TMO60021 - V2.0 SG B12 Ed1 - CE PDF

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Copyright 2011 Alcatel-Lucent. All Rights Reserved

Welcome to BSS
B12 GERAN Solution Description
1. BSS B12 GERAN Solution Description

1. GERAN Solution Description
2. Abbreviations and Acronyms
1. Abbreviations and Acronyms

BSS B12 GERAN Solution Description
Upon completion of this course, you should be able to:
Describe the Base Station Subsystem

Describe the Alcatel-Lucent 9130 BSC Evolution
Describe the Alcatel-Lucent 9125 Compact Transcoder
Describe the Alcatel-Lucent 9100 BTS and 9110-E micro BTS
Describe the Alcatel-Lucent 9130 MFS Evolution
Describe the BSS transmission interfaces
Describe the network operation and maintenance functions
Your feedback is appreciated!

Please feel free to Email your comments to:
training.feedback@alcatel-lucent.com
Please include the following training reference in your email:

TMO60021_V2.0-SG Edition 1
Thank you!

TMO60021_V2.0-SG-B12-Ed1 Module 1.1 Edition 1
Section 1 Module 1 Page 1
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Document History
Edition Date Author Remarks
01 YYYY-MM-DD Last name, first name First edition


Page
1 Base Station Subsystem introduction 7

1.1 The BSS in the PLMN 8
1.2 Architecture 9
1.3 BSS functions 13
1.3.1 Call setup 14
1.3.2 Call handling 15
1.3.3 Call release 16
1.3.4 Operation & Maintenance (O&M) 17
1.4 Frequency band 18
1.5 Cell types 19
1.6 Telecom features 23
2 Base Station Controller description 29
2.1 Situation and functions 30
2.1.1 Telecommunication functions 31
2.1.2 Transmission functions 32
2.1.3 O&M functions 33
2.2 9130 BSC Evolution overview 34
2.3 ATCA and LIU shelves description 35
2.4 9130 BSC Evolution hardware and functional description 36
2.5 9130 BSC Evolution capacity 37
2.6 9130 BSC Evolution configuration 38
3 Transcoder description 42
3.2 TC STM-1 architecture 47
3.3 Hardware description 48
3.4 TC interfaces 49
4 Base Transceiver Station description 54
4.2 9100 BTS functional description 60
4.3 Antenna network 61
4.4 TRE generations and capabilities 62
4.5 Indoor cabinets 63
4.6 Outdoor cabinets 64
4.7 Micro BTS 65
5 MFS description 71
5.2 9130 MFS Evolution overview 74
5.3 ATCA and LIU shelves description 75
5.4 9130 MFS Evolution hardware and functional description 76
5.5 9130 MFS Evolution configuration 77
5.6 9130 MFS dimensioning characteristics 78
6 BSS interface description 84
6.1 Situation 85
6.2 The Air interface 86
6.2.1 Traffic channels 87
6.2.2 Control channnels 88
6.3 The Abis interface 89
6.3.1 Abis mapping (in TDM) 90
6.3.2 Secondary Abis 91

Page
6.4 The A interface 92

6.5 The Ater and Atermux interfaces 93
6.6 The Gb interface 94
6.7 The O&M interface 95
7 Operation & Maintenance principles 99
7.1 Operation & Maintenance overview 100
7.2 The Operation & Maintenance Center - Radio 101
7.3 The LMTs and IMT 102
7.4 O&M functions 103
7.4.1 Configuration Management 104
7.4.2 Supervision Management 105
7.4.3 Performance Management 106

The standard GSM PLMN consists of:
Mobile Stations (MSs), to transmit and receive calls.
At least one Base Station Subsytem (BSS), to act as the radio part that connects the mobile stations to
the switching part of the PLMN.
The Network Subsystem (NSS), to manage switching, interconnection and subscribers data.
The BSS provides radio coverage for GSM subscribers in a defined area and connects the mobile stations to the
switching part of the GSM PLMN.

There are three main units in the Alcatel-Lucent BSS:
The BTS, which provides the radio transmission and reception functions for a cell.
The BSC, which acts as the controller of the BSS. The BSC provides control of the BTSs and their
resources, and performs switching functions within the BSS.
The TC, which performs rate adaptation and encoding/decoding of speech and data between the MSC
and the BSC.
The BSS is supervised by the OMC-R.

In a large network, one or more high-level supervisors, such as NMCs, can exist to centralize network
management activities.

The success of the GSM took place in parallel with the explosion of the interest for Internet and the related data
services. Presently, data transmission over the air interface is limited to 9.6 kbps, too slow for the use of
graphics-intensive services.
Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS) is a digital mobile phone technology that allows increased data transmission rates and
improved data transmission reliability.
With (E)GPRS data traffic, the BSS also includes a Multi-BSS Fast Packet Server (MFS) to manage data packets
and perform Location Services (LCS) through Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC) functions within the MFS.
The Alcatel-Lucent BSS supports GPRS, the solution chosen by the ETSI in response to the demand for increased
data transmission rates.
This means there are now two systems in parallel in the PLMN:
The Circuit-switched transmission for voice (NSS),
The Packet-switched transmission for data (GSS).

An NSS comprises:
The Mobile Switching Center (MSC), which co-ordinates outgoing and incoming call set up for GSM
subscribers for voice and other user traffic.
The Home Location Register (HLR), which is the central database within a given network for mobile
subscriber-specific data.
The Visitor Location Register (VLR), which temporarily stores information about the mobile stations
entering its coverage area.
The Authentication Center (AUC), which manages the security data used for subscriber authentication.
The Equipment Identity Register (EIR), which contains the lists of mobile station equipment identities.
To handle (E)GPRS data traffic, the NSS also includes:

The Serving (E)GPRS Support Node (SGSN), which handles packet (i.e. data) traffic, including security
functions, and the interface to the HLR.
The Gateway (E)GPRS Support Node (GGSN), which provides interworking with external packet-switched
networks.

The BSS interfaces are:
The Ater mux interface, used to connect the BSC to the TC and/or the MFS.
The A interface, used to connect the TC to the MSC.
The Ater interface, which is an internal interface to the BSC and the TC.
The Abis interface, used to connect the BTSs to the BSC.
The Gb interface, used to connect the MFS to the SGSN (directly or through the TC and the MSC) - (Note:
interface MSC-SGSN is called Gs).
All these interfaces are carried over standard 2 Mbps PCM links of 32 TSs, 64 Kbps each.
As an option, the Ater mux and the A interfaces in the TC can be carried over an optical STM-1 interface (1 STM-
1 can carry up to 63 E1 interfaces), which can be then routed over the SDH network, offering improved
transmission efficiency.
As an option, the Ater mux and the Abis interfaces in the BSC can be carried over the STM-1 interface.
Also as an option, the Gb interface can be carried over IP, offering easier routing and lower costs.
From B12, all those interfaces can be over IP.
Other interfaces in this diagram:

Interface Gi between GGSN and Internet
Interface Gn between SGSN and GGSN

There are 3 types of call:
Mobility Management calls, such as location updates, are used by the system to gather mobile station
information. The exchanges are protocol messages only. Therefore, only a signaling channel is used.
Supplementary service calls, such as SMS, allow the mobile station to send and receive messages to
and from the BTS. These calls pass small amounts of information. Therefore, only a signaling channel is
used.
User traffic calls, such as speech or data calls to a correspondent, can pass large amounts of
information. Therefore, they require greater bandwidth than a signaling channel. These calls use traffic
channels.
Call set up processes include:

Radio and Link Establishment to assign a signaling channel between the mobile station and the NSS.
Classmark handling to manage different mobile station power and ciphering capabilities.
Ciphering to ensure data security on the Air Interface.
The normal assignment process to assign a traffic channel between the mobile station and the NSS.

Call handling involves:
In-call channel modification during a call
Maintenance of call integrity and quality through features such as Frequency Hopping, Discontinuous
Transmission or Radio Power Control
Handover to change channels when a mobile station moves from one cell to another
Handover when the quality of the current channel drops below an acceptable level
Ciphering to ensure data security on the Air Interface
Overload control to manage the call load on the system.

In the rural and coastal environments, coverage is principally a function of cell planning. Standard cell layouts,
providing coverage of up to 35 km, include:
Single cells
Concentric cells.
The goal of concentric cells is to increase the frequency economy of the network. This is done by reducing the
interference levels of some BTS carriers. These carrier frequencies can be re-used for smaller distances.
The inner zone serves a high concentration of MS calls in a small area, with a reduced maximum power output
limit. The outer zone performs call handling for a greater radius with a normal maximum power output limit. A
non-concentric cell has all the frequencies serving all of the 35 km radius area. This causes interference
problems due to the large number of frequencies being used.
In the urban environment, the coverage is determined by the location of the BTS antennae. Two types of cells
are normally used:
Macrocells - where the antenna is located above the roof top and propagation occurs in all directions. These
cells can be sectored by using specific antenna patterns.
Microcells - where the antenna is located below the roof top level, on building facades or street lights.
Propagation occurs mainly as line of sight along the street, with strong attenuation at street corners.
These two cell types can be used in a hierarchical cell environment where continuous coverage is provided by
the macrocell (umbrella cell) and locations of increased traffic density are covered by dedicated microcells.

In much denser traffic areas, depending on the required traffic capacity, a hierarchical network is used, where
continuous coverage is provided by an umbrella cell (macrocell), and traffic hot-spots are covered with dedicated
lower layer cells of limited range. Fast moving mobiles are kept in the upper layer cell to avoid a high rate of
handovers.
For medium density areas, small macrocells (called mini cells) are overlaid with one umbrella macrocell.
For higher traffic densities, microcells are installed in all the streets where very dense traffic occurs. Umbrella
macrocells provide continuous coverage for level and quality handovers, and saturated overlaid cells.

Handover occurs more frequently in a microcell environment due to the small radius sizes. Microcell handovers
occur:
To handle stationary MSs (especially MSs used indoors).
When an MS moves in a street covered by microcells.
To avoid losing calls. Whenever there is a risk of losing a call, a handover is triggered to the umbrella cell.
Fast moving mobiles are handled by the umbrella cell. A mobile handled by a microcell is sent to the umbrella
cell if the delay between handovers becomes too small. Conversely, a mobile is sent to a microcell if it receives a
high level of signal for a sufficient time.
Call quality/control is achieved by providing four thresholds for microcell handover and one handover threshold
for macrocell handover.
Microcell-to-microcell handover occurs due to the proximity of the two cells. When the power budget is better in
another cell, the MS is handed over to the cell which will serve the call more efficiently. This normally occurs in
microcells serving in the same street.

RPC uplink and downlink: ensure the dynamic balance between the quality of the radio link in both directions
(i.e., uplink and downlink), against interference with other cells. It also contributes to power conservation.
Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR): AMR is a set of codecs, of which the one with the best speech quality is used,
depending on radio conditions.
Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)/Voice Activity Detection: decrease the average interference level
generated by the network in both the uplink and downlink directions. This feature, in association with FH,
significantly improves spectrum efficiency without jeopardizing the quality of the telephony service.
Multiple CCCH: to increase the signaling bandwidth on the Air interface, 3GPP defines up to 4 time slots to
carry the CCCH information (TS0, TS2, TS4 and TS6). The Alcatel-Lucent-Lucent solution supports multiple
CCCH on TS0 and TS2.
Dual Transfer Mode (DTM): a dual transfer mode capable mobile station can use a radio resource for CS
traffic and simultaneously one or several radio resources for PS traffic.
Extended Dynamic Allocation (EDA): EDA is an extension of the basic Dynamic Allocation to allow a type 1
MS to use up to 4 radio time slots in the uplink direction instead of 2. With the EDA mode, the mobile station
detects an assigned USF value for any assigned uplink PDCH and allows the mobile station to transmit on that
PDCH and all higher numbered assigned PDCHs.
Type 1 mobile stations are MSs, which cannot receive and transmit at the same time.
Voice services over Adaptive Multi-rate channels on One Slot (VAMOS): VAMOS allows multiplexing of
two users simultaneously on the same physical resource in circuit-switched mode both in downlink and in uplink,
using the same timeslot number, ARFCN and TDMA frame number. Hence, a basic physical channel capable of
VAMOS supports up to 4 TCH channels along with their associated control channels (FACCH and SACCH).
A flex: in an NGN environment, provides SS7 signaling redundancy for the BSC by supporting connections with
more than one MSC server.

Database Management: the Database (or DLS for Data Load Segment) of the 9130 BSC Evolution contains all
the hardware and logical configuration of the BSS.
This Database is updated via operator commands from the OMC-R.
The Software Management allows the operator to upgrade or maintain the current BSS Software.
The Logical and Hardware Configuration Management allows the operator to display or modify the current
BSS hardware and logical configuration (extension reduction operations on the field, configure certain BSS
parameters like BTS characteristics, modify or create cell, etc.).
Fault Management: the 9130 BSC Evolution manages all the maintenance functions relating to itself, that is,
detection, localization, defense and reconfiguration. Reports are sent to the OMC-R when the BSC detects faults
or performs maintenance functions.
Performance Management: the BSC Performance Management function, on request of the OMC-R, monitors
the telecommunication operations and produces reports. These reports contain processed counters. The reports
are stored on disk and are available to the operator at the OMC-R. The BSC controls the sampling, data
collection and generation of observation and measurement files. It then transfers the files (either on-demand or
autonomously) to the OMC-R.
Remote Inventory Management: the Remote Inventory is a facility which consists in retrieving inventory
hardware and firmware of the 9130 BSC Evolution. This facility can be performed locally but also remotely with
the OMC-R.
All those functions are performed by the BSC and the OMC-R.
If the OMC-R is not connected, the network is still operational, but these tasks may not be performed.

The ATCA standard provides standard functions through Ethernet Gigabyte switches:
19 Chassis, 13U high
14 slots, Dual Star back plane
Pulled air for up to 200W per slot
Front access:
4 x Blowers
2 x Switch slot
12 x Node slot
1 x Air Filter
Rear access:
4 x PEMs (power supply)
2 x Shelf Managers
2 x I/O Alarm card
2 x 8 x 1GE Uplink ports (located on 2 x RTM)
12 Rear Filler Plates for MX configurations

LIU SHELF
LIU boards
Up to 256 E1 links termination (16 LIU boards with and 16 E1/LIU board)
MUX boards
NE1oE (2 x MUX Boards)
Packing/unpacking of E1 frames over Ethernet
PEM
Redundant DC power supply (2x Power Entry Modules)
ATCA SHELF
TP board
NE1oE (Demultiplexing/Multiplexing of up to 252 E1 from/to GE)
E1 framers, TDM switching
HDLC, SS7, Q1 and ML-PPP handling
CCP/OMCP Boards (CCP running application software , OMCP running common functions and O&M OMCP)
Pentium M, 1.8 GHz, 2 GB SDRAM and 60 GB hard disk drive IDE (OMCP variant only for the HD)
SSW Boards (switch)
GbE Base Interface Switch
SHMC boards
Low level HW management of all the ATCA boards (including FANs) trough IPMI bus (Intelligent Platform
Management Interface).
PEM
In the ATCA shelf, provides line filtering and surge protection for the power supply connections
In the LIU shelf, provides voltage conversion and regulation

Configurations 6 and 7 are introduced by the feature Support of 1400 TRX / 7 CCP and are available only with
the TP-STM1.
NOTE 1: If Abis/Ater flexibility option is activated, the maximum number is 252.

NOTE 2: 0 76 with Abis/Ater flexibility activated
(*) - 4500 Erl with A(Sig)oTDM

- 5400 Erl with A(Sig)oIP and (A(UP)oTDM or A(UP)oIP)
(**) - 4500 Erl with A(Sig)oTDM

- 5400 Erl with A(Sig)oIP and A(UP)oTDM
- 6300 Erl with A(Sig)oIP and A(UP)oIP

EVOLIUM 9130 BSC Evolution has been designed according to the principles of high capacity, scalability and
large connectivity.
Two main types of configuration are available for the BSC Evolution:
standalone configuration: BSC Evolution with one telecom subrack equipped with minimum 2 and
maximum 6 CCP boards (one CCP board is used for redundancy).
rack sharing configuration: 2 BSCs Evolution with one telecom subrack equipped for each BSC and two
LIU shelves housed in one rack. Each telecom subrack is equipped with minimum 2 and maximum 6 CCP
boards (one CCP board is used for redundancy). The BSC can also share the rack with a 9130 MFS.
The TRE capacity of the BSC is 200 TREs/CCP so up to 1400 TREs are supported in this software release .

The TC is usually located next to the MSC.

Speech functions
Speech encoding and decoding for
Full rate: 13 kbps
Half rate: 5.6 kbps
Enhanced Full rate: 12.2 kbps
Adaptive multi rate:
8 FR_AMR codecs: 12.2 kbps; 10.2 kbps; 7.95 kbps; 7.4 kbps; 6.7 kbps; 5.9 kbps; 5.15 kbps; 4.75 kbps
6 HR_AMR codecs: 7.95 kbps; 7.4 kbps; 6.7 kbps; 5.9 kbps; 5.15 kbps; 4.75 kbps
PCM A-law or law configurable.
Static audio level adjustment in uplink and downlink independently configurable. Range of adjustment is -6 db to +6 dB
in steps of 1 dB.
Framing and synchronization of the vocoder blocks.
Discontinuous Transmission (DTX). This contains the voice activity Detection and the comfort noise measurement in the
Downlink direction. In the Uplink direction, it contains the comfort noise insertion and speech extrapolation.
Voice quality improvement:
Adaptive Multi Rate codec (AMR) is a set of 8 speech codecs with different codec rates from 12.2 Kbps to 4.75
Kbps. The codec rate is adapted dynamically depending on the radio interface quality. If the radio interface has
a bad quality, the codec rate low and the codec will add a lot of redundancy.
Wideband speech coding extends speech bandwidth between 50 Hz up to 7000 Hz. The extension from 3400 to
7000 Hz provides high intelligibility. The extension down to 50 Hz adds the feeling of transparent communication
and supports speaker recognition. The result is a significant improvement in the speech quality compared to
narrow band speech. In Alcatel-Lucent-Lucent implementation, Wideband AMR uses 6.60 Kbps, 8.85 Kbps and
12.65 Kbps. In order to take benefit from the high voice quality offered by this codec, TFO should be used.
Tandem Free Operation (TFO). In the case of mobile to mobile call, the speech is transcoded in the mobiles and
the transcoder could be by-passed. This would result in a much better voice quality because it removes double
transcoding.
Data service functions

Data rate adapting for V110 formats with intermediate rates of 8 kbps or 16 kbps.
Framing and synchronization of the data blocks.

The software is downloaded and managed from the TC NEM. It concerns:
the TC STM-1 software management
the MT120 software management.
The configuration is done by the operator, through the TC NEM, for the following parameters:
TC rack information management
remote inventory
MT120 configuration management
9125 TC STM-1 configuration management
STM-1 configuration management.
The fault management include sthe following sub-functions:
alarm octet management
fault supervision
board failure
environmental failures
board recovery
fault reporting

The 9125 TC can have three functional units:
The MT120 board is the main functional unit. It provides the multi-rate transcoding for up to 120 channels. This board has interfaces
for one Ater mux trunk towards the BSC and up to four A trunks toward the MSC.
The FANU board provides cooling for the MT120 boards in the rack.
The TCIF boards (which can be installed optionally in the 9125 TC rack) provide an STM-1 interface used to carry the Ater and A
interfaces multiplexed in an STM-1 format, minimizing the number of transmission links (4 STM-1 instead of 240 E1 links).
There are also:

The TC Internal Link (TCIL), which is a duplicated bus that connects all the MT120 boards of the rack. The TCIL bus is involved in the
following functions:
Forwarding the configuration information coming from the BSC over the Qmux connection, to the other MT120 boards from
the same cluster (see later for cluster definition).
Downloading the software from the TC terminal.
Sending alarm information to the TSCA board, via the MT 120 board that manages the Qmux connection with the BSC.
Communication temperature measurement.
The TC terminal, which is a personnel computer loaded with the TC terminal software and connected to the 9125 transcoder via an
MMI link. The MT120 physically connected to the TC terminal is the master on the TCIL bus and routes all the messages exchanged
between the TC terminal and all the other MT120 boards.
Interfaces
Ater mux Interface:
The TC is connected to the BSC or MFS via the Ater mux interface. In case of a connection to the MFS, the Ater mux possibly
conveys the Gb interface. All interfaces are standard 2048 kbps G703. Both 4:1 and 3:1 sub-multiplexing but only TS0
transparency are supported. The traffic channels are processed in the MT120 board. SS7,OMC-R X.25 and Gb channels go
transparently through the MT120.
It supports GPRS granularity mapping ( e.g., 3/4 GSM &1/4 GPRS).
The "A" interface connects the Transcoder to the MSC. This is a standard G703 interface that carries 64 kbps channels.
As an option, several Ater mux and/or A interfaces (max. 63) can be connected to the TC via an SDH transmission network, on an
STM-1 interface.
O&M interface: the BSC performs the O&M access via the Qmux bus. This access is used for configuration and supervision of the
MT120 board. There is a 1+1 connection, operating in active /standby mode. These 2 connections are carried on two 1200-bps
channels conveyed by the first 2 Ater mux links.
X21 interface: this interface is managed by the MT120 board and supports X25 channels used to interconnect the G2 BSC to the OMC-
R.

This figure gives the principle of the A, Ater multiplexing / demultiplexing in the Atermux interface for the
Atermux1 and 2 of one BSC.
Atermux interfaces 3 to 6 have an identical mapping, without Qmux channels. These are used for traffic
channels.

The area covered by a BSS is divided into logical cells and each cell is managed by a physical sector of a BTS.
Each BTS consists of radio transmission and reception devices including antennae and signal processing
equipment for the Air Interface.

Open Multi-drop topology CHAIN: one PCM link connects up to 15 BTSs (only 1 TRE for each BTS and using
the 16 kbps statistic multiplexing) in serial order and the PCM is not looped back to the BSC by the last BTS.
In chain topology, the BSC is connected on an Abis link to a BTS. This one is connected on its second Abis
port to a second BTS, the second BTS in its turn is connected to a third one, and so on.
Closed Multi-drop topology RING: one PCM link connects up to 7 BTSs in serial order and the PCM is looped
back to the BSC by the last BTS.
In ring or loop topology, the last BTS of a chain is connected back to the BSC. This topology offers security
since traffic between any BTS and BSC is broadcast on the two paths. The selection is based on dedicated
Service bits / bytes.
Industrialization of satellite features (on Evolium BSC/BTS only)
Satellite: the type of link (Terrestrial, Satellite) can be chosen from the OMC-R.
Abis side and A-interface side are exclusive.
For Abis links:
No Close Multi-drop.
Transmission supervision via OML only.
The BTS must be configured as free run (OCXO synchronization, not PCM synchronized).
Timer changes only for the satellite BTS.
Secondary Abis: In certain conditions, to support High Speed Data Service, one BTS may need more than one
PCM connection to the BSC.

Alarms in the BTS are tracked by the OMU.
The antenna network provides all necessary front-end filters, combiners, splitters and amplifiers to allow the
connection of several transceivers to a set of antennas. These functions are performed by 2 independent
modules:
ANC/AGC for duplexing and wide band combining,
ANY for wide band combining.
Currently, there are 3 types of SUM:
SUMP with E1 connectivity and no secondary Abis support.
SUMA with E1 connectivity and secondary Abis support.
SUMX with both E1, secondary Abis support and IP transmissions provisioning.
Secondary Abis may be needed if the BTS deals with very high CS or PS traffic.

Different transceivers are used depending on the band: 850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz.
Examples:
TRAL for 850 MHz
TRAG for 900 MHz
TRAD for 1800 MHz
TRAP for 1900 MHz

Multistandard base station indoor cabinet
MBI configurations
MBI-3 (8 TREs) instead of Mini Cabinet
MBI-5 (12 TREs) instead of Medi Cabinet
UMTS and GSM/GPRS boards can be plugged in, in the same rack, sharing the same housing, power supply,
external alarms, etc.

Types of cabinet and configurations
MBO1 - Multi Standard BTS Outdoor 1-door
up to 8 TREs GSM in 4 subracks
MBO2 - Multi Standard BTS Outdoor 2-doors
up to 12 TREs GSM in 7 subracks
Note: additional space available for other modules, equivalent to 4 TREs which will be used for
Multistandard configurations
In the same rack, UMTS and GSM/GPRS boards can be plugged in, sharing the same housing, power supply,
external alarms, etc.

The MFS provides resource and equipment management facilities for the packet-switched system (GPRS) in the
BSS.
It allocates resources and manages the data flow between the BTS and the GSS.

The MFS provides resource and equipment management facilities for the packet-switched system (GPRS) in the
BSS.
The MFS converts GPRS frames, carried on multiple 16 kbps links from multiple BTSs, to one or more frame
relay channels connected to the SGSN on the Gb Interface.
The Packet Control Unit (PCU) functions comprise:

Packet Assembly/Disassembly (PAD) function
Scheduling of packet data channels
Automatic Retransmission Request functions
Channel access control functions
Radio channel management functions.

The ATCA standard provides standard functions through Ethernet Gigabyte switches:
19 Chassis, 13U high
14 slots, Dual Star back plane
Pulled air for up to 200W per slot
Front access:
4 x Blowers
2 x Switch slot
12 x Node slot
1 x Air Filter
Rear access:
4 x PEMs (power supply)
2 x Shelf Managers
2 x I/O Alarm card
2 x 8 x 1GE Uplink ports (located on 2 x RTM)
12 Rear Filler Plates for MX configurations

LIU SHELF
LIU boards
Up to 256 E1 links termination (16 LIU boards with and 16 E1/LIU boards)
MUX boards
NE1oE (2 x MUX Boards): Packing/unpacking of E1 frames over Ethernet
PEM
Redundant DC power supply (2x Power Entry Modules)
ATCA SHELF
GP board
NE1oE (Demultiplexing/Multiplexing of up to 256 E1s from/to GE)
E1 framers, TDM switching
OMCP Boards (OMCP running O&M functions)
Pentium M, 1.8 GHz, 2 GB SDRAM and 60 GB hard disk drive IDE (OMCP variant only for the HD)
SSW Boards (switch)
GE Base Interface Switch
SHMC boards
Low level HW management of all the ATCA boards (including FANs) trough Intelligent Platform
Management Interface (IPMI) bus.
PEM
In the ATCA shelf, provides line filtering and surge protection for the power supply connections
In the LIU shelf, provides EMI filtering, down conversion in a 12V power supply, and collects the
alarms through an I2C line.

EVOLIUM 9130 MFS Evolution has been designed according to the principles of high capacity, scalability and
large connectivity.
Two main types of configuration are available for the MFS Evolution:
standalone configuration:
MFS Evolution with up to 9 GPs: 1 ATCA shelf with 1 LIU shelf equipped with 8 LIU boards.
MFS Evolution with up to 21 GPs: 2 ATCA shelves with 1 LIU shelf equipped with 16 LIU boards.
rack sharing configuration:
1 MFS Evolution with 1 ATCA shelf and 1 LIU shelf equipped with 8 LIU boards + 1 BSC Evolution with 1
ATCA and 1 LIU shelf

The channels of the cell are assigned to specific timeslots within the TDMA frames.

Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) is a technology that allows the real-time optimization of the speech coding scheme
with respect to actual radio propagation conditions.
The AMR Wideband (AMR-WB) codec is developed as a multi-rate codec with several codec modes like the AMR
codec. As in AMR, the codec mode is chosen based on the radio conditions. This feature is not compatible with
Tandem Free Operation (TFO).

The BCCH broadcasts cell information to any mobile station in range. Three channels use the BCCH timeslot:
FCCH: used on the downlink for frequency correction of the mobile station with the BTS.
SCH: used on the downlink for frame synchronization of the mobile station with the BTS.
BCCH: used to broadcast system information to the mobile stations on the downlink, to give the cell
configuration, and how to access the cell.
The CCCH communicates with mobile stations in the cell before a dedicated signaling channel is established.
Three channels use the CCCH timeslot:
RACH: used on the uplink by the mobile station for initial access to the network.
PCH: used on the downlink for paging messages to the mobile station.
AGCH: used on the downlink to give the mobile station access information before a dedicated channel is
assigned.
The DCCH passes signaling information for a specific mobile station transaction. Two channels use the DCCH
timeslot:
SDCCH: used for signaling and short message information.
CBCH: uses an SDCCH channel for Short Message Service - Cell Broadcasts.
The ACCH passes signaling information for a specific mobile station transaction. An ACCH channel is always
associated with a traffic channel. Two channels use the ACCH timeslot:
FACCH: associated with a traffic channel, and can steal slots out of 24 or 26 slots which are normally
dedicated to the traffic channel for signaling purposes as well as the SACCH slot.
SACCH: associated with a traffic channel, which uses one out of 26 slots for signaling purposes.

Radio Signaling Link (RSL):
RSL transports all the radio signaling to/from the BSC (SDCCH, SACCH, etc.). It relies on the LAPD protocol.
One RSL channel is needed for each radio carrier of the BTS and it can use one or four nibbles according to the
RSL/OML multiplexing scheme.
O&M Link (OML):
It is used for file transfer (BTS SW and PM files), alarm reporting and O&M commands (automatically sent by the BSC
or upon operator request). It relies on the LAPD protocol.
One OML channel is required for each BTS and it can use one or four nibbles according to the RSL/OML multiplexing
scheme.
The OML channel is always mapped on the Primary Abis link.
Traffic Channel (TCH) - (basic timeslots):
It transports the user data.
It uses one nibble.
Eight TCHs are reserved for each radio carrier of the BTS (= two Abis timeslots).
Extra Abis Timeslots:
They are used to enhance the GPRS throughput of the BTS (EGPRS).
The TCH channels cannot accommodate any GPRS user traffic above 16 kbps (above CS2). Extra nibbles will increase
the TCH capacity.
One GPRS radio timeslot may require up to 5 Abis nibbles (MCS9), the basic TCH nibble and four extra nibbles.
GPRS Channel (GCH):
GCH transports GPRS user traffic and GPRS dedicated signaling.
It is located among the TCHs and/or Extra Abis Timeslots.
A group of GCHs is dynamically aggregated into an M-EGCH that transports all the GPRS traffic of a radio carrier.

Radio Signaling Link (RSL):
RSL transports all the radio signaling to/from the BSC (SDCCH, SACCH, etc.). It relies on the LAPD protocol.
One RSL channel is needed for each radio carrier of the BTS and it can use one or four nibbles according to the
RSL/OML multiplexing scheme.
O&M Link (OML):
It is used for file transfer (BTS SW and PM files), alarm reporting and O&M commands (automatically sent by the BSC
or upon operator request). It relies on the LAPD protocol.
One OML channel is required for each BTS and it can use one or four nibbles according to the RSL/OML multiplexing
scheme.
The OML channel is always mapped on the Primary Abis link.
Traffic Channel (TCH) - (basic timeslots):
It transports the user data.
It uses one nibble.
Eight TCHs are reserved for each radio carrier of the BTS (= two Abis timeslots).
Extra Abis Timeslots:
They are used to enhance the GPRS throughput of the BTS (EGPRS).
The TCH channels cannot accommodate any GPRS user traffic above 16 kbps (above CS2). Extra nibbles will increase
the TCH capacity.
One GPRS radio timeslot may require up to 5 Abis nibbles (MCS9), the basic TCH nibble and four extra nibbles.
GPRS Channel (GCH):
GCH transports GPRS user traffic and GPRS dedicated signaling.
It is located among the TCHs and/or Extra Abis Timeslots.
A group of GCHs is dynamically aggregated into an M-EGCH that transports all the GPRS traffic of a radio carrier.

The A-Flex feature allows a BSC to connect to more than one MSC.
The AUPoIP feature is available if the BSS is connected to a NGN (MSC-Server and MGW) core network. Going
from legacy TDM to IP networks and implementing the NGN concept means that both User and Control planes
are managed separately through IP.

On the Ater/Ater Mux CS, we have the following channels:
SS7: telecom signaling channel of 64 kbps between the BSC and the MSC.
O&M (ML-PPP): Operation and Maintenace signaling channel of 64 kbps between the BSC and the OMC-R.
TCH: traffic channel of 16 kbps (1 per TS on the Ater, 4 per TS on the Ater Mux).
QMUX: supervision of the TC by the TSC function of the BSC (first nibble on TS 14 of the first two Atermux
of each cluster).
On the Ater/Ater Mux PS, we have the following channels:

GSL: signaling channel of 64 kbps between the BSC and the MFS.
GCH: traffic channel of 16 kbps (1 per TS on the Ater, 4 per TS on the Ater Mux).

With the introduction of GBoIP, the telecom traffic, towards/from the SGSN, goes through the router from/in the
MFS.
The Gb Flex feature allows a BSS (the MFS) to be connected to more than one SGSN.

To ensure that the BSS functions correctly, O&M actions are implemented at all levels within the BSS. The O&M
functions in the BSS are grouped into three categories:
Configuration Management
Fault Management
Performance Management

The Local Maintenance Terminals (LMTs) are used when performing maintenance tasks at:
the BSC (BSC Terminal)
the BTS (BTS NEM)
the Transcoder (TC NEM).
The LMTs are connected directly to the equipment. The operations available at the LMTs act only on the local
hardware, not on the logical resources.
The IMT performs maintenance tasks at the MFS, using a Mozilla browser.
The IMT software can be accessed from either the IMT or the OMC-R.

Configuration Management allows the operator to:
Configure the BSS/MFS hardware and software when it is first installed.
Change the network by adding, deleting, or moving network entities.
Upgrade to new hardware or software.
Change equipment and telecom parameters to improve system performance.
Fault Management is made:
By the BTS to monitor the condition of the hardware modules it manages and report any change in status
to the BSC.
By the BSC to supervise its own hardware modules and report changes in status to the OMC-R.
By the BSC and Transcoder together, to provide a set of transmission O&M functions to ensure a high level
of fault tolerance and reliability. The functions also provide efficient use of the terrestrial links between the
equipment of the BSS.
By the MFS to supervise its own hardware modules and report changes in status to the OMC-R.
Performance Management is made by the BSC and the MFS to:
Collect raw measurement data from network elements.
Transfer the raw measurement data to the OMC-R, where the results are processed and displayed.

Auto-detection of BTS HW:
The BTS capabilities to poll its HW configuration are used. The plug-in of new boards can be detected by
the BTS.
The BTS informs the BSC on the new HW components.
The BSC synchronizes its database and the OMC-R.
There is an autonomous resource allocation by the BSC. The BSC automatically performs:
Calculation of TRE / TCU mapping.
Calculation of Abis TS allocation for OML, TRE and RSL based on Abis free mapping allocation rules.
Programming of transmission boards by the BSC and the BTS.
The operator just needs to configure the radio parameters.
The module is operational.

NPO allows the operator to monitor the Quality Of Service of his network in a centralized way. NPO integrates all
data and services dealing with the management of the Quality of Service in one application:
A data warehouse containing all data sources (counters, indicators, parameters, topology, alarms, etc.)
collected from the different OMC managing the network.
Consolidations processes manipulating the data warehouse content: consolidation per hour, day, week and
month but also per topology level.
An analysis desktop composed of a graphical user interface that allows browsing and benefiting from the
optimization data of the data warehouse. It allows creating and displaying reports.
External interfaces allowing an external system to extract QoS information from NPO.

Document History
Edition Date Author Remarks
01 YYYY-MM-DD Last name, first name First edition

# GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
2G second Generation Gi GGSN-PDN interface
Gn intra-BSS interface
A GPRS General Packet Radio Service
A BSC-MSC interface Gr HLR-SGSN interface
Abis BTS-MSC interface GSL GPRS Signaling Link
AGCH Access Grant CHannel GSM Global System for Mobile communications
AIFL Alarms in Force List (2G)
AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate GSS GPRS Subsystem
AMR-WB Adaptive Multi-Rate - Wideband
AN Antenna Network H
ARFCN Absolute Radio Frequency Channel HDLC High-level Data Link Control
Number HLR Home Location Register
ATCA Advanced Telecom Computing HO Handover
Architecture HR Half-Rate
Ater telecom interface between the BSS and HW Hardware
the MSC
Atermux Ater Interface sub-Multiplexed I
AuC Authentication Center IMT Installation and Maintenance Terminal
IP Internet Protocol
B IPMI Intelligent Platform Management
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel Interface
BSC Base Station Controller
BSCGP BSC GPRS Protocol L
BSS Base Station Subsystem LCS Location Services
BSSAP BSS Application Part LIU Line Interface Unit
BSSGP BSS GPRS Protocol LMT Local Maintenance Terminal
BTS Base Transceiver Station
M
C MBI indoor cabinet with 3 subracks for GSM
CBCH Cell Broadcast CHannel plus 2 subracks for UMTS
CCP Call Control Processing MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
CS Coding Scheme MBO outdoor cabinet for the Multi-Standard
Base Station
D MCS Modulation Coding Scheme
DCH Dedicated transport Channel MFS Multi-BSS Fast packet Server
DCS Digital Cellular System ML-PPP Multi-Link PPP
DLS Data Load Segment MS Mobile Station
DTM Dual Transfer Mode MSC Mobile services Switching Center
DTX Discontinuous Transmission MX Multistandard controller platform
E N
E1 European standard for Pulse Code NE1oE n E1 over Ethernet
Modulation interface at 2.048 Mbit/s NEM Network Element Manager
EDA Extended Dynamic Allocation NMC Network Management Center
EGPRS Enhanced General Packet Radio Service NPO Network Performance Optimizer
E-GSM Enhanced GSM NS Network Interface
EIR Equipment Identity Register NSS Network Subsystem
EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference
O
F O&M Operation & Maintenance
FACH Forward Access Channel OMC Operation and Maintenance Center
FCCH Frequency Correction CHannel OMCP O&M Control Processing
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access OMC-R OMC-Radio
OML Operation and Maintenance Link
G
Gb BSS-SGSN interface

P
PAD Packet Assembly/Disassembly
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PCU Packet Control Unit (GPRS)
PDCH Packet Data Channel
PDN Packet Data Network
PEM Power Entry Module
P-GSM Primary GSM
PLMN Public Land Mobile network
PS Packet Switching
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
R
RACH Random Access CHannel
RF Radio Frequency
RSL Radio Signaling Link
RTM rear Transmission Module
S
SACCH Slow Associated Control CHannel
SCH SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
SDCCH Standalone Dedicated Control CHannel
ShMC Shelf Manager Controller
SMLC Serving Mobile Location Center
SS7 Signaling System No.7
SSW Subrack Switch
STM-1 Synchronous Transport Module
SUMA Station Unit Module A for GSM
SUMX 2G Station Unit Module Type X (controller
for GSM part)
T
TC Transcoder
TCH Transport Channel
TCIL TransCoder internal Link
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TFO Tandem Free Operation
TRE Transceiver Equipment
TRX Transmitter Receiver Module
TX Div Transmit Diversity
U
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication
System (3G)
V
VAMOS Voice services over Adaptive Multi-rate
channels on One Slot

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1. BSS B12 GERAN Solution Description

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Upon completion of this course, you should be able to:

Describe the Base Station Subsystem

Your feedback is appreciated!

Please include the following training reference in your email:

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Edition Date Author Remarks

01 YYYY-MM-DD Last name, first name First edition

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1 Base Station Subsystem introduction 7

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6.4 The A interface 92

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The BSS is supervised by the OMC-R.

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To handle (E)GPRS data traffic, the NSS also includes:

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Other interfaces in this diagram:

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Call set up processes include:

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NOTE 1: If Abis/Ater flexibility option is activated, the maximum number is 252.

(*) - 4500 Erl with A(Sig)oTDM

(**) - 4500 Erl with A(Sig)oTDM

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Data service functions

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There are also:

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The Packet Control Unit (PCU) functions comprise:

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