is passed into the function. The value would not
change when exiting from the function.

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