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Solid waste is a collective term used to distinguish non-biodegradable materials and discards that come
from sources like:
Households
Businesses and Commercial establishments
Manufacturers or Industrial sites
Biomedical sources like hospital and clinics.
They are the trash collected by the municipal waste management units for segregation according to the process
of disposal.
Solid wastes are generally composed of nonbiodegradable and non-compostable biodegradable materials. The
latter refer to solid wastes whose biodeterioration is not complete; in the sense that the enzymes of microbial
communities that feed on its residues cannot cause its disappearance or conversion into another compound.
Parts of liquid waste materials are also considered as solid wastes, where the dredging of liquid wastes will
leave solid sedimentation, to which proper waste management techniques should also be applied.
In Simple Words - Solid wastes are any discarded or abandoned materials. Solid wastes can be
solid, liquid, semi-solid or containerized gaseous material.
Ecosystem and food chain is upset ,Caused by water pollution ,Mercury accumulates in the tissues of
animals up the food chain until it reaches toxic levels in large fish such as tuna and swordfish Roots of
vegetation is poisoned and plants are killed by methane production
2. The sewage of cities is often drained into the rivers, which is dangerous to
flora, fauna and human life.
3. Due to heavy accumulation of wastes into the canals, lakes and rivers, oxygen
concentration is reduced considerably thus affecting the life of fishes and other
aquatic populations. In extreme deficiency of oxygen most of the fishes die.
5. Some pollutants for example heavy metals, cyanides and several other
organic and inorganic compounds are harmful to aquatic organisms. Many of
them especially non-biodegradable ones accumulate in the body of organisms
and cause long-term effects.
7. The DDT and other pesticides present in very low concentrations in water
may accumulate to higher concentration within algae, insects and fishes. The
birds or people that feed on these fishes are then exposed to very high levels of
hazardous substances. In birds, these substances can affect the egg production
and bone formation.
Current technology
Solid Waste Management - Overview of Singapore's Waste Management System, Supply chain
for effective Waste Management, Challenges & issues in India, Waste Collection, transfer and
transport, Waste Minimisation & (3Rs) reduce, recycling & reuse, Waste-to-Energy
(Incineration), Waste Disposal (various options) and Project Delivery options.
Filtration
Colloidal suspensions of fine solids may be removed by filtration through fine physical barriers
distinguished from coarser screens or sieves by the ability to remove particles smaller than the
openings through which the water passes.
Sedimentation