ae [SL Score | [HL Score Practice Exam: Paper 1 Topic 6: Kinetics 24 39 SL 1. Which statements describe the action of a catalyst? 1. Itdoes not alter the AH for a reaction. Il. It increases the Z, for the reaction. IIL, _Italters the mechanism (pathway) of a reaction. A. [and IL only C. Mand If only Crus Mi only D. I, Wand II 2. Consider the reaction between gaseous iodine and gaseous hydrogen. L(g) + Hoe) S* 2HI(g) AH =-9 13 Why do some collisions between iodine and hydrogen not result in the formation of the product? @ ‘The I; and Hy molecules do not have sufficient energy. B. The system is in equilibrium. C. The temperature of the system is too high. D. The activation energy for this reaction is very low. 3. Curve X on the graph below shows the volume of oxygen formed during the catalytic decomposition ofa 1.0 mol dm solution of hydrogen peroxide. 2H;02(aq) > O2(g) + 2H;0(0) Volume Y of oxygen = formed Time Which change would produce the curve ¥? A. Adding water C. Using a different catalyst Adding some 0.1 mol dm hydrogen peroxide solution D. Lowering the temperature4. At25 °C, 200 em? of 1.0 mol dm” nitric acid is added to 5.0 g of magnesium powder. If the experiment is repeated using the same mass of magnesium powder, which conditions will result in the same initial reaction rate? Volume of INO; /em® | Concentration of ‘Temperature °C HNO; / mol dm? A. 200 20 5 B 200 10 30 c. 100 20 25 © 100 To 5 5. Sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid react according to the equation below. ‘NazCOs(s) + 2HCIaq) + CO,(g) + 2NaCi(aq) + HOC) Which conditions will produce the fastest initial rate with 2.0 g of powdered sodium carbonate? ‘A. 100 cm? of 1.0 mol dm hydrochloric acid at 323 K B. 50cm? of 2.0 mol dm-* hydrochloric acid at 323 K C. 100.cm? of 1.0 mol dm™ hydrochloric acid at 348 K (9) 50 cm’ of 2.0 mol dm™ hydrochloric acid at 348 K 6 Under which conditions will the reaction between 1.0 g calcium carbonate and excess hydrochloric acid be the fastest? Assume that all reactions are carried out at the same temperature. ‘A. One large piece of calcium carbonate and 2 mol dm’® hydrochloric acid B. One large piece of calcium carbonate and 1 mol dm hydrochloric acid © Powdered caleium carbonate and 2 mol dm” hydrochloric acid D. Powdered calcium carbonate and 1 mol dm hydrochloric acid 7. Powdered manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2(s), increases the rate of the decomposition reaction of hydrogen per- oxide, H0x(aq). Which statements about MnO> are correct? 1. The rate is independent of the particle size of MnO>, Il, MnO) provides an alternative reaction pathway for the decomposition with a lower activation energy, IIL, All the MnO, is present after the decomposition ofthe hydrogen peroxide is complete. A. Land Ionly © Mand Ill only B. Land ll only D. 1 fand 1‘The Haber process uses an iron catalyst to convert hydrogen gas, H,(g), and nitrogen gas, Np(e), to ammonia gas, NH3(g). 3H,(g) + Nx(g) S* 2NH3@) Which statements are correct for this equilibrium system? L ‘The iron catalyst increases the rates of the forward and reverse reactions equally. I. ‘The iron catalyst does not affect the value of the equilibrium constant, Ke. IIL. The iron catalyst increases the yield of ammonia gas, NH,(g). Oo Tand Il only B. and III only c. Mand Il only D. 1, Mand I 9. Which unit could be used for the rate of a chemical reaction? A. mol B.— moldm> © mol dm 10. Which of the followii ig can inerease the rate of a chemical reaction? 1. Increasing the temperature Il, Adding a catalyst III, Increasing the concentration of reactants Land I only Land 111 only Mand 111 only A B. c Q 1, Wand Il11, Apiece of zinc was added to aqueous nitric acid and the volume of hydrogen gas produced was measured every minute, The results are plotted on the graph below. 45 40 Volume of H, / em’ 10 5 20 25 Time / min Which graph would you expect ifthe same mass of powdered zinc was added to concentration? ic acid with the same 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 Volume of H, / em? 1012, Which changes increase the rate of the reaction below? CyHio(@) + Ch(e) > CyHoCl() + HCK(g) 1. Increase of pressure IL, Increase of temperature II Removal of HCK(g) ® Tand Il only B. Land Il only C. Mand Ifonly D. 1, Mand 13. Which quantities in the enthalpy level diagram are altered by the use of a catalyst? Time Land Il only Land IIT only C. Mand Ittonly D. 1, Mandir 14, The formation of nitric acid, HNO3(aq), from nitrogen dioxide, NO,(g), is exothermic and is a reversible re- action, 4NOx(g) + Or(g) + 2H0() S 4HNOs(aq) What is the effect of a catalyst on this reaction? A. It increases the yield of nitric acid. B. It increases the rate of the forward reaction only, c. It increases the equilibrium constant. ® Ithas no effect on the equilibrium posit ion.15. 16. 17. A, B. © 1 TT MI D. ‘What is the best definition of rate of reaction? A. The time it takes to use up all the reactants B. The rate at which all the reactants are used up C. The time it takes for one of the reactants to be used up Which factors can affect reaction rate? 1. The state of the reactants IL. The frequency of the collisions between particles IIL The average kinetic energy of the particles A. Land I only B. Land Ill only C. Mand Ifonly © 1, Mand 11 Equal masses of powdered calcium carbonate were added to separate solutions of hydrochloric acid. The cal- cium carbonate was in excess. The volume of carbon dioxide produced was measured at regular intervals. Which curves best represent the evolution of carbon dioxide against time for the acid solutions shown in the table below. Volume of CO,(g) / cm’ Time /s 25 cm? of 2 mol dm HCI | 50 em} of 1 mol dm HC! | 25 em? of | mol dm? HCI T 1 Vv T Vv MIT IT T TH18. What is the function of iron in the Haber process? A. Itshifts the position of equilibrium towards the products. B. It decreases the rate of the reaction. Oo It provides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy. D. _ Itreduces the enthalpy change of the reaction, 19, Hydrochloric acid is reacted with large pieces of calcium carbonate, the reaction is then repeated using cal- cium carbonate powder. How does this change affect the activation energy and the collision frequency? ‘Activation energy Collision frequency A increases increases stays constant increases ic increases stays constant D. stays constant stays constant 20. Which statement is true about using sulfuric acid as a catalyst in the following reaction? (CHs-CO-CH3(aq) + In(aq) > CH3-CO-CHy-I(aq) + HI(aq) |. The catalyst increases the rate of reaction. IL. The catalyst lowers the activation energy for the reaction. Ill, The catalyst has been consumed at the end of the chemical reaction, O Land Il only C.— Hand Ill only B. Land III only D. [Mand Itt 21, Excess magnesium, was added to a beaker of aqueous hydrochloric acid. A graph of the mass of the beaker and contents was plotted against time (line 1). What change in the experiment could gi A. The same mass of magnesium in smaller pieces C. A lower temperature {@) tre same volume ofa more concentrated hydrochloric cid_D.A more accurate instrument to measure timeHL 1. Bromine and nitrogen(II) oxide react according to the following equation. Bro{g) + 2NO(e) —+ 2NOBr(e) Which rate equation is consistent with the experimental data? [Br2] / mol dm> [NO] / mol dm Rate / mol dm s™ 0.10 0.10 1.0 x 10% 0:20 0.10 4,0 «10% 020 0.40 4.0% 10% A. rate=A{Br] [NO] B. rate = k{Br)] [NOP © rate = {Bra}? D. rate = AINO?? Which step is the rate-determining step of a reaction?” ‘A. The step with the lowest activation energy B. The final step ©) ‘The step with the highest activation energy D. The first step 3. The rate information below was obtained for the following reaction at a constant temperature. 2NO2(g) + Fa(g) + 2NO>F(g) [NO,] / mol dm> {F2] /mol dm> 2.0 «10° 1.0* 107 4.0105 1.0 «107 4.0107 2.0 x 107 ‘What are the orders of the reaction with respect to NO and F;? ‘A. NOzis first order and F2 is second order B_ Oz is second order and F, is first order © NO} is first order and F3 is first order D. _NOzis second order and F is second order4. 5 6. Consider the following reaction. 2NO(g) + 2Hy(g) > No(g) + 2H;0(8) ‘A proposed reaction mechanism is: NO(g) + NO(g) SN20,(2) N203(g) + Ha(e) — N20(e) + H,0(8) N,0(g) + Ha(e) + Na(@) + H20(@) ‘What is the rate expression? @ rate = K{Ha] [NOP B. rate = K[N202] [Ho] C. rate = {NO}? [Hp D. rate = k[NOF [N202}? [Hh] fast slow fast ‘Which experimental procedure could be used to determine the rate of reaction for the reaction between a so- lution of cobalt chloride, CoClx(aq), and concentrated hydrochloric acid, HCK(aq)? Co(H,0)_"(aq) + 4CI-(aq) S CoCl,? (aq) + 6H,O(1) ‘A. Measure the change in pH in a given time B. Measure the change in mass in a given time Measure the change in volume of the solution in a given time Use a colorimeter to measure the change in colour in a given time The following data were obtained for the reaction between gases A and B. ‘Experiment | Initial [A]/moldm™ | Initial [B]/moldm~ | Initial rate/ mol dm” min 1 1.0 10> 1.0x 10% 2.0 x 107 2 2.0 «10° 1.010% 2.0 10% 3 2.0 10% 2.0107 4.010% Which relationship represents the rate expression for the reaction? AL rate= KB}? B. rate=k(AP rate = KA] @® rate = K{B]Sodium thiosulfate solution, Naz8;03(aq), and hydrochloric acid, HCI(aq), react spontaneously to produce solid sulfur, S(s), according to the equation below. 8,03" (aq) + 2H"(aq) + S(s) + $O2(aq) + #200) ‘A student experimentally determined the rate expression to be: Which graph is consistent with this information? Rae Rate mol dx? s+ A [S,0,*(aq)] / mol da {S,0,*(aq)] / mol dx” Consider the following reaction. NOB) + CO(e) + NO(e) + CO4(2) rate = K{S,03" (aq)]” mol dar” s* {aq)] / mol dm Rate mol dav’ s* {5,0,"¢aq)] / mol dow? At P< 227 °C the rate expression is rate = K{NO3]”. Which of the following mechanisms is consistent with this rate expression? A © NO, + NOz = N20, NO, +2CO + 2NO +2CO; NO; + CO NO+CO; NO; > NO+O CO+0— CO; NO; +NO;—+ NO; +NO NO} +CO—+ NO; + CO; fast ‘slow slow slow fast slow fast 1010. . 2. Consider the following reaction. 2P+Q—R+S This reaction occurs according to the following mechanism, P+Q>X slow P+X+R+S fast ‘What is the rate expression? AL rate=K(P] © rate = A(PHQ) B. rate=A(PJ[X] D. —rate=(PP[Q) ‘What happens when the temperature of a reaction increases? ‘A. The activation energy increases. C. The enthalpy change increases, © ‘The rate constant increases. D. The order of the reaction increases. This question refers to the following reaction. X_+2¥ + 2XY ‘The reaction occurs in a series of steps. Xp 2X slow X+Y>XY fast ‘What is the rate-determining step for this reaction mechanism? A. X:+2¥—2XxY © Xp 2X B. X,+Y>XY+Xx D. X+Y—XY This question refers to the following reaction, Xp+2Y + 2X¥ ‘The reaction occurs in a series of steps. Xp. 2X slow X+Y>XY fast ‘What is the rate expression for this reaction? A. rate = [XY] “@ rate = k{X] B.rate=&EXa)(¥P D. —rate=#{2X] 113. Consider the following reaction. SBr (aq) + BrOs (aq) + 6H"(aq) — 3Brx(aq) + 3H,0(1) The rate expression for the reaction is found to be: rate = [Br] [BrO; ][H*? Which statement is correct? A. The overall order is 12. Doubling the concentration of all of the reactants at the same time would increase the rate of the reac- tion by a factor of 16. C. The units of the rate constant, k, are mol dm™ § D. —Achange in concentration of Br” or BrOx” does not affect the rate of the reaction. 14, The rate expression for a reaction is: rate =k [X][Y] Which statement is correct? ‘A. Asthe temperature increases the rate constant decreases. B. The rate constant increases with increased temperature but eventually reaches a constant value. © {As the temperature inereases the rate constant increases D. The rate constant is not affected by a change in temperature. 15. Consider the following reaction mechanism. Step 1 1,0) +P + 1,0 +10" slow Step 2 H;0)+10° + H;0+0,+1 fast Which statement correctly identifies the rate-determining step and the explanation? Step 2 because it is the faster step A Step | because it is the slower step c D. Step | because it is the first step Step 2 because it is the last step 1216, 17. 18. P| Q A | ot J] oot Bla |e Oo B B. first second ©O second first ‘Two species, P and Q, react together according to the following equation P+Q>R The accepted mechanism for this reaction is P+PR+P slow What is the order with respect to P and Q? ‘The activation energy of a reaction may be determined by studying the effect of a particular variable on the reaction rate, Which variable must be changed? A pH B. Concentration C. Surface area ‘Temperature ‘What is the order of reaction with respect to NOx(2) and F,(g) given the following rate data at a certain tem- perature? [NO,(g)] /mol dm? | [F2(g)]/mol dm? | Rate / mol dm™ min ol 02 Ol 02 02 04 1 04 02 Order with respect to NO2(g) | _ Order with respect to Fx(g) A first first D. second second 13