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2 WELL INTERVENTION
Agenda
Business Overview
CT Surface Equipment
CT Applications
ACTive*
Discovery MLT
3 WELL INTERVENTION
Product Portfolios
Our product portfolio includes all the tools and services you need for efficient and
effective CT interventions
Coiled Tubing Equipment Coiled Tubing Logging and Perforating
Units Perforating
Data Acquisition Logging
Coiled Tubing Fluid Applications Coiled Tubing Completions
Well Kill / Kick Off Velocity String
Nitrogen Applications Completion Conventional and Spoolable
Wellbore Fill Removal ESP
Acid and Screen Wash Sand Management Gravel Pack and Consolidation
Matrix acidizing Advanced Services
Chemical Treatments and Shut offs Live Downhole Coiled Tubing Services
CT Cementing Integrated Coiled Tubing Production Service
Coiled Tubing Tools Vantage Coiled Tubing Logging
Flow Control CoilFLATE Inflatable Packer
Scale Removal
Fishing
Zonal Isolation
Milling/ Drilling / Underreaming
Tubing Cutting
4 WELL INTERVENTION
Our Profile
3,500
per year 3,000
$M 2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
5 WELL INTERVENTION
2010 CT Operational Breakdown
1%
1% Total Coiled Tubing Wellbore Cleanout
2% Coiled Tubing Well Circulation
Coiled Tubing Matrix
3% Non-Service Related
3% 15%
N2 Services Only - No CT
4% Coiled Tubing Equipment Rental
Coiled Tubing Tool Conveyance
4% Coiled Tubing Milling
Coiled Tubing Recharges Only
4% Coiled Tubing Cementing
11% Coiled Tubing Logging
Coiled Tubing Fishing / Retrieval
5% Coiled Tubing Completion
Coiled Tubing Perforating
Tool Service - No CT
5% Coiled Tubing Fracturing
10% Coiled Tubing ACTive Matrix
Coiled Tubing ACTive Perforating (0%)
5% Coiled Tubing ACTive Cleanout (0%)
CT-SCTRL (Coiled Tubing Sand Control) (0%)
Coiled Tubing ACTive Isolation (0%)
7% 10%
Directional Overbalanced (0%)
7% CTD Directional Underbalanced (0%)
6 WELL INTERVENTION
Common Intervention Methods
Where Coiled Tubing Fits
Intervention Methods
Coiled
Required Level of Engineering
Tubing
Snubbing
Unit
Workover
Slick Line
Rig
7 WELL INTERVENTION
1. CT Surface Equipment
Coiled Tubing Unit
Prime Mover
Control Cabin
/ Console
Tubing Reel
Injector Head
BOP/Stripper
Lifting
Equipment
9 WELL INTERVENTION
Injector Head Functions
Basic functions of the injector head
or equipment normally mounted on
the injector head include:
Injecting and retrieving the CT string
Holding the CT string static
Guiding the CT to the reel
Tension/compression measurement
(weight indicator)
Depth/speed measurement (depth
system sensor)
Mounting place for primary pressure
barrier (stripper)
10 WELL INTERVENTION
Chain System Hydra-Rig
Typical chain system includes:
Drive sprocket/system (1)
Inside tensioners (2)
Outside tensioners (3)
Lower idling sprocket (4)
11 WELL INTERVENTION
Injector Head Typical Specifications
Injector Head Model
HR 240 HR 440 HR 480
Capacities
Min. tubing size 1 1-1/4 1-1/2
Max. tubing size 1-1/2 2-3/8 3-1/2
Max. pulling force
open loop (lbf.) 20,000 40,000 80,000
closed loop (lbf.) 20,000 60,000 100,000
Max. snubbing force (lbf.) 10,000 20,000 40,000
Max. running speed (fpm) 200 240 150
Dimensions
Length (in.) 53 55 64
Width (in.) 34 52 64
Height (in.) 65 80 109
Weight (lbm) 3,400 7,800 12,650
12 WELL INTERVENTION
New Generations HR 580
Performance Data:
80,000 lb. Continuous Pull curves
40,000 lb. Continuous Snubbing
150 feet/min. Maximum speed
1-1/2 through 3-1/2 tubing sizes
Capable of running new 120,000 psi tubing
Superior slow speed control (inches per
minute)
95,000 lb. lifting capacity through outer frame
(CT)
80,000 lb. Lifting capacity from stripper (Stack)
Weights (Basic):
10,800 lbs. Assembled weight with 72
gooseneck, stripper box, minimal handling
slings, lube tank
13 WELL INTERVENTION
HR 680
Performance Data:
80,000 lb. Continuous Pull curves
40,000 lb. Continuous Snubbing
150 feet/min. Maximum speed
1-1/2 through 3-1/2 tubing sizes
Capable of running new 120,000 psi tubing
Superior slow speed control (inches per
minute)
95,000 lb. Lifting capacity through outer frame
80,000 lb. Lifting capacity from stripper
Weights (Basic):
9,500 lbs. Assembled weight with 72
gooseneck, stripper box, minimal handling
slings, lube tank.
14 WELL INTERVENTION
Guide Arch
The 44 rule .. Recommendations
Tubing Size (in.) Radius (in.)
1-1/4 48 to 72
1-1/2 48 to 72
1-3/4 72 to 96
2 72 to 96
2-3/8 90 to 120
HR 240 - 72-in.
2-7/8 90 to 120
HR 480 - 108-in. 3-1/2 96 to 120
HR 240 - 50-in.
15 WELL INTERVENTION
CT Well Control Equipment
Stripper
BOP
Why ??
16 WELL INTERVENTION
Stripper
Hydraulically actuated
3 different configurations
Top loaded
Side Door
Radial (High Pressure)
17 WELL INTERVENTION
BOP Features
Blind ram
Shear Ram
2 side port
Slip ram
Pipe ram
Equalizing Valves
18 WELL INTERVENTION
Other BOPs
Upper flange/connection adapter
Equalizing valve
Kill port
Equalizing valve
Pipe/slip rams
19 WELL INTERVENTION
CT Reel Functions
Basic functions of the reel: 5
Storing and protecting the CT string reel 2
drum (1)
Maintaining proper tension between reel and
injector head (reel drive system)
Efficiently spooling the CT string onto the
reel drum - levelwind system (2) 1
Circulating fluids with the drum rotating 1
swivel (3) 3
3
Application of protective coating or inhibitor
on tubing string - tubing lubricator system (4) 4
CT depth measurement system - reel
mounted counter and integrity monitor (5)
This is always the heaviest load. Determines logistics and applicability in many situations !
20 WELL INTERVENTION
Reel Models and Capacities
Hydra-Rig Reel Model/Configuration
21 WELL INTERVENTION
Reel Models
22 WELL INTERVENTION
CTU Power Pack and Control Cab
X-11
23 WELL INTERVENTION
CTU Skid Mounted
24 WELL INTERVENTION
CTU Barge Mounted
25 WELL INTERVENTION
CT Express
Trailer mounted CTU
Coiled Tubing Express Examples of Slb Units
26 WELL INTERVENTION
2. CT String Manufacturing,
Limitations and Pipe Management
The Birth of Coiled Tubing
PLUTO Project: 7 x 3in. ID pipelines from England to France During World War II
WELL INTERVENTION
CT String Manufacturing and Construction
CT is manufactured from flat metal strips, called skelps.
String construction and manufacturing processes depend on:
Type of assembly weld (butt weld, bias weld)
Wall thickness configuration (non-tapered, tapered, true taper)
Special purpose strings (weld bead removal, coated CT)
WELL INTERVENTION
Weld surface finished
WELDand
SURFACE FINISHED
heat treated
AND HEAT TREATED
In line seam
IN-LINE SEAMwelding
WELDING
Sheet Alloy
SHEET ALLOY
ROLLERS PRESSING
Rollers pressing sheet
SHEET into
INTOtube
TUBE
30 WELL INTERVENTION
String construction and manufacturing processes depend on:
Type of assembly weld (butt weld, bias weld)
Wall thickness configuration (non-tapered, tapered, true taper)
Special purpose strings (weld bead removal, coated CT)
31 WELL INTERVENTION
Coiled Tubing Products
Grades
60000 to 130000 psi Yield Materials
Configurations
Butt Welded
Continuous Milled (Bias Weld)
Tapered Strings
True Tapered Strings
Manufacturers
Tenaris - e.g. HS80 and HS80CM
HS80 CRA (corrosion-resistant alloy)
Quality Tubing - e.g. QT80 and QT800
QT -16Cr
WELL INTERVENTION
CT String Evolution
WELL INTERVENTION
Butt Welds
WELL INTERVENTION
Butt welds
Failures
Butt welds typically fail during cycling, not
during tensile overloads
Butt welds fail in their heat affected zone
(HAZ)
Welding should be considered a heat
treatment, increasing the hardness of the
steel
Harder material becomes brittle
Brittle material have poor H2S resistance
WELL INTERVENTION
Biased Weld Tube Construction
Strip
preparation
Tube formed
Weld completed
and area
heat treated
WELL INTERVENTION
Tapered CT String
Heavier wall
Intermediate
Lighter wall
WELL INTERVENTION
Limitations - Pressure and Tension
Pressure
and bending
Pressure, tension
and bending
Tension
and
compression
Pressure,
Effects closely related (cumulative forces)
tension and
possible torque operating limits should consider both factors
For example, increasing tension:
Lowers collapse resistance
Increases burst resistance
WELL INTERVENTION
CT Limitations
Burst
Burst
Tensile
Compression
Compression Tensile
Collapse Collapse
WELL INTERVENTION
Pressure and Tension Limits
Biaxial Plot 1st Generation
BURST PRESSURE (psi)
12,000
TUBING LOAD
(lb x 1000)
4,000
8,000
12,000
WELL INTERVENTION
Collapse Pressure and Ovality
WELL INTERVENTION
Understanding the CoilLIMIT Plot
Sc hlumberger
15000
W orkin g Limit OD - 1.500 in
Min. W all Thic k - 0.104 in
Th eoretic al Li mit Yield Strength - 90000.0 psi
Hole ID - 3.060 in
Max Po - 0.0 psi
10000 Max Pi - 0.0 psi
Max OD Ratio - 101.00 %
Min OD Ratio - 99.00 %
DifferentialDifferential
5000
Pressure - psi
-10000
-15000
-30000 -2 0000 -10000 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
Fo rce - lbf
80% of the Yield Strength of
Effective Force
the Pipe
(lbf)
*Mark of Schlumberger
WELL INTERVENTION
Determine the Safe Working Envelope
The CoilLIMIT* module (part of the CoilCADE software suite)
determines pressure and tension limits which are:
Based on:
physical properties of the material
geometry of the tube
Diameter, ovality and wall thickness (compensated for corrosive service)
relationship between pressure and tension effects
anticipated wellbore conditions
Prepared for each tubing size (OD and wall thickness)
Determined using Von Mises incipient yield criteria, i.e., advanced
equations/algorithms
WELL INTERVENTION
CT Limitations - Recap
Pressure and Tension Limits
Material Specifications
Single dimension. Only pressure or axial force
Non-Calculated Limits
Worse case scenario limits, regardless of material specifications and history.
Biaxial Ellipse Curves
Two dimensional. Combination of pressure and axial force
CoilLIMIT Envelope
Three dimensional. Combination of pressure, axial forces and ovality.
WELL INTERVENTION
CoilLIMIT - Real Time Real Time Information
WELL INTERVENTION
Tubing Forces Prediction
Total
CoilCADE* ACA 810
Coiled Tubing Weight Indicator Load 09-10-2011
50000
40000
Pickup
30000 Maximum Pickup (before 80%% of yield stress)
Weight Indicator Load - lbf
Slackoff
20000 Minimum Slackoff (before lockup and 80%% of yield stress)
10000
0
Stripper Friction Load - 1500 lbf
Well Head Pressure - 200 psi
-10000 Coiled Tubing Circ. Pressure - 4000 psi
Tensile Load on Tool at Max Depth - 0 lbf
Compressive Load on Tool at Max Depth - 0 lbf
-20000
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Measured Depth of Tool String - m
*Mark of Schlumberger
WELL INTERVENTION
Monitoring Ovality
UTLM Universal
Tubing Length
Monitor
WELL INTERVENTION
UTIM Display
Scrolling display
Graphical and numeric
outputs
Max/Min OD
Alert/alarm
Referenced with depth
WELL INTERVENTION
CoilLIFE - Keeping Track of Fatigue
CoilCAT
CoilLIFE
16
Life
14
12
10
6 Life - %
Fatigue
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Distance from CT downhole end - ft
(c) Schlumberger Dowell 1994-96
2. CoilLIFE transferred
CoilCAT
CoilLIFE
to Data Acquisition system
16 Current Life
Prev. Life
prior to job
14 Weld
12
10
6 Life - %
Fatigue
0
3. CoilLIFE
0
Updated
2000
during
Distance fromjob
4000
CT downhole end - ft
6000 8000
WELL INTERVENTION
Pipe Management
A Storage Corrosion Mitigation system to keep CT in its
original condition
Designed to minimize the exposure to corrosion damage
Once corrosion occurs, it remains for the life of the pipe
WELL INTERVENTION
Why Pipe Management?
WELL INTERVENTION
Pipe Management
ID Application Process
WELL INTERVENTION
Pipe Management
OD Application Process
CT
Depth
Encoder
CT
CT
Oiler
WELL INTERVENTION
Surface Efficiency Measuring Up
Listen to the Coiled Tubing
C B
A
D
Wall Thickness
Point A: 0.207
Point B: 0.166
Point C: 0.071
Point D: 0.182
WELL INTERVENTION
CT InSpec
Device mounts directly on levelwind
Data integrated w/ UTLM and fed to CoilCAT (acquisition system)
WELL INTERVENTION
CT InSpec Layout
Ultrasonic
Probes
Elastomer
Drip pan Element
WELL INTERVENTION
CoilSCAN - CTPID
Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL)
Non-static pipe contact
Pipe wear detection, including
Corrosion, pitting, WT and Ovality
CT depth and speed monitoring
57 WELL INTERVENTION
CoilSAVER - Protecting Your Investment
Well protection
Mitigation for over-snub and over-pull incidents
Solves reaction time problem
Adaptable to existing fleet
WELL INTERVENTION
Investigating Failures
Typical Methods
Visual and/or Lab
Investigation Operated within
Operated string
outside of limit
its
Obvious Conclusion NoWork
corrosive
Operated closefluids
Envelope
to its Limits
Not so Obvious Low10fatigue life
Acid Jobs
Total Mystery 65% Fatigue Life
WELL INTERVENTION
Questions ?
WELL INTERVENTION
3. CT Applications
A. Fluids conveying
62 WELL INTERVENTION
Well Kill/Kick-Off (Fluid Circulation)
63 WELL INTERVENTION
Nitrogen Applications
Nitrogen is used to displace fluids from the
wellbore. Two main applications
Kick Off
As the fluids are displaced and the
pressure exerted on the reservoir
decreases, the hydrocarbon begins to
flow.
Underbalance preparation
Fluids are displaced by Nitrogen until the
hydrostatic pressure of the fluid is
reduced to the desired level for
Engineered solutions using CoilCADE
Software used to
Select optimum depth
Select lowest practicable N2 rate
64 WELL INTERVENTION
Wellbore Fill Removal
Coiled tubing (CT) cleanouts are used to clean debris and/or particulates from wellbores. Water- or
oil-based fluids can be used, mixed with nitrogen if required. Most cleanouts are done with a simple
BHA consisting of a connector, a double check valve, and a wash nozzle. Wash nozzles are offered
in many different configurations, depending on the particular job and preference.
Engineered services provided to model accurately taking into consideration:
Wellbore profile and BHP
Fluid characteristics and rate
65 WELL INTERVENTION
Acid Wash
CT is placed across the required interval
and reciprocated while pumping acid.
Ensures acid is not contaminated with
borehole debris from above the zone of
interest.
66 WELL INTERVENTION
Screen Wash
67 WELL INTERVENTION
Jet Blaster
Existing 1-11/16 OD Blaster New 2-7/8 Blaster
68 WELL INTERVENTION
Matrix Acidizing - Diverted
CT is placed across the perforated interval and reciprocated while the acid is pumped, placing the
unspent and undiluted acid directly across the interval in question. The acid is not contaminated
with borehole debris when it is placed though CT. Furthermore, live acid does not contact the
wellbore, thereby protecting the production tubing and hardware. The well can be put back on
production immediately after the stimulation operation by jetting it with nitrogen pumped through the
CT. This reduces the chance of any by-products precipitating as the acid is spent.
Engineered servcies ensure treatment is designed considering :-
Length of interval
Type, quality and placement of diverter
69 WELL INTERVENTION
Chemical Treatment
Utilized for removal of soluble deposits
(waxes, parafins, etc) from wellbore or
perforations. CT is placed across the
required interval and reciprocated while
pumping desired chemicals. Ensures
chemicals are not contaminated with
borehole debris from above the zone of
interest.
Treatments optimized through:
Determination of deposit chemical
composition
Determination of surface area of deposits
Optimizing penetration rates and use of
mechanical assistance (jetting)
70 WELL INTERVENTION
Water Control Polymer Injection
Treatnents optimized by :
Minimizing treatment interval length
Accurate placement reduces
communication between zones
71 WELL INTERVENTION
Cement Placement
When wells are abandoned or recompleted, CT
can place very small volumes of cement inside
the well very accurately. The cement can be
placed as a balanced plug at an exact spot in
the well. Perforations can be squeezed and
fluids can be pumped to dress off the top of a
plug or to clean out any excess cement inside
the well. Consequently, less preparatory work is
required to recomplete the well.
72 WELL INTERVENTION
B. Conveying Tools
73 WELL INTERVENTION
Flow Control
74 WELL INTERVENTION
Scale Removal
Removal of inorganic salts (may be
combined with organic deposits)
Reduced flow area (ultimately plug)
Increased roughness
Preventing wellbore access
Design services consider:
Type of scale - soluble, insoluble
Location of scale - tubulars, completion
components
With a view to optimizing Bottom hole
assembly, fluid schedules and types and
forces to be placed on BHAs
75 WELL INTERVENTION
Fishing
76 WELL INTERVENTION
Fishing tools
Flow Activated
Alligator Grab
77 WELL INTERVENTION
Zonal Isolation
78 WELL INTERVENTION
Selective Fluid Placement
79 WELL INTERVENTION
Milling/Drilling
80 WELL INTERVENTION
PDC Mill
Mills
Different objects to be milled require different mills
Aggressive mills for soft or loose objects (proppant, sand, composite plugs)
Non-aggressive mills for hard objects (nipple profiles, hardened material)
Full suite of standard mills available
5-bladed junk mills, universal mill for junk, fill, soft metal
Taper mills, reaming of obstructions, mill out restrictions Bladed Junk Mill
Hurricane mills, for composite plugs, cement and abrasive material
Aardvark Mills, as hurricane mill, but tapered
Several specialty mills available
Taper Mill
Star Cutter Mills, special bladed mill for StageFRAC (one-trip)
Step mills, stepped mill faces, for hard jewelry (nipple profiles)
String Mills, mill through collapsed tubing, reaming after nipple mill out
PDC Mills, for very hard material, long sections of cement
Rotary shoes, to wash over objects
81 WELL INTERVENTION
Underreaming
82 WELL INTERVENTION
Tubing Cutting
Typically utilizes rotary internal
cutting for:
Tailpipe removal (drop)
Tubing string cut (retrieval)
83 WELL INTERVENTION
C. CT Logging
CTL Definition
The conveying of tools with Coiled Tubing whereby the downhole to and
from surface telemetry occurs through a wire
Includes Downhole Sensor Package (DSP) treatments
Exceptions
VIPER type BHAs for CT Drilling, Perforating Guns and Memory
Gauges
Applications
Pushing logging tools in high angle wells, pumping while logging and
logging while pumping
84 WELL INTERVENTION
System Components - CT Logging
Coiled Tubing
with internal Cable
Collector
Pressure
Bulkhead Deployment
System
Logging Unit
CT Logging Head
Logging Suite
85 WELL INTERVENTION
New Generation CTL Accessories
CT Head Adaptors
Vantage (1-11/16 and 2-1/2 OD)
CT Wired Disconnect / Multi Cycle Disconnect
Deployment Bars
Pressure Bulkhead
Reel Collector
Limitation :
No Cement Operation
No Ball activated tool
Flow rate restriction
86 WELL INTERVENTION