Kandice Howland

ENG 487
Dr. Fantuzzi
September 27, 2016

Passage: Lightship by Brian Floca (142 words)

Here is a ship that holds her place. She has a captain and a crew:
helmsman, oiler, engineer, deckhand, fireman, radioman, mess man, cook,
and cat. She does not sail from port to port. She does not carry passengers
or mail packages. She holds to one sure spot on the ship as other ships sail
by. She waits.

Her crew lives in small spaces. Always there is the salt smell of the sea
And the rocking of the waves. Always they hear the creaking of the ship
and the slow slap, slap, slap of water on the hull.

Down below the deck, deep inside the ship, there is the smell of fuel and
machinery. There are motors, engines, generators. The oiler and the
engineer keep them clean and running. They keep the whole ship powered.

Above the deck there is a horn.

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 Grapheme-Phoneme Chart for Project #1
Consonants
Symbol Examples (Basic spelling) Alternate Spellings
p place, port, packages, keep, captain, (crippled)
passengers, deep, powered
b by, below, above, (boat) (bubbles)
t that, not, two, water, captain, port, (tracked)
waits, generators
d and, does, down, deck, deckhand, powered, (paddle)
deep, inside
k captain, deckhand, carry, creaking,
cook, keep
crew, cook, cat, rocking, clean (sick)
g (flag, tugged, begin, gauge) (ghost)
m messman, smell, motors, from, mail, (comb)
machinery
n captain, not, passengers, inside, (knots)
engines, horn, and, engineer, on,
down, machinery, clean, running
ng // rocking, creaking, running, (berthing)
f fireman, from, for, of, fuel (laugh, phoneme)
v waves, above, (hover) of
s sea, holds, sail, sports, waits, small, spaces, place, passengers
packages, lives, spaces, salt, smell,
slow, slap, inside
z has, does, waves, ones, spots, lives,
(hazard)
always, is, (music)
h here, holds, her, has, hear, hull, whole
helmsman, deckhand, horn
sh // ship, she machinery
zh // (pleasure)
w waves, always, water, powered, ones
(bulwark)
y (gangway, lanyard) (uniform, music)
l place, sail, salt, slap, clean, oiler, smell
mail, slow
r crew, from, rocking, radioman, port, carry
for, hear, running
ch /t/ (chief) (watch)
j /d/ (adjunct) engineer, generators, engines, (bilge)
th/ / bath (thanked)
th // bathe that, the, there
Vowels

Symbol Examples (basic spelling) Alternate Spellings

Short vowels

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i /I/ bit is, ship, lives, in, inside, engines packages
e // bet helmsman, engineer, deckhand, (said)
smell, deck, engines, generators,
them
a // bat that, has, captain, and, cat, (laugh)
passengers, packages, slap
ah // father, hot not, spots, on, rocking wash, watch, small, water
u // but running helmsman, from, machinery
about, sofa a, captain, does, of, the, above from, ones
// book cook hull, fuel
aw // dawn, long always, salt, (hawse) small
Long vowels
a_e /ey/ cane place, spaces, waves radioman, sail, mail, waits, they,
(gauge)
ee /iy/ beet engineer, deep, keep here, she, carry, sea, hear,
creaking, machinery, running, duty
i_e /ay/ bite inside by
o_e /ow/ cone (hone) whole holds, slow, below, motors, (crow,
oak)
/u/ boot (poopdeck) to, crew, two, fuel, (music, shrouds)
oy /y/ boy (coy, toy, soy) oiler
ow /aw/ gown down, powered (bow, tower) (bough)
r-colored vowels
ar far are (cargo)
r // fur her fireman, motor, generators
er fair oiler (tiller, berthing) carry, there, (turret)
ir fear hear, clean engineer
or for port, or, for, horn (quarterdeck)
ur poor (floor, door) (core)

Spelling Patterns/Generalizations:
Vowel Consonant E: when a vowel comes in the middle of a word, followed by a consonant, and then the letter
e.
examples: here, are, place

Floss: Words that end in the consonants f, l, s, or z, where the consonant follows a short vowel sound, the
consonant must be doubled
examples: small, tiller, passengers

Double Vowels: words that have double vowels in the middle or end of the word must begin with (or be
proceeded by) a consonant letter
examples: cook, engineer, keep, (moo)

Ck combination: The ck combination is used at the end of a one-syllable word after a short vowel sound.
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 examples: deck

C sounds like S when: The letter c represents /s/ before the letters e, i or y; otherwise it represents /c/.
examples: place, space sounds like s because c is followed by e; captain sounds like c because it is not
followed by e, i, or y.

Each syllable must have a written vowel.

examples: of, her, always

G may soften to /j/ only when followed by E, I, or Y.

Otherwise, G says /g/
examples: gauge, engineer

When a one-syllable word ends in a single vowel Y, it says //.

examples: by, (fly)

Two Is cannot be next to one another in English words.

examples: inside, (pinning)

Al- is a prefix written with one L when preceding another syllable.

examples: always

TCH is used only after a single vowel which does not say its name.
examples: watch

Silent E makes TH says its voiced sound /TH/ because of the E.

examples: the, (bathe, lathe)