Juan For All, All For Juan: Benchmarking University-Community Development

Standards Of UST Simbahayan

A Research Proposal

Submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Letters

University of Santo Tomas

Espana, Manila

As partial requirement for the

Thesis

Cimatu, Jyrus B.

Honrales, Kimberly Ann I.

December 2015
 Table of Contents

Chapter 1: The Problem and its Background 4

Introduction 4
Objectives of the Study 7
Theoretical Framework 8
Conceptual Framework 13
Statement of the Problem 14
Hypothesis 14
Significance of the Study16
Scope and Limitation 17
Definition of terms18
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature 20
Review of Related Literature 20
Corporate Social Responsibility: Practices 20

Corporate Social Responsibility: Purpose 23

Corporate Social Responsibility: Global Patterns 26

Corporate Social Responsibility: National Patterns27

CSR and the University-Community Relationship: The Case of UST 30

Key Program Strategies 32

Chapter 3: Research Methods 34

Research Design 34

Sample Size and Sampling Design 35

Data Collection Instrument 36

Data Gathering Procedure 36

Data Analysis 38

Appendices 39

References 39

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 Appendix I: UST Simbahayan History, Mission and Vision 43
Curriculum Vitae 45

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 CHAPTER I

The Problem and its Background

1.1 Introduction

The most powerful force ever known on this planet is human cooperation - a force

for construction and destruction. Jonathan Haidt

As the 21st century ushers in the age of information and technology, it rapidly

continues to flatten the world; collaboration and cooperation is imminent and

essential to the survival of communities and institution. (Friedman, 2005) Most of

these institutions are business companies and corporations. The concept of

Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR was born as a means for companies,

corporations, or institutions to give back to the society for the adverse effects they

have done while operating on environment and society regardless of territory or

state. The term goes beyond the rules and regulations imposed by a country

(Investopedia, 2007). Contrary to the nature of companies in general, which is profit

generation, CSR is geared on making positive social and environmental changes.

As a concept, corporate social responsibility has many different perspectives

and philosophies and thus reflect the ethos on how one company deals with its

program, whether the program be philanthropic or still engaged in maximizing profits

since Corporate Social Responsibility is deemed non-taxable by states all around

the globe to encourage private and public partnerships to foster the welfare of the

society. All of these different philosophies and perspective dates back to the

conception of the idea itself which began in the 1990s according to (Visser, 2010).

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 As the age of capitalism ballooned in the 1900s, wherein the main philosophy

then was the bigger the capital, the better, entrepreneurs and businessmen

especially in the United States of America slowly began to realize the adverse

effects of exploiting and abusing the resources they have within their power which

ranges from the earths natural resources to the people themselves. As such, they

began to innovate ideas and eventually champion them to the various commercial

circles to do the same to alleviate the ailing problem of capital which continuously

exploits the resources of the planet and society which thus brings about serious

repercussions in the environment such as global warming which is contributed

mostly by oil and energy conglomerates and manufacturing companies mostly

situated in the United States of America, Japan, and China.

The new idea swiftly gained the support of the state and society since it

encouraged the entrepreneurs to be compassionate about the environment and

society as the previous mindset of the people towards these commercial institutes

are mainly negative since it has no regard for the welfare of the people and only

thought of manpower as a tool instead of an investment. Corporate social

responsibility in turn has helped various companies and conglomerates achieve a

better brand representation since it has improved and integrated within the

community by means of donations and community development programs that

easily swooned the employees of the institution and the members of the society.

(Visser, 2010)

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 Over the years, Corporate Social Responsibility served as a bitter pill to

swallow to many companies. It deflated their income without gain, consumed their

time without profit. However, in the recent years, CSR did a 360 degree turn,

companies see that it can be used to their advantage. Sustainability is the key.

Sustainability of their businesses for its future has now been a focal point for

companies to more giving.

The turn of the decade now gives more importance to a more focused

corporate social responsibility since communities are now ever the more empowered

and informed must be developed in order to survive the growing competitiveness of

the globalized world. The University of Santo Tomas already has linkages and

partnerships with various communities and societies across the nation and at the

international level which sustains these impoverished societies, thus fulfilling its

obligation thru evangelization. But in order to sustain its program, it must have a

trade-off from these communities in order to continue and foster the relationship.

Thus, the impending importance of this study.

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1.2 Objective of the Study

General Objective:

To benchmark the impact and effectiveness of University of Santo Tomas

Simbahayan Community Development program on how it impacts the community,

university, and society.

Specific Objective:

To conduct a study on how the program was conceived and why it was born

in the first place.

To investigate the effects of university-community development and how it

flourishes the society as a whole.

To try to reconstruct and form a general idea on how to fix or improve the idea

of community development of the University of Santo Tomas.

1.3 Theoretical Framework

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Background on theories:

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The Firm Theory

Behavior of a firm in pursuit of profit maximization, analyzed in terms of (1)

what are its inputs, (2) what production techniques are employed, (3) what is

the quantity produced, and (4) what prices it charges. The theory suggest that firms

generate goods to a point where marginal cost equals marginal revenue, and

use factors of production to the point where their marginal revenue product is equal

to the costs incurred in employing the factors.

The Triple Bottomline Theory

Economic

values long-term financial solidity over more volatile, short-term profits, no matter

how high. According to the triple-bottom-line model, large corporations have a

responsibility to create business plans allowing stable and prolonged action. That

bias in favor of duration should make companies hesitant about investing in things

like dot-coms. While its true that speculative ventures may lead to windfalls, they

may also lead to collapse. Silicon Valley, California, for example, is full of small,

start-up companies. A few will convert into the next Google, Apple, and Microsoft.

What gets left out, however, of the newspaper reports hailing the accomplishments

of a Steve Jobs or a Bill Gates are all those other people who never made itall

those who invested family savings in a project that ended up bankrupt. Sustainability

as a virtue means valuing business plans that may not lead to quick riches but that

also avoid calamitous losses.

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Social

values balance in peoples lives and the way we live. A world in which a

few Fortune 500 executives are hauling down millions a year, while millions of

people elsewhere in the world are living on pennies a day cant go on forever. As the

imbalances grow, as the rich get richer and the poor get both poorer and more

numerous, the chances that society itself will collapse in anger and revolution

increase. The threat of governmental overthrow from below sounds remotealmost

absurdto Americans who are accustomed to a solid middle class and minimal

resentment of the wealthy. In world history, however, such revolutions are quite

common. That doesnt mean revolution is coming to our times developed nations. It

may indicate, however, that for a business to be stable over the long term,

opportunities and subsequently wealth need to be spread out to cover as many

people as possible.

The fair trade movement fits this ethical imperative to shared opportunity and

wealth. Developed and refined as an idea in Europe in the 1960s, organizations

promoting fair trade ask businessesespecially large producers in the richest

countriesto guarantee that suppliers in impoverished nations receive reasonable

payment for their goods and services even when the raw economic laws of supply

and demand dont require it. An array of ethical arguments may be arranged to

support fair trade, but on the front of sustainability, the lead argument is that peace

and order in the world depend on the worlds resources being divided up in ways

that limit envy, resentment, and anger.

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 Social sustainability doesnt end with dollars; it also requires human respect.

All work, the logic of stability dictates, contains dignity, and no workers deserve to be

treated like machines or as expendable tools on a production line. In todays

capitalism, many seeand the perception is especially strong in Europea world in

which dignity has been stripped away from a large number of trades and

professions. They see minimum wage workers wholl be fired as soon as the next

economic downturn arrives. They see bosses hiring from temporary agencies,

turning them over fast, not even bothering to learn their names. Its certainly possible

that these kinds of attitudes, this contempt visible in so many workplaces where the

McJob reigns, cant continue. Just as people wont stand for pennies in wages while

their bosses get millions, so too they ultimately will refuse to accept being treated as

less dignified than the boss.

Finally, social sustainability requires that corporations as citizens in a specific

community of people maintain a healthy relationship with those people. Fitting this

obligation into the case of W. R. Grace in Woburn, its immediately clear that any

corporation spilling toxins that later appear as birth defects in area children isnt

going to be able to sustain anything with those living nearby. Any hope for

cooperation in the name of mutual benefit will be drowned by justified hatred.

Environmental

begins from the affirmation that natural resourcesespecially the oil fueling our

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engines, the clean air we breathe, and the water we drinkare limited. If those

things deteriorate significantly, our children wont be able to enjoy the same quality

of life most of us experience. Conservation of resources, therefore, becomes

tremendously important, as does the development of new sources of energy that

may substitute those were currently using.

1.4 Conceptual Framework

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1.5 Statement of the Problem

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 In order to discern, deconstruct and reach a possible solution for development or

improvement of University of Santo Tomas Simbahayan community development

program, the researchers seek to find the answers beneath the questions herein

stated:

What are the origins of the different causes that started the UST

Simbahayan project?
What are the prevailing inhibitors that still continue to be significant in the

community development program of the Simbahayan project?

Why are these factors still hard to tackle or resolve?
What are the goals of the community development program and are they

attained efficiently and effectively?

What are the methods approached by the University, community, and

society? What improvements can be made to deepen the penetration of

the university to the communities?

1.6 Hypothesis

The following statements are the null and alternative hypothesis of the thesis

proposal on the Simbahayan community development program of the University of

Santo Tomas :

Ho: The community development program of the University of Santo Tomas is

ineffective and has a low positive impact towards the community and society

because of community barriers, low pool of resources, etc.

H1: The community development program of the University of Santo Tomas is

effective and has a high positive impact towards the community and society because

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of an amalgamation of factors such as strong support system of networks, deep pool

of resources, etc.

Assumptions

The University of Santo Tomas Simbahayan community development

program which seeks to form connections with various communities not only fulfills

the universitys anthem of charity but also contributes significantly to the

development or rehabilitation of the community wherein it enables the people to be

productive and give back to the nation in their own little ways. This kind of

empowerment also benefits the University by forming and fostering relations with the

community that encourages the youth to a holistic, Thomasian education that gives

the people a globally competent skill set for the 21 st century.

1.7 Significance of the Study

Corporate Social Responsibility is inherent in every company or corporation

as mandated by law. Being so, this study aims to maximize gains that the University

of Santo Tomas could benefit from its program Simbahayan and its partners.

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 Partner Communities. This study will prove to be significant and beneficial

to communities that fits to be the beneficiary of USTs Simbahayan community

development program by arming them with the knowledge as to how to foster and

sustain the university-community relationship and how it can be of a mutual benefit

between the two wherein the university develops and utilizes it resources for the

community while the latter exhausts its resources for the flourishing business and

evangelization of the university.

Students. Also, this study will prove to be beneficial to the students since the

learning they have gained from the various civic action programs such as NSTP will

be deepened as to how they will employ sophisticated techniques and ways to be

immersed with the society in order to make it more complex and diversified which is

a stressing need in the globalizing age.

University officials. As this concerns the activity of the University in fulfilling

its mission in the Philippines, this study will drastically affect the influence of the

University in the years to come. The corporate social responsibility of the University

will leave a mark in every community and individual and thus leave a lasting legacy

in the nation which is evident in its 400 years of existence. In order to preserve and

extend its influence effectively, the University must keep diversifying its methods on

how to attract students domestically and internationally so as to be at par with global

standards in terms of sustainability in which community development has a large

role to play.

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 Public and private corporations and organizations. The university is not

alone in its mission to develop the nation but is also arm in arm with various public

and private organizations that seeks the betterment of communities and societies in

the country. Through this study, they will be able to efficiently yet effectively

determine which investments would prove invaluable to them in the long run by

making smart decisions thru standards that are already benchmarked by this

research.

Future researchers. This study hopes to help future researchers who

endeavors to study corporate social responsibility and community development in

the Philippines.

1.8 Scope and Limitation

The researchers would limit the study to the Corporate Social Responsibility

of the University of Santo Tomas, particularly to the UST Simbahayan Community

Development. They will also identify what fuels the UST Simbahayan focusing on

funds as well as manpower. They also aim to identify the problems being faced by

the UST Simbahayan administrators as well as its recipients. Morever, the

researches aims to gauge the effects of the implemented programs of UST

Simbahayan to its recipients, both short-term and long-term, but more so focusing

on the untapped or potential benefits that can be profited by the university. Lastly,

the researchers would propose a business organization structure that would best

suit the university with respect to the benefits that may be gathered.

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1.9 Definition of Terms

1. Corporate Social Responsibility CSR pertains to the actions of

companies, corporations, or institutions to give back to the society for the

adverse effects they have done, upon operation, on the environment and

society regardless of territory or state.

2. Community Development This pertains to the program of an institution

that aims to enrich or rehabilitate a community on a variety of ways including

investments, construction of infrastructures, etc. This is the most basic form of

practice in the field corporate social responsibility.

3. UST-Simbahayan Community Development Office It is the core

developer and manager of the University of Santo Tomas community

development programs.
4. National Service Training Program (NSTP) It is a law-mandated program

imposed upon all Filipino college students to be enhance civic consciousness

and defense preparedness.

5. Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) one of the three components of

the National Service Training Program. It aims to provide military education

and training for students to mobilize them for national defense preparedness.
6. Literacy Training Service (LTS) one of the three main components of the

National Service Training Program. It is a civic education and defense

preparedness program for higher and vocational educational students in the

Philippines. LTS is a program designed to trains students to become teachers

of literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out of school youth, and

other segments of society.

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 7. Civil Welfare Training Service (CWTS) one of three main components of

the National Service Training Program. Its activities are contributory to the

general welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community

or the enhancements of its facilities, especially those devoted to improving

health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation, and

morals of the society.

CHAPTER 2

2.1 Review of Related Literature

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) also known as corporate citizenship

is a positive act of a company, corporation or institution to give back to the society,

regardless of the country or territory one is in, for its effects on environment and

society. These are acts beyond the laid out rules and regulations of a country.

(Investopedia, 2007)

Different from the general meaning, CSRs specific conception of that

responsibility to profit while playing a role in broader questions of community

welfare. (Brusseau, n.d.) As so, there are four obligations under this approach.

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 i. Economic responsibility
ii. Legal responsibility
iii. Ethical responsibility
iv. Philanthropic responsibility

Corporate Social Responsibility: Practices

Like many other concepts, however, corporate social responsibility has

evolved and has been interpreted many times by business establishment over time

which is influenced by historical, sociopolitical, and cultural reasons. (Visser, 2010)

notes the various interpretations of corporate social responsibility across time and

culture such as during the advent of corporate social responsibility during its

inception, the philosophy then was focused and leaning towards the environment

which reflects the kind of zeitgeist during the 1900s wherein the aggrandizing effects

of capitalism reflects on the desolate state of the earth back then which also affects

the living condition of the society. Community development programs that are

implemented back then during the sway of the environmental leaning corporate

social responsibility are clean-up drives, oil spill mitigation activities spearheaded by

oil companies since there was a massive leak in the Gulf of Mexico during the

drilling operations of ExxonMobil, an American oil energy provider. Due to the

innovative approaches of private institutions over such concepts, however, the

environmental leaning philosophy of corporate social responsibility would not hold

and soon after there the concept will hold a different meaning.

One such interpretation of the concept of corporate social responsibility is it is

gradually leaning from being an environmental idea to a philanthropic scope in

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nature. (Visser, 2010) and (Friedman, 2008) notes the many factors that led to such

deviation such as the need for institutions to be different from the status quo as the

plethora of environmental programs in the field of corporate social responsibility has

already desensitized and is now either not supported or clamored for by the society.

Also, being a philanthropic-leaning corporate social venture, this has allowed various

institutions to widen their scope to accommodate different programs wherein the

laborers can contribute on how the institution could serve the society or even

themselves in the first place.

Being philanthropic in nature also allows the institution to be more efficient

than being an environmentally-biased program since this is logistically feasible and

only contains the furor, hassle, and expenses of the institution in one package unlike

the former wherein the corporation is exhausted of its resources from expenses to

manpower, thereby decreasing the rate of productivity of the workers.

The philanthropic nature of corporate social responsibility allows the

institution to be more efficient since their program only involves or usually limits the

expenses to be exhausted to the economic resources of the company, saving the

productivity of the company, thus raking in more gains and profits for the institution,

while at the same time earning the affection of the society by giving out scholarships,

grants, awards, and other forms of support to the community, so it can be

constructive and be integrated in the public sector.

(Visser, 2010) in particular notes that this type of practice is prevalent in Asia

which complements perfectly with the ideological tenets of giving in Hinduism which

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focuses on the responsibility of fulfilling ones dharma, the philanthropic idea of

corporate social responsibility being critical to this situation since it widens the scope

of options available to Indian commercial monoliths. It also molds perfectly with the

ideological tenets and principles of Islam as it follows the Third Pillar of Islam which

is zakat, the obligatory giving of alms to the needy. While there is no specific concept

or idea that perfectly aligns with the philanthropic nature of corporate social

responsibility with Confucianism or Taoism, the socioeconomic state of China back

then calls for a more efficient use of resources since it was still scurrying back then

to support the growth of the state, thus preaching and prioritizing the optimum

utilization of resources, a philosophy that can be found inherently in the teachings of

Lao Tzu and Confucius in the Dao De Ching.

Corporate Social Responsibility: Purpose

The above examples show the ethos of how corporate social responsibility is

being practiced over time. According to (Tarrayao, 2014) however, while the practice

of corporate social responsibility may have changed and has varied over different

companies, culture, and state, there will be different purposes as to why the

company initiated and maintained a corporate social responsibility in the first place.

He furthermore stressed the importance of this discipline in various industries most

especially the industries which are the main lifelines of a nation such as energy and

communications. Corporate social responsibility is a plane where industrial

monoliths could manage their brand representation where they are usually deemed

as capitalists with little or almost no regard for natural or human resources.

(Tarrayao, 2014) states in an interview that there are two types as to why an

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institution implements a corporate social responsibility program. The first being

Corporate social responsibility, a strategic-based corporate social responsibility

program famously associated with a capitalized C in the beginning in order to

stress the purpose of the company to integrate itself within the society by providing

them the necessary infrastructure, information, and services in order to gain profit in

time wherein the reliance of the community towards the goods and services will

eventually become a need in order to support their lifestyle in the near future.

This type of strategic corporate social responsibility is prevalent in states that

are continually developing and are thus building infrastructures and disseminating

information to various communities in order to modernize the society so that the

injection of economy and social engagement be robust and fruitful in the economic

and political sense.

This includes the practice of the private sectors to tie-up with the public sector

in partnerships when it comes to building roads and highways that link the smaller

community to the society, getting income from the toll fares in the future, thus paying

off their expenses and gaining profit in the long term due to their investments and

telecommunications providing free education to indigenous community constantly

being terrorized by insurgents and belligerents by providing free education to the

children through mobile gadgets, thus tying up their need to the cell sites that are

constantly being bombed by the insurgents who are also imbibed in the community.

This not only helps the company but the state and the community itself although the

program would not have come to fruition if profit had not been in mind of the

company in the first place. For the strategic Corporate social responsibility, the

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anchor of the program is aimed at maximizing their profits through investments in the

community and earning from those in the long run while at the same time enriching

the said social group which would in turn exponentially reciprocate the same

because of their already improved lifestyle in the future.

The other type of corporate social responsibility program being practiced is

the one adopted and continuously evolved by developed countries which is

innovative and much harder to implement than the aforementioned strategic practice

of the program. According to (Tarrayo, 2014) this should be the real practice of

corporate social responsibility wherein the institutions have no regard for profits to

be gained in the future while not incurring any expenses but at the same time having

an upside of reaching a far wider scale. Although utopian in idea, many of the

companies and states have actually practiced this form of corporate social

responsibility wherein the company conducts seminars and symposiums on

empowering the individual to do actual volunteerism work outside the company and

helping the society in the capacity of each laborer while at the same time embodying

the principles and ideas of the company they are currently employed in.

(Tarrayao, 2014) clarifies that this works better in developed countries

wherein there are already connected infrastructures and networks that can

accommodate services efficiently thus exponentially increasing the rate of

contribution with each volunteered work. In addition, there are no expenses on part

of the institution except for the seminars that would encourage each employee on

volunteered works. It would be an upside on the part of the institution since each

employee represents the brand of the company and presents them to the society by

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doing charitable works, thus improving the image of the institution and establishing it

as a workplace wherein one could expect a utopian setting. The level of scope and

depth of the penetration of the institution is much deeper compared to the

aforementioned practices exemplified above as it is practiced by a high number of

individuals instead of a single entity and has a much more personal, diversified as it

ranges to a number of volunteered works such as granting of scholarships, clean-up

drives, and community services that will benefit the community and the society.

A number of companies largely practice this type of corporate social

responsibility such as international companies which branches all over the world,

most especially banks such as HSBC, UnionBank, and Bank of the Philippine

Islands.

Corporate Social Responsibility: Global Patterns

In the international plane, Corporate Social Responsibility is considered a

norm for many companies although it is practiced in different ways because of

varying vested interests and cultural, socioeconomic situation each institution is

situated in. Although not an essential part of a business organizational structure, the

Corporate Social Responsibility program or division is slowly ascending to be

recognized by the commercial field since it brings about swaths of benefits for the

company, whether it be profits earned through investments, formed connections and

fostered relationships with individuals or organizations that may propel the business

forward in the future. (Tarrayao, 2014)

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 For companies that are situated in developing countries, the most likely form

of practice the company is engaged in is the strategic one since it seeks to first gain

capital in order to further sustain the longevity of the company, and in turn the

program, In the long run, as the capital of the company grows larger it would be ideal

for the state to grow passively by the growth of the companies and use the

development of these institutions to support the economy of the country in order to

become a developed country with interconnected infrastructures, information, and

services. It is the sustainability of the institutions that is vital for the development of

the community and the society as it is the one that mainly lays down the roads and

connections for the people thru its partnerships with several organization or with the

public sector. The preservation and prosperity of the capital is the key and purpose

mainly of a company being situated in a developing country.

In a developed country meanwhile, there would be a plethora of choices for a

company on what kind of practice he would engage in. This boils down to the

question of whether the company is a small-medium enterprise or a large

corporation. In the case of the small-medium enterprises, the mantra still maintains

that it would be the sustainability of the company that is essential. It would not be

able to engage in community development programs if even in the first place, it

cannot even sustain its own business. Sustainability is the key and thus strategic

Corporate social responsibility will be called upon to prosper the company. In the

case of monolithic companies, they are most likely inclined to practice the other type

of corporate social responsibility wherein mentioned above to further strengthen the

hold of their institution among the state and in the international plane as well. Its

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about integrating the institution along history so that it will be form part of the story of

the people as well.

Corporate Social Responsibility: National Patterns

As a nation, the corporate social responsibility plays a large role in the

building of the nation. From early on, families that has dominated Philippine politics

played a vital role in developing the roadmap of Philippine economy by also

establishing commercial networks across the region. This can be seen from the still

surviving and ever growing stronger families of Araneta, Zobel, Ayala, and the likes.

They have established influential institutions which play a vital role in injecting and

boosting the economy of the Philippines which includes media outlets such as ABS-

CBN that increases and propagates the culture of the nation which holds various

community development activities such as the rehabilitation of esteros across the

National Capital Region and the preservation of the La Mesa Dam National Park.

Aside from these traditional business magnates, newcomers to the field such

as Henry Sy and Manny Pangilinan are renowned for their practice of corporate

social responsibility in their own respective manners such as the famous

sponsorship and support of the telecommunications head honcho of the basketball

program of the Philippines, Gilas Pilipinas, and Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas

which tremendously increases the morale, unity, and cohesiveness of the Filipino

identity through a common sport that is beloved by all.

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 The Philippines is also lauded for being innovative and pioneering ideas in the

realm of Public-Private Partnership which is also in the scope of Corporate Social

Responsibility. Since the launching of the Public-Private Partnership Program of the

Philippines in 2010, the nation has been highly regarded by international plaudits

and local investors in both public and private organizations. This is cemented by the

fact that the nation has bagged the Best Central/Regional Government PPP

Program Promoter last June 2014 in London, England. This 2015, the government

added to its credibility and bragging rights as Asias Pacific Grantor of the Year

during the Asia Pacific Awards last March 24, 2015 in Singapore. (Public-Private

Partnership Center, 2015)

As stated above, it can be said that the rate of improvement and growth in the

Philippines is bright and will continue to grow due to the active participation of both

the government and the private sector. There is even a law regarding Corporate

Social Responsibility in the nation that seeks to encourage programs that will prove

beneficial to the communities and thus businesses will be granted tax exemptions,

deductions or other benefits that the state deem they deserve. This has encouraged

businesses to conduct community development programs that further sustains the

communities that are impoverished not in the rural nations but the urban poor as well

that are subject to oppression and marginalization by their own kind.

But looking at the state of things however, the desolate situation just seems to

really worsen. Ideally there are built infrastructures that aims to support the flow of

traffic to transport goods from one point to another so that the flow of economy will

be swift and have a larger contribution but it just seems to be more uncontrollable

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with each passing day as commuters experience failure of transit operations that is

also maintained by private corporations and faulty internet connections that

contributes to unsent or wasted information that is vital to the age of technology

today.

How can the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility improve the state of

the nation? Is there a way wherein we could change the system of our praxis in

order to contribute a more massive effort and change to the society? Or is there no

proper model that can be adopted or innovated in order to drastically change the

situation we are facing today?

CSR and the University-Community Relationship: The Case of UST

The concept of a corporate social responsibility is not foreign in the case of

University of Santo Tomas as it has already been mandated by law in the first place

through the enactment of Republic Act 7077, also known as the Reserve Officers

Training Corps program which orders the university to facilitate the training of the

youth regarding civic education and military defense to prepare them for national

defense preparedness. The civic and military education however was mired by

issues of corruption and hazing prior to the unfortunate incident that transpired on

University Santo Tomas Golden Cadet Corps Mark Nelson Chua, whose body was

found floating in the Pasig River. The National Bureau of Investigation concluded

that there was foul play on the cadets death that links it with the corrupt system with

the UST ROTC unit.

29
 Following Mark Nelson Chuas death, the Congress was faced with a drastic

decision to face the clamor of the public to revise or abolish the corrupt system of

the ROTC. The Twelfth Congress of the Philippines soon fashioned Republic Act

1963, famously known as the National Service Training Program of 2001, which

added the ROTC to one of its strands and two others, namely: Civic Welfare Training

Service and Literacy Training Service. By this legal mandate, the University formed

one of its first corporate social responsibility acts as an institution on 2001.

As such, this led to the institution of Simbahayan, the community

development section of the University of Santo Tomas which facilitates the

development and projects of the National Service Training Program and other such

activities which seeks to hone connections and foster relationships with communities

that needs to be helped out. To this day, the Simbahayan community development

program has helped out a lot of impoverished families and developed many

communities through its CWTS program in communities in Pampanga, Tarlac, and

Navotas while the LTS program performs teaching activities that seeks to inculcate

literacy and holistic Thomasian education to out-of-school-youth and less than

fortunate children in the CAMANAVA (Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela)

area.

The Simbahayan community development program also has been a colossal

force in the rehabilitation and continues to lend a helping hand to the tragic victims of

Typhoon Yolanda in Tacloban. It has allotted help from various volunteers that

provided medical assistance to the wounded, psychological rehabilitation to the

30
traumatized and continuous supply of needs to the people in the city since there was

massive scarcity of supplies.

The UST-Simbahayan Community Development Office is the core developer

and manager of the Universitys community development program. The office

oversee most, if not all, community development projects by college or faculty-based

organizations, University-wide student organizations, CWTS and LTS of the National

Service Training Program, and Alumni-proposed projects. With recipients who are

duly recognized partner communities or institutions of the University.

All of the projects have the end of goal of attaining the Universitys mission of

production, advancement, and transmission of knowledge for the formation of

competent, compassionate, and committed Thomasian professionals and for the

partner community to be self-reliant, interdependent, and empowered, contributing

to the building of the Church, the home and the nation (UST Simbahayan, 2015).

2.1.1 Key Program Strategies

The key development strategy of UST- Simbahayan Community Development

Office is TOMAS.

T Training and Education for Capacity Building

o Community Development Training Program

o Kamanlalakbay Community Leaders

Formation Program

o Student, Faculty, Support Staff,

Administration Personnel Orientation and

Formation Program in Community

Development

31
 o University-based Training and Education

Programs

o Community-based Non Formal Education

O Organizing for Empowerment

o Community Organizing

o Social Services Delivery (Health, Education,

Livelihood, Physical/environmental and Spiritual/

HELPS Approach)

o Networking, Expansion, and Linkaging

o Community Development Volunteer Program

M Management for Program Development

o Staff Development

o Planning, Implementation, Monitoring, and

Evaluation of UCDP

o Program/Project Development Assistance and

Consultancy

o Resource Generation and Mobilization

A Advocacy, Research, and Documentation

o Symposia/Fora on relevant social, cultural,

economic, and political issue affecting University

partner communities

o Newsletter and Journal, Publications,

Website, Video Documentation

32
 o Community-based Researches

o Curricular Integration of Community

Development and Community Development

Issues

S Spirituality of Transformation

o Retreats and reflection sessions oriented

towards social transformation for partner

communities, University community development

workers, students, and employees

o Basic Ecclesial Communities as a way of life

CHAPTER III

Research Methods

3.1 Research Design

The proposed research is entitled Juan For All, All For Juan: Benchmarking

University-Community Development Standards Of UST Simbahayan and in this

study the researchers aim to provide the UST Simbahayan administration a better

business organizational structure. In doing so, the researchers hope that the

provided new business organizational structure would maximize effectively the use

of the UST Simbahayan of its services.

The researchers will use Mixed-Method Research design by conducting

closed-group discussions with the students benefitted by the UST Simbahayan

Community-Development scholarship programs, as well as conducting interviews

33
with top Corporate Social Responsibility heads in the Philippines and formulating

surveys which will be used to objectively tackle the issue presented in the study in

order to propose a new, effective business model that is based on sound and

objectively tackled study.

The closed-group discussion will be used in order to gauge the general

atmosphere and feeling the recipients of said scholarships have. While the

interviews will be used as tool to help in creating a new business organizational

structure fitted for UST Simbahayan Community Development with the aim to

maximize effectively its services for both parties especially the University. The data

that will be gathered will be treated equally to be able to gather an accurate

response to the problem at hand.

The qualitative aspect shall cover the beneficiaries of the Simbahayan

project, various CSR heads in the nation, and University officials that has technical

knowledge of the community development program in the Philippines and students-

beneficiaries as well whose lives were changed for the better due to the Universitys

initiative in making the nation a better place.

The quantitative aspect of the research will cover questionnaires and surveys

that will gauge the standard of the Universitys corporate social responsibility

program and what it aspires to achieve in the near future so as to form an ideal

business model suited to their ethos. This objective-based and quantitative aspect of

the research will prove essential in constructing a new and effective business model

that will be infused with the qualitative accounts received.

34
3.2 Sample Size and Sampling Design

In this study, the respondents would be the scholars of UST Simbahayan

Community-Development hailing from their partner communities. These scholars will

be in a closed-group discussion. There are 24 questions composed of 8 yes or no

questions, 8 multiple choice and 8 questions in a Likert scale. On the other hand, the

interviews will be conducted with the top CSR heads of the Philippines.

3.3 Data Collection Instrument

In order to satisfy the Mixed-Method Research Approach, the researchers will

utilize to the optimum extent the use of surveys, focused group discussions, and

interviews as a means of gathering the necessary and pertinent data for the

construction of the study. The researchers will allot one week to conduct and finish

the survey, exclusive of the analysis and interpretation of the results. The sample

size needed for the survey will be from students from the Faculty of Arts and Letters

within the University of Santo Tomas, comprising 200 herein.

For the interview, the researchers will choose to interact and pick the brains of

various CSR heads in the Philippines which has received various accolades

domestically and internationally and will include University officials that are

responsible for the operations and activities of the UST Simbahayan project and

corporate social responsibility program.

35
 As for the focused group discussion, the researchers will handpick random

student beneficiaries that are studying currently within the University due to the help

of the corporate social responsibility helm of the school.

3.4 Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will utilize survey questionnaires as a way to collect data in

order to form as the supporting foundation of the research. The survey questionnaire

will be comprised of questions that will prove to be essential in ascertaining the

thoughts and results of the previous business model of the CSR program. It will also

be grounded upon the scope and limitations of the program, theoretical frameworks

that back up the claim of the study, and other pertinent questions deemed relevant

by the researchers. The survey will be comprised of 24 questions ranging from

dichotomous questions, multiple choice questions, and Likert scale which will gauge

the respondents about particular ideas regarding its frequency, adequacy, and

importance.

After the approval of the adviser in the formulation of the survey

questionnaire, the researchers will thus distribute them to students of the University

of Santo Tomas Faculty of Arts and Letters following Slovins test which will be

equal to 200 respondents. The researchers promise to give the respondents a

reasonable amount of time in order to finish the survey questionnaires and to treat

the anonymity of the respondents with utmost confidentiality along with their answers

in the survey.

36
 Furthermore, the research will also focus on interviews and focused group

discussions that will represent both the benefactor and beneficiaries of the corporate

social responsibility program of the University and other heads as well in the

Philippines. Letters will be written and duly signed by the adviser in order to form a

correspondence and serve as a notice to the requested official or person regarding

the interview. As such, the interviews and focused group discussion will be guided

and be readied upon by sending the interested persons with the related questions

that will surely come up in the interaction on the scheduled date which is duly

approved by the adviser.

3.5 Data Analysis

One of the tools the researchers will focus on using for analyzing the

gathered data is the Descriptive Analysis. They recognize the role of Descriptive

Analysis in giving the basic qualities of the data. This will include the mean, median,

mode, and standard deviation, which basically tells what the gathered data looks

like. Mean is the average of the gathered scores. Mode functions by identifying the

frequently chosen answer in the data set. Median determines what the middle score

of data is after it is put into order. Whilst standard deviation finds out how close the

scores are centered on the mean score (University of Minnesota).

The researchers will also use the Chi-Square Test also known as Odds Ratio,

or Relative Risk, which they feel is more apt for the given survey questions. Chi-

Square Test is a type of statistical test that is commonly used to compare observed

37
data with the data expected to obtain for the hypothesis (PennState). It gives an

objective view, through the said test, for one to determine that the differences are not

only due to chance but also through other factors. (Beals, Gross, & Harrell, 1999)

The use of simple regression analysis will also be helpful for it predicts if a

change in one variable significantly alters or affects the other variable (University of

Minnesota). Moreover, they also would like to explore Pearson-r Analysis or Pearson

correlation which tests the relationship between two continuous variables. An

example of the application of this test is on determining whether the salaries of

judges affect their competencies and commitments. There would also be a utilization

of Logistic Regression which tests the odds or risk of an event occurring or not

based on controlling a number of predictor variables. Through this there can be an

analysis of the several factors affecting the diminishing credibility of the judicial

department.

Lastly, the use of psychometric tests such as Cronbachs Alpha will give an

insight as to the internal consistencies of the items in a certain scale, or how

responses to items in the scale relate to one another (Barlow, 2012). Should the

closed-group discussion generate different opinions from different groups, they

would use ANOVA or t-test to analyze and differentiate the responses.

3.6 Appendices

3.6.1 References

38
Bibliography

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community: The university's contribution to local and regional

development by providing educational services for adults.

Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5-11.

o Bartholomew, C. (2003). Gender Sensitivity Therapy: Principles

and Practices. Waveland Press.

o Boyle, C. (1999). Education, sustainability, and cleaner

production. Journal for Cleaner Production, 83-87.

o Brillantes, Jr, A. B., & Fernandez, M. (2013). Theory and Practice

of Public Administration in the Philippines: Concerns for an

Identity Crisis. Asian Journal of Political Science, 80-101.

o Brunsell, E. (2010, September). What Works In Education.

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o Brusseau, J. (2015, October 13). The Business Ethics

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o Corporate Social Responsibility Definition . (2007, October 28).

Retrieved from Investopedia:

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 http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corp-social-

responsibility.asp

o De Sousa, C. (2015). Evaluating progress towards sustainable

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o Fillone, A. M., Tiglao, N. C., & Montalbo Jr., C. M. (2007).

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Cleaner Production, 1143-1153.

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Cleaner Production, 125-135.

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o Philippine Institute for Development Studies. (1999).

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Land-Based Transport Governance in the Philippines. Quezon

City: Ateneo de Manila University.

o Sedlacek, S. (2013). The role of universities in fostering

sustaibale development at the regional level. Journal of Cleaner

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o Shiel, C., Filho, W., do Paco, A., & Brandli, L. (2015). Evaluating

the engagement of universities in capacity building for

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research for sustainable development: definition and

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42
 o Zihaly, G., & Huisingh, D. (2009). The roles of academia in

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3.6.2 Appendix I
3.6.2.1 History
3.6.2.2 Mission and Vision
The UST-SIMBAHAYAN Community Development Office,

pursuing the effective and sustained involvement of the

Thomasian Community, envisions partner communities and at-

risk sectors that are self-reliant, interdependent, and empowered,

contributing to the building of the Church, the home and the

nation. The UST-SIMBAHAYAN Community Development Office

commits itself to the Christian formation of Thomasians and

University partner communities, local parishes, and partner

institutions in becoming agents of social transformation. (UST

Simbahayan, 2015)

43
3.6.3 Curriculum Vitae

Jyrus B. Cimatu is an undergraduate taking up Bachelor of

Arts Major in Legal Management at the University of Santo Tomas. He graduated from
Notre Dame of Greater Manila in high school where he garnered several awards such
as the Herodotus History Cup Wizard, Best in Essay Writing, Best in Science, and
several other accolades. He continues his passion for academic and intellectual
excellence in the University of Santo Tomas by achieving excellence in each semester
becoming a regular Deans Lister. He further exemplified excellence by consistently
placing in the past 3 years as 2nd or 3rd place in the Varsitarian-sponsored Pautakan
Quiz Bee which is the longest running quizzing competition in the country and bagging
the Best Adjudicator during the recently
Kimberly Ann I.held AB Debate
Honrales Competition.
is an His passion
undergraduate taking up
includes
Bachelor of Arts Major in Legal Management at the University of Santo Tomas.Xbox.
intellectual parleys, attending philosophical talks, writing, and playing It is
also in this prestigious university where she graduated high school as part of the cream
section. A consistent Deans Lister, Kimberly also devotes her time honing her passion
in public speaking through debates. She competes within her college from where she
grabbed 3rd Best Speaker in the 2014 AB Debate Series, and also participates in inter-
university competitions such as the 3rd. Luzon International Intervarsities, where she
bagged 3rd place as Best Adjudicator. She also participated in writing competitions
placing 3rd and 6th respectively in News Writing and Editorial Writing in the 2010
Divisions Secondary Schools Press Conference. Recently, she participated in the44 UST
Bar Operations in 2014. Simultaneously, Kimberly also works as an Auditor at the
Quick Trip Gasoline Station in Batangas. In her spare time, aside from debate and
public speaking, she loves travelling, reading, writing, and learning new things.
45