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Prepared by:
Section 1101
Chawisa Lo 5861021
Present:
Conceptional Physics
Introduction 1
Objective 1
Material 2
Procedure 6
Data 7
Analysis of Data 7
Conclusion 9
Recommendation 10
Reference 11
Introduction
Paper circuit is an interesting experiment due to the materials that
alligator clip and light bulb. This experiment aims to test that graphite
This charge is often carried by moving electrons in the wire. The unit of
carriers, usually electrons, move easily from atom to atom with the
application of voltage.
are free to move through the solid. Graphite has several advantages
over the other materials for example it is the only material in which
Objective
Find the best density of pencil that produces the brightest light.
1
Material
1. Staedtler pencils (EE 5B B 2H 7H)
2. A4 Papers
3. Battery 9V (5)
4. Alligator clips
5. Light bulbs
2
Discussion Of Physics Concepts
Electricity
An electric circuit is formed when there are paths for free
circuit to another.
in a circuit.
Current I Ampere A
Voltage E or V Volt V
Resistance R Ohm
3
To measure each of these quantity, understanding the relationship
Ohm and published in his 1827 paper. His principal discovery is that
V = IR
not anchored to the nuclei but are free to wander. Most metals are
Insulators are material in which electron are tightly bound to its nuclei
and are not free to wander among atoms in material. For example,
rubber.
4
Graphite
Graphite is a crystalline form of carbon, a metal alloy. It has a
layered molecular structure and there are very weak bonds between the
layers, giving graphite its slippery texture. Graphite has a very low
graphite, granulated, coarse, grease, and every other form that aects
the resistivity.
free to move through the solid. These electrons are free to move
5
Procedure
1. Prepare materials: Staedtler pencils (EE, 5B, B, 2H, 7H), 5 A4 papers,
a battery 9V (5), alligator clips, a LED bulbs
4. Connect the negative charge end to the shorter leg of the LED bulb
5. Put the other end of the LED bulb
6
Data
7H Wasn t o 9V
2H Dimmest 9V
B 2nd Brightest 9V
5B Brightest 9V
EE 3rd Brightest 9V
Analysis of Data
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1. EE
2. 5B
3. B
4. 2H
8
5. 7H
Conclusion
Our goal is to nd the best type of pencil that produces the
5B. The second and third are B and EE respectively. Also, the dimmest
the light was not turn on. It is surprising that EE, which has a high
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Recommendation
From our experiment, we used only one battery for all trials, so it
means that the volts of battery were not going to be the same. Thus, we
should change the battery every time for each trial, so that the voltage
during the experiment, the LED bulb wire was touched by an alligator
clip making the LED bulb burned out, so we needed to get a new one
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Reference
BBC. (2017, April). Graphite and fullerenes - Higher tier. Retrieved from
BBC: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/
add_aqa/bonding/structure_propertiesrev8.shtml
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/conins.html
Hypertextbook: http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2004/
AfricaBelgrave.shtml
http://www.edm.mersen.com/graphite-advantages/
whatis.techtarget.com/denition/conductor
whatis.techtarget.com/denition/resistance
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circuits/Lesson-3/Ohm-s-
Law
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