Microsoft Word - Wikipedia

5/19/2017 MicrosoftWordWikipedia
MicrosoftWord
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
MicrosoftWordisawordprocessordevelopedby
MicrosoftWord
Microsoft.ItwasfirstreleasedonOctober25,1983[4]under
thenameMultiToolWordforXenixsystems.[5][6][7]
Subsequentversionswerelaterwrittenforseveralother
platformsincludingIBMPCsrunningDOS(1983),Apple
MacintoshrunningClassicMacOS(1985),AT&TUnixPC
(1985),AtariST(1988),OS/2(1989),MicrosoftWindows
(1989),SCOUnix(1994),andmacOS(2001).Commercial
versionsofWordarelicensedasastandaloneproductoras
acomponentofMicrosoftOffice,WindowsRTorthe
discontinuedMicrosoftWorkssuite.MicrosoftWord
ViewerandOfficeOnlinearefreewareeditionsofWord
withlimitedfeatures.
MicrosoftOfficeWord2013onWindows8
Contents
Developer(s) Microsoft
1 History Initialrelease October25,1983(asMultiTool
1.1 Origins Word)
1.2 WordforWindows
1.3 WordforMac Stablerelease 1612(Build7668.2074)/
2 Fileformats January31,2017[1]
2.1 Fileextensions
2.2 Binaryformats(Word972007) Operatingsystem Windows10
2.3 XMLDocument(Word2003) Windows8
2.4 Crossversioncompatibility WindowsRT
2.5 Thirdpartyformats WindowsServer2012
2.6 Imageformats WindowsServer2008R2
3 Featuresandflaws
3.1 Templates Windows7[2]
3.2 WordArt Platform IA32,x64,ARM
3.3 Macros
3.4 Layoutissues Type Wordprocessor
3.5 Bulletsandnumbering License Trialware
3.6 AutoSummarize
Website products.office.com/word(http
4 Passwordprotection
5 Reception s://products.office.com/word)
6 Releasehistory
7 References MicrosoftWordforMac
8 Furtherreading
9 Externallinks
History
Origins
In1981,MicrosofthiredCharlesSimonyi,theprimary
developerofBravo,thefirstGUIwordprocessor,which MicrosoftWordforMac2016onOSXYosemite
wasdevelopedatXeroxPARC.[8]Simonyistartedworkon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word 1/15
awordprocessorcalledMultiToolWordandsoonhired Developer(s) Microsoft

RichardBrodie,aformerXeroxintern,whobecamethe
Stablerelease 2016(15.24.0)/July12,2016[3]
primarysoftwareengineer.[8][9][10]
Operatingsystem macOS
MicrosoftannouncedMultiToolWordforXenix[8]andMS
Type Wordprocessor
DOSin1983.[11]ItsnamewassoonsimplifiedtoMicrosoft
License Proprietarysoftwareplus
Word.[5]Freedemonstrationcopiesoftheapplicationwere
services
bundledwiththeNovember1983issueofPCWorld,
makingitthefirsttobedistributedondiskwitha Website products.office.com/word(http
magazine.[5][12]ThatyearMicrosoftdemonstratedWord s://products.office.com/word)
runningonWindows.[13]
UnlikemostMSDOSprogramsatthetime,MicrosoftWordwasdesignedtobeusedwithamouse.[11]
AdvertisementsdepictedtheMicrosoftMouse,anddescribedWordasaWYSIWYG,windowedword
processorwiththeabilitytoundoanddisplaybold,italic,andunderlinedtext,[14]althoughitcouldnotrender
fonts.[5]Itwasnotinitiallypopular,sinceitsuserinterfacewasdifferentfromtheleadingwordprocessoratthe
time,WordStar.[15]However,Microsoftsteadilyimprovedtheproduct,releasingversions2.0through5.0over
thenextsixyears.In1985,MicrosoftportedWordtoMacOS.ThiswasmadeeasierbyWordforDOShaving
beendesignedforusewithhighresolutiondisplaysandlaserprinters,eventhoughnonewereyetavailableto
thegeneralpublic.[16]FollowingtheprecedentsofLisaWriteandMacWrite,WordforMacOSaddedtrue
WYSIWYGfeatures.ItfulfilledaneedforawordprocessorthatwasmorecapablethanMacWrite.[17]Afterits
release,WordforMacOS'ssaleswerehigherthanitsMSDOScounterpartforatleastfouryears.[8]
ThesecondreleaseofWordforMacOS,shippedin1987,wasnamedWord3.0tosynchronizeitsversion
numberwithWordforDOSthiswasMicrosoft'sfirstattempttosynchronizeversionnumbersacross
platforms.Word3.0includednumerousinternalenhancementsandnewfeatures,includingthefirst
implementationoftheRichTextFormat(RTF)specification,butwasplaguedwithbugs.Withinafewmonths,
Word3.0wassupersededbyamorestableWord3.01,whichwasmailedfreetoallregisteredusersof3.0.[16]
AfterMacWriteProwasdiscontinuedinthemid1990s,WordforMacOSneverhadanyseriousrivals.Word
5.1forMacOS,releasedin1992,wasaverypopularwordprocessorowingtoitselegance,relativeeaseofuse
andfeatureset.ManyuserssayitisthebestversionofWordforMacOSevercreated.[16][18]
In1986,anagreementbetweenAtariandMicrosoftbroughtWordtotheAtariST[19]underthenameMicrosoft
Write.TheAtariSTversionwasaportofWord1.05fortheMacOS[20][21]andwasneverupdatedduetothe
outstandingdegreeofsoftwarepiracyontheAtariplatform.
ThefirstversionofWordforWindowswasreleasedin1989.WiththereleaseofWindows3.0thefollowing
year,salesbegantopickupandMicrosoftsoonbecamethemarketleaderforwordprocessorsforIBMPC
compatiblecomputers.[8]In1991,MicrosoftcapitalizedonWordforWindows'increasingpopularityby
releasingaversionofWordforDOS,version5.5,thatreplaceditsuniqueuserinterfacewithaninterface
similartoaWindowsapplication.[22][23]WhenMicrosoftbecameawareoftheYear2000problem,itmade
MicrosoftWord5.5forDOSavailablefordownloadfree.AsofMarch2014,itisstillavailablefordownload
fromMicrosoft'swebsite.[24]In1991,MicrosoftembarkedonaprojectcodenamedPyramidtocompletely
rewriteMicrosoftWordfromthegroundup.BoththeWindowsandMacOSversionswouldstartfromthe
samecodebase.Itwasabandonedwhenitwasdeterminedthatitwouldtakethedevelopmentteamtoolongto
rewriteandthencatchupwithallthenewcapabilitiesthatcouldhavebeenaddedinthesametimewithouta
rewrite.Instead,thenextversionsofWordforWindowsandMacOS,dubbedversion6.0,bothstartedfromthe
codebaseofWordforWindows2.0.[18]
WiththereleaseofWord6.0in1993,Microsoftagainattemptedtosynchronizetheversionnumbersand
coordinateproductnamingacrossplatforms,thistimeacrossDOS,MacOS,andWindows(thiswasthelast
versionofWordforDOS).ItintroducedAutoCorrect,whichautomaticallyfixedcertaintypingerrors,and
AutoFormat,whichcouldreformatmanypartsofadocumentatonce.WhiletheWindowsversionreceived
favorablereviews(e.g.,fromInfoWorld[25]),theMacOSversionwaswidelyderided.Manyaccuseditofbeing
slow,clumsyandmemoryintensive,anditsuserinterfacedifferedsignificantlyfromWord5.1.[18]Inresponse
touserrequests,MicrosoftofferedWord5again,afterithadbeendiscontinued.[26]Subsequentversionsof
WordformacOSarenolongerdirectportsofWordforWindows,insteadfeaturingamixtureofportedcode
andnativecode.
WordforWindows
WordforWindowsisavailablestandaloneoraspartoftheMicrosoft
Officesuite.Wordcontainsrudimentarydesktoppublishingcapabilities
andisthemostwidelyusedwordprocessingprogramonthemarket.
Wordfilesarecommonlyusedastheformatforsendingtextdocuments
viaemailbecausealmosteveryuserwithacomputercanreadaWord
documentbyusingtheWordapplication,aWordvieweroraword
processorthatimportstheWordformat(seeMicrosoftWordViewer).
Word6forWindowsNTwasthefirst32bitversionoftheproduct,[27]
releasedwithMicrosoftOfficeforWindowsNTaroundthesametime
MicrosoftWord2007
asWindows95.ItwasastraightforwardportofWord6.0.Startingwith
Word95,releasesofWordwerenamedaftertheyearofitsrelease,
insteadofitsversionnumber.[28]
Word2010allowsmorecustomizationoftheRibbon,[29]addsaBackstageviewforfilemanagement,[30]has
improveddocumentnavigation,allowscreationandembeddingofscreenshots,[31]andintegrateswithWord
WebApp.[32]
WordforMac
In1997,MicrosoftformedtheMacintoshBusinessUnitasan
independentgroupwithinMicrosoftfocusedonwritingsoftwarefor
MacOS.ItsfirstversionofWord,Word98,wasreleasedwithOffice98
MacintoshEdition.DocumentcompatibilityreachedparitywithWord
97,[26]anditincludedfeaturesfromWord97forWindows,including
spellandgrammarcheckingwithsquiggles.[33]Userscouldchoosethe
menusandkeyboardshortcutstobesimilartoeitherWord97for
WindowsorWord5forMacOS.
Word2001,releasedin2000,addedafewnewfeatures,includingthe MicrosoftWord2011runningonOS
OfficeClipboard,whichalloweduserstocopyandpastemultiple X
[34]
items. ItwasthelastversiontorunonclassicMacOSand,onMac
OSX,itcouldonlyrunwithintheClassicEnvironment.WordX,releasedin2001,wasthefirstversiontorun
nativelyon,andrequired,MacOSX,[33]andintroducednoncontiguoustextselection.[35]
Word2004wasreleasedinMay2004.ItincludedanewNotebookLayoutviewfortakingnoteseitherby
typingorbyvoice.[36]Otherfeatures,suchastrackingchanges,weremademoresimilarwithOfficefor
Windows.[37]
Word2008,releasedonJanuary15,2008,includedaRibbonlikefeature,calledtheElementsGallery,thatcan
beusedtoselectpagelayoutsandinsertcustomdiagramsandimages.Italsoincludedanewviewfocusedon
publishinglayout,integratedbibliographymanagement,[38]andnativesupportforthenewOfficeOpenXML
format.ItwasthefirstversiontorunnativelyonIntelbasedMacs.[39]
Word2011,releasedinOctober2010,replacedtheElementsGalleryinfavorofaRibbonuserinterfacethatis
muchmoresimilartoOfficeforWindows,[40]andincludesafullscreenmodethatallowsuserstofocuson
readingandwritingdocuments,andsupportforOfficeWebApps.[41]
Fileformats
Fileextensions
MicrosoftWord'snativefileformatsaredenotedeitherbya.docor.docxfilenameextension.
Althoughthe.docextensionhasbeenusedinmanydifferentversionsofWord,itactuallyencompassesfour
distinctfileformats:
1.WordforDOS
2.WordforWindows1and2Word3and4forMacOS
3.Word6andWord95forWindowsWord6forMacOS
4.Word97andlaterforWindowsWord98andlaterforMacOS
Thenewer.docxextensionsignifiestheOfficeOpenXMLinternationalstandardforOfficedocumentsandis
usedbyWord2007andlaterforWindows,Word2008andlaterformacOS,aswellasbyagrowingnumberof
applicationsfromothervendors,includingOpenOffice.orgWriter,anopensourcewordprocessing
program.[42]
Binaryformats(Word972007)
Duringthelate1990sandearly2000s,thedefaultWorddocumentformat(.DOC)becameadefactostandard
ofdocumentfileformatsforMicrosoftOfficeusers.Therearedifferentversionsof"WordDocumentFormat"
usedbydefaultinWord972007.[43]EachbinarywordfileisanOLECompoundFile,[44]ahierarchicalfile
systemwithinafile.[45]AccordingtoJoelSpolsky,WordBinaryFileFormatisextremelycomplexmainly
becauseitsdevelopershadtoaccommodateanoverwhelmingnumberoffeaturesandprioritizeperformance
overanythingelse.[45]
AswithallOLECompoundFiles,WordBinaryFormatconsistsof"storages",whichareanalogousto
computerfolders,and"streams",whicharesimilartocomputerfiles.Eachstoragemaycontainstreamsor
otherstorages.EachWordBinaryFilemustcontainastreamcalled"WordDocument"streamandthisstream
muststartwithaFileInformationBlock(FIB).[46]FIBservesasthefirstpointofreferenceforlocating
everythingelse,suchaswherethetextinaWorddocumentstarts,ends,whatversionofWordcreatedthe
documentandotherattributes.
Word2007andlatercontinuetosupporttheDOCfileformat,althoughitisnolongerthedefault.
XMLDocument(Word2003)
TheXMLformatintroducedinWord2003[47]wasasimple,XMLbasedformatcalledWordprocessingML.
Crossversioncompatibility
OpeningaWordDocumentfileinaversionofWordotherthantheonewithwhichitwascreatedcancause
incorrectdisplayofthedocument.Thedocumentformatsofthevariousversionschangeinsubtleandnotso
subtleways(suchaschangingthefont,orthehandlingofmorecomplextaskslikefootnotes).Formatting
createdinnewerversionsdoesnotalwayssurvivewhenviewedinolderversionsoftheprogram,nearlyalways
becausethatcapabilitydoesnotexistinthepreviousversion.[48]RichTextFormat(RTF),anearlyeffortto
createaformatforinterchangingformattedtextbetweenapplications,isanoptionalformatforWordthat
retainsmostformattingandallcontentoftheoriginaldocument.
Thirdpartyformats
PluginspermittingtheWindowsversionsofWordtoreadandwriteformatsitdoesnotnativelysupport,such
asinternationalstandardOpenDocumentformat(ODF)(ISO/IEC26300:2006),areavailable.Upuntilthe
releaseofServicePack2(SP2)forOffice2007,WorddidnotnativelysupportreadingorwritingODF
documentswithoutaplugin,namelytheSUNODFPlugin(http://www.sun.com/software/star/odf_plugin/get.js
p)ortheOpenXML/ODFTranslator(http://odfconverter.sourceforge.net/download.html).WithSP2installed,
ODFformat1.1documentscanbereadandsavedlikeanyothersupportedformatinadditiontothosealready
availableinWord2007.[48][49][50][51][52]Theimplementationfacessubstantialcriticism,andtheODFAlliance
andothershaveclaimedthatthethirdpartypluginsprovidebettersupport.[53]Microsoftlaterdeclaredthatthe
ODFsupporthassomelimitations.[54]
InOctober2005,oneyearbeforetheMicrosoftOffice2007suitewasreleased,Microsoftdeclaredthatthere
wasinsufficientdemandfromMicrosoftcustomersfortheinternationalstandardOpenDocumentformat
support,andthatthereforeitwouldnotbeincludedinMicrosoftOffice2007.Thisstatementwasrepeatedin
thefollowingmonths.[55][56][57][58]Asananswer,onOctober20,2005anonlinepetitionwascreatedtodemand
ODFsupportfromMicrosoft.[59]
InMay2006,theODFpluginforMicrosoftOfficewasreleasedbytheOpenDocumentFoundation.[60]
Microsoftdeclaredthatithadnorelationshipwiththedevelopersoftheplugin.[61]
InJuly2006,MicrosoftannouncedthecreationoftheOpenXMLTranslatorprojecttoolstobuildatechnical
bridgebetweentheMicrosoftOfficeOpenXMLFormatsandtheOpenDocumentFormat(ODF).Thiswork
wasstartedinresponsetogovernmentrequestsforinteroperabilitywithODF.Thegoalofprojectwasnotto
addODFsupporttoMicrosoftOffice,butonlytocreateapluginandanexternaltoolset.[62][63]InFebruary
2007,thisprojectreleasedafirstversionoftheODFpluginforMicrosoftWord.[64]
InFebruary2007,SunreleasedaninitialversionofitsODFpluginforMicrosoftOffice.[65]Version1.0was
releasedinJuly2007.[66]
MicrosoftWord2007(ServicePack1)supports(foroutputonly)PDFandXPSformats,butonlyaftermanual
installationoftheMicrosoft'SaveasPDForXPS'addon.[67][68]Onlaterreleases,thiswasofferedbydefault.
Imageformats
WordcanimportanddisplayimagesincommonbitmapformatssuchasJPGandGIF.Itcanalsobeusedto
createanddisplaysimplelineart.NoversionofMicrosoftWordhassupportforthecommonSVGvector
imageformat.
Featuresandflaws
Amongitsfeatures,Wordincludesabuiltinspellchecker,athesaurus,adictionary,andutilitiesfor
manipulatingandeditingtext.Thefollowingaresomeaspectsofitsfeatureset.
Templates
SeverallaterversionsofWordincludetheabilityforuserstocreatetheirownformattingtemplates,allowing
themtodefineafileinwhichthetitle,heading,paragraph,andotherelementdesignsthatareuniquefromthe
standardWordtemplates.UserscanfindhowtodothisundertheHelpsectionlocatednearthetoprightcorner
(Word2013onWindows8).
WordArt
WordArtenablesdrawingtextinaMicrosoftWorddocumentsuchasatitle,
watermark,orothertext,withgraphicaleffectssuchasskewing,shadowing,
rotating,stretchinginavarietyofshapesandcolorsandevenincludingthree
dimensionaleffects.Userscanapplyformattingeffectssuchasshadow,bevel,
glow,andreflectiontotheirdocumenttextaseasilyasapplyingboldor
underline.Userscanalsospellchecktextthatusesvisualeffects,andaddtext
effectstoparagraphstyles.
Macros
Anexampleimagecreated
AMacroisaruleofpatternthatspecifieshowacertaininputsequence(oftena withWordArt
sequenceofcharacters)shouldbemappedtoanoutputsequenceaccordingto
definedprocess.Frequentlyusedorrepetitivesequencesofkeystrokesandmousemovementscanbe
automated.LikeotherMicrosoftOfficedocuments,Wordfilescanincludeadvancedmacrosandeven
embeddedprograms.ThelanguagewasoriginallyWordBasic,butchangedtoVisualBasicforApplicationsas
ofWord97.
Thisextensivefunctionalitycanalsobeusedtorunandpropagatevirusesindocuments.Thetendencyfor
peopletoexchangeWorddocumentsviaemail,USBflashdrives,andfloppydisksmadethisanespecially
attractivevectorin1999.AprominentexamplewastheMelissavirus,butcountlessothershaveexisted.
ThesemacrovirusesweretheonlyknowncrossplatformthreatsbetweenWindowsandMacintoshcomputers
andtheyweretheonlyinfectionvectorstoaffectanymacOSsystemupuntiltheadventofvideocodectrojans
in2007.MicrosoftreleasedpatchesforWordXandWord2004thateffectivelyeliminatedthemacroproblem
ontheMacby2006.
Word'smacrosecuritysetting,whichregulateswhenmacrosmayexecute,canbeadjustedbytheuser,butin
themostrecentversionsofWord,issettoHIGHbydefault,generallyreducingtheriskfrommacrobased
viruses,whichhavebecomeuncommon.
Layoutissues
BeforeWord2010(Word14)forWindows,theprogramwasunabletocorrectlyhandleligaturesdefinedin
TrueTypefonts.[69]ThoseligatureglyphswithUnicodecodepointsmaybeinsertedmanually,butarenot
recognizedbyWordforwhattheyare,breakingspellchecking,whilecustomligaturespresentinthefontare
notaccessibleatall.SinceWord2010,theprogramnowhasadvancedtypesettingfeatureswhichcanbe
enabled:[70]OpenTypeligatures,[71]kerning,andhyphenation.OtherlayoutdeficienciesofWordincludethe
inabilitytosetcropmarksorthinspaces.Variousthirdpartyworkaroundutilitieshavebeendeveloped.[72]
InWord2004forMacOSX,supportofcomplexscriptswasinferioreventoWord97,[73]andWord2004does
notsupportAppleAdvancedTypographyfeatureslikeligaturesorglyphvariants.[74]
Bulletsandnumbering
MicrosoftWordsupportsbulletlistsandnumberedlists.Italsofeaturesanumberingsystemthathelpsadd
correctnumberstopages,chapters,headers,footnotes,andentriesoftablesofcontentthesenumbers
automaticallychangetocorrectonesasnewitemsareaddedorexistingitemsaredeleted.Bulletsand
numberingcanbeapplieddirectlytoparagraphsandconvertthemtolists.[75]Word97through2003,however,
hadproblemsaddingcorrectnumberstonumberedlists.Inparticular,asecondirrelevantnumberedlistmight
havenotstartedwithnumberone,butinsteadresumednumberingafterthelastnumberedlist.AlthoughWord
97supportedahiddenmarkerthatsaidthelistnumberingmustrestartafterwards,thecommandtoinsertthis
marker(RestartNumberingcommand)wasonlyaddedinWord2003.However,ifonecutthefirstitemofthe
listedandpasteditasanotheritem,e.g.fifth,therestartmarkerwouldhavemovedwithitandthelistwould
haverestartedinthemiddleinsteadofatthetop.[76]
UserscanalsocreatetablesinWord.Dependingontheversion,Wordcanperformsimplecalculations.
Formulaearesupportedaswell.
AutoSummarize
AutoSummarizehighlightspassagesorphrasesthatitconsidersvaluable.Theamountoftexttoberetainedcan
bespecifiedbytheuserasapercentageofthecurrentamountoftext.
AccordingtoRonFeinoftheWord97team,AutoSummarizecutswordycopytothebonebycountingwords
andrankingsentences.First,AutoSummarizeidentifiesthemostcommonwordsinthedocument(barring"a"
and"the"andthelike)andassignsa"score"toeachwordthemorefrequentlyawordisused,thehigherthe
score.Then,it"averages"eachsentencebyaddingthescoresofitswordsanddividingthesumbythenumber
ofwordsinthesentencethehighertheaverage,thehighertherankofthesentence."It'sliketheratioofwheat
tochaff,"explainsFein.[77]
AutoSummarizewasremovedfromMicrosoftWordforMacOSX2011,althoughitwaspresentinWordfor
Mac2008.AutoSummarizewasremovedfromtheOffice2010releaseversion(14)aswell.[78]
Passwordprotection
TherearethreepasswordtypesthatcanbesetinMicrosoftWord:
Passwordtoopenadocument[79]
Passwordtomodifyadocument[79]
Passwordrestrictingformattingandediting[80]
ThesecondandthethirdtypeofpasswordsweredevelopedbyMicrosoftforconvenientshareduseof
documentsratherthanfortheirprotection.Thereisnoencryptionofdocumentsthatareprotectedbysuch
passwords,andMicrosoftOfficeprotectionsystemsavesahashsumofapasswordinadocument'sheader
whereitcanbeeasilyaccessedandremovedbythespecializedsoftware.Passwordtoopenadocumentoffers
muchtougherprotectionthathadbeensteadilyenhancedinthesubsequenteditionsofMicrosoftOffice.
Word95andalltheprecedingeditionshadtheweakestprotectionthatutilizedaconversionofapasswordtoa
16bitkey.
KeylengthinWord97and2000wasstrengthenedupto40bit.However,moderncrackingsoftwareallows
removingsuchapasswordveryquicklyapersistentcrackingprocesstakesoneweekatmost.Useofrainbow
tablesreducespasswordremovaltimetoseveralseconds.Somepasswordrecoverysoftwarecannotonly
removeapassword,butalsofindanactualpasswordthatwasusedbyausertoencryptthedocumentusing
bruteforceattackapproach.Statistically,thepossibilityofrecoveringthepassworddependsonthepassword
strength.
Word's2003/XPversiondefaultprotectionremainedthesamebutanoptionthatallowedadvancedusers
choosingaCryptographicServiceProviderwasadded.[81]IfastrongCSPischosen,guaranteeddocument
decryptionbecomesunavailable,andthereforeapasswordcan'tberemovedfromthedocument.Nonetheless,a
passwordcanbefairlyquicklypickedwithbruteforceattack,becauseitsspeedisstillhighregardlessofthe
CSPselected.Moreover,sincetheCSPsarenotactivebythedefault,theiruseislimitedtoadvancedusers
only.
Word2007offersasignificantlymoresecuredocumentprotectionwhichutilizesthemodernAdvanced
EncryptionStandard(AES)thatconvertsapasswordtoa128bitkeyusingaSHA1hashfunction50000
times.Itmakespasswordremovalimpossible(asoftoday,nocomputerthatcanpickthekeyinreasonable
amountoftimeexists),anddrasticallyslowsthebruteforceattackspeeddowntoseveralhundredsof
passwordspersecond.
Word's2010protectionalgorithmwasnotchangedapartfromincreasingnumberofSHA1conversionsupto
100000times,andconsequently,thebruteforceattackspeeddecreasedtwotimesmore.
Reception
BYTEin1984criticizedthedocumentationforWord1.1and2.0forDOS,callingit"acompletefarce".It
calledthesoftware"clever,puttogetherwell,andperformssomeextraordinaryfeats",butconcludedthat
"especiallywhenoperatedwiththemouse,hasmanymorelimitationsthanbenefits...extremelyfrustratingto
learnandoperateefficiently".[82]PCMagazine'sreviewwasverymixed,stating"I'verunintoweirdword
processorsbefore,butthisisthefirsttimeone'snearlyknockedmedownforthecount"butacknowledgingthat
Word'sinnovationswerethefirstthatcausedthereviewertoconsiderabandoningWordStar.Whilethereview
citedanexcellentWYSIWYGdisplay,sophisticatedprintformatting,windows,andfootnotingasmerits,it
criticizedmanysmallflaws,veryslowperformance,and"documentationapparentlyproducedbyMadame
Sadie'sPainPalace".ItconcludedthatWordwas"tworeleasesawayfrompotentialgreatness".[83]
Compute!'sAppleApplicationsin1987statedthat"despiteacertainawkwardness",Word3.01"willlikely
becomethemajorMacintoshwordprocessor"with"fartoomanyfeaturestolisthere".Whilecriticizingthe
lackoftrueWYSIWYG,themagazineconcludedthat"Wordismarvelous.It'slikeaMozartorEdison,whose
occasionalgaucherieweexcusebecauseofhisgreatgifts".[84]
Releasehistory
Legend: Oldversion Olderversion,stillsupported Currentstableversion
MicrosoftWord2010runningon
Windows7
MicrosoftWordforWindowsreleasehistory
Year
Name Version Comments
Released
Wordfor
1989 Windows 1.0 CodenamedOpus
1.0
Wordfor
1990 Windows 1.1 ForWindows3.0.[85]CodenamedBilltheCat
1.1
Wordfor OnMarch25,2014MicrosoftmadethesourcecodetoWordforWindows1.1a
1990 Windows 1.1a
availabletothepublicviatheComputerHistoryMuseum.[86][87]
1.1a
Wordfor
1991 Windows 2.0 CodenamedSpacemanSpiff.IncludedinOffice3.0.
2.0
CodenamedT3(renumbered6tobringWindowsversionnumberinginline
Wordfor
withthatofDOSversion,MacOSversionandalsoWordPerfect,themain
1993 Windows 6.0
competingwordprocessoratthetimealsoa32bitversionforWindowsNT
6.0
only).IncludedinOffice4.0,4.2,and4.3.
Wordfor
1995 Windows 7.0 IncludedinOffice95
95
1997 Word97 8.0 IncludedinOffice97
OnlysoldaspartofOffice97PoweredByWord98,whichwasonlyavailable
1998 Word98 8.5
inJapanandKorea.
Word
1999 9.0 IncludedinOffice2000
2000
Word
2001 10.0 IncludedinOfficeXP
2002
Office
2003 Word 11.0 IncludedinOffice2003
2003
Office IncludedinOffice2007releasedtobusinessesonNovember30,2006,released
2006 Word 12.0 worldwidetoconsumersonJanuary30,2007.ExtendedsupportuntilOctober
2007 10,2017.
Word
2010
Word
2013
Word
2016
MicrosoftWordforclassicMacOSandmacOSreleasehistory
Year
Name Version Comments
Released
Word
1985 1.0
1
Word
1987 3.0
3
Word
1989 4.0 PartofOffice1.0and1.5
4
PartofOffice3.0
Word RequiresSystem6.0.2,512KBofRAM(1MBfor5.1,2MBtousespell
1991 5.0
5
checkandthesaurus),6.5MBavailableharddrivespace[16]
Word PartofOffice3.0
1992 5.1
5.1 Lastversiontosupport68000basedMacs[16]
PartofOffice4.2
Word SharescodeanduserinterfacewithWordforWindows6
1993 6.0
6 RequiresSystem7.0,4MBofRAM(8MBrecommended),atleast10MB
availableharddrivespace,68020CPU[16]
PartofOffice98MacintoshEdition
Word
1998 8.5 RequiresPowerPCbasedMacintosh
98
RenumberedalongsidecontemporaryWindowsversion
Word PartofMicrosoftOffice2001
2000 9.0
2001 LastversioncompatiblewithClassicMacOS(MacOS9orearlier)
Word PartofOfficev.X
2001 10.0
v.X FirstversionforMacOSXonly
Word
2004 11.0 PartofOffice2004
2004
Word
2008 12.0 PartofOffice2008
2008
Word
2010 14.0 PartofOffice2011.AswiththeWindowsversion,13wassuperstitiouslyskipped.
2011
Word
2015 16.0 PartofOffice2016.AgainrenumberedalongsidetheWindowsversion.
2016
WordforMSDOSreleasehistory
Yearreleased Name Version Comments
1983 Word1 1.0 InitialversionofWord
1985 Word2 2.0
1986 Word3 3.0
1987 Word4 4.0
1989 Word5 5.0
1991 Word5.1 5.1
1991 Word5.5 5.5 FirstDOSversiontouseaWindowslikeuserinterface
1993 Word6 6.0 LastDOSversion.
Wordreleasehistoryonotherplatforms
Year
Platform Name Comments
released
AtariST 1988 MicrosoftWrite BasedonMicrosoftWord1.05forMacOS
Word5.0ranbothunderDOSandunderOS/2dual
OS/2 1989 MicrosoftWord5.0
modeasanativeOS/2application
Word5.5ranbothunderDOSandunderOS/2dual
OS/2 1991 MicrosoftWord5.5
modeasanativeOS/2application
MicrosoftWordforOS/2
OS/2 1990
PresentationManagerversion1.1
MicrosoftWordforOS/2
OS/2 1991
PresentationManagerversion1.2
SCO 1994 MicrosoftWordforUnixversion
Unix 1995 5.1
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Furtherreading
Tsang,Cheryl.Microsoft:FirstGeneration.NewYork:JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.ISBN978047133206
0.
Liebowitz,StanJ.&Margolis,StephenE.Winners,Losers&Microsoft:CompetitionandAntitrustin
HighTechnologyOakland:IndependentInstitute.ISBN9780945999805.
Externallinks
MediarelatedtoMicrosoftWordatWikimediaCommons
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Officialwebsite(https://products.office.com/word/)
resourcesaboutMicrosoft
MicrosoftWord1.0forMacintoshscreenshots(http://www.knubb Office/Word
elmac.de/bildschau.html?basis=msword1)
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