FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES

BETT2333 SEMESTER 2 SESI 2016/2017

LAB 5: FM DEMODULATOR (RECEIVER)

1.

NAME OF GROUP
MEMBER(S)& 2.
MATRIX NUMBER(S)

3.

COURSE

DATE

1.
NAME OF INSTRUCTOR(S)
2.

EXAMINERS COMMENT(S) VERIFICATION STAMP

TOTAL MARKS
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1 OBJECTIVES

1. To understand the basic concepts and structures of

frequency modulation (FM) receiver.
2. To understand the operation theory of phase locked loop (PLL)
FM demodulation.
3. To understand the operation theory of the conversion of FM to
AM.
4. To understand the operation theory of the orthogonal detector.

1.0 EQUIPMENT

1. Experiment module: Experiment 06 FM Receiver.

2. Power supply: +12 volt, -12 volt, GND
3. Equipments: Oscilloscope, function generator
4. 4mm connecting leads x 3 pcs for power source terminal
5. 2mm connecting leads x 6 pcs for test point

2.0 SYNOPSIS& THEORY

A receiver is a device, which can select the desired signal frequency

among the various types of electric wave at the antenna. Besides, the
receiver can also amplify and demodulate the signal in order to recover
the source signal. The structure of FM receiver is similar to the structure
of AM receiver, which both of them utilizes the super heterodyne mode.
The structure of super heterodyne includes the RF amplifier, mixer,
intermediate-frequency (IF) amplifier and FM demodulator. The RF amplifier
amplifies the received signal from antenna. Mixer is used to convert the
RF signal into IF signal. After that, the IF signal will be amplified by the IF
amplifier. Then the signal will pass through a FM demodulator to recover
to the source signal. However, the FM receiver needs additional limiter
and de-emphasis circuit.

The reason is that the modulated signal transmitted by the FM

transmitter is varied with the frequency and the amplitude remains
constant. Nevertheless, during the process of transmission, the
interference of noise or multi-path will cause the amplitude changes,
and then the audio signal, which is detected by the detector, consists
of the unwanted signal. Therefore, the FM receiver needs the limiter to
prevent the change of amplitude and the de-emphasis circuit is used to
recover the pre-emphasis action done by the transmitter.

Figure 6-1 is the system block diagram of the FM receiver, which is shown
that the tuner consists of RF amplifier, local oscillator and mixer. The RF
signal, which is received from the antenna will pass through the tuner
and convert to intermediate frequency (IF) with constant output. After
that the IF signal will be amplified by the IF amplifier. Then the signal will

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be sent to FM demodulator and stereo demodulator to demodulate. The

functions and theory of each sub-circuit are as follows:

Figure 6-1 System block diagram of FM receiver.

1. To implement a FM transmitter as shown in Figure 8-2 or refer to FM

RADIO TRANSMITTER module to transmit the FM signal. At audio signal
input port (TP5), input 100 mV amplitude and 1 kHz sine wave
frequency. Let J1 be short circuit and J2 open circuit, at this moment the
capacitor C5 is 10 F. By adjusting VR 2 so that the output signals
amplitude of the audio signal output port (TP2) is 0.5 V.
2. To implement a FM receiver as shown in Figure 11-2 or refer to FM
STEREO RADIO RECEIVER module. Switch on pin 1 of SW1 and the other
pins switch to off. Switch ON all pins at SW2. Let J2 short circuit. At this
moment, the FM receiver is selected to receive the signal from the FM
signal of FM RADIO TRANSMITTER module.
3. Adjust VR4 to center position. Adjust VR3 and VR5 to control the left and
right voice channels of the FM receiver so that the output volume is
sufficient. By using oscilloscope, observe on the output ports of left
(TP10) and right (TP11) voice channels of the audio amplifier. Then
record the measured results in Table 4-1.
4. Adjust VR2 of the FM transmitter so that the output amplitude of the
audio signal is 1 V and 1.5 V amplitude respectively. Repeat steps 2 and
3. Then record the measured results in Table 4-1.
5. At the audio signal input port (TP5) of FM transmitter, input 100 mV
amplitude and 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz sine wave frequencies respectively.
Let J1 short circuit and J2 open circuit, at this moment, the capacitor C5
is 10uF. Adjust VR2 so that the output signal amplitude at the audio
signal output port (TP2) is 1 V. Repeat steps 2 and 3, then record the
measured results in Table 4-2.

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Audio
Signal The Output Waveforms of The Output Waveforms of
Amplitude Left Voice Channel (TP10) Right Voice Channel (TP11)
s

0.5 V

1V

1.5 V

Table 4-1 Observe on the variation of the frequency

modulation signal by changing the amplitude of the audio

signal.

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Audio
Signal The Output Waveforms of The Output Waveforms of
Amplitude Left Voice Channel (TP10) Right Voice Channel (TP11)
s

500 Hz

1 kHz

2 kHz

Table 4-2 Observe on the variation of the frequency

modulation signal by changing the amplitude of the audio

signal.

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Table 4-3 Measured results of the FM receiver

3.0 DISCUSSION

1. Discuss all the results.

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4.0 CONCLUSION

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