Danielle Valerie A.

Tabel Rehab Sci (10:30-12:00) May 11, 2017

1. Brief History of Speech-language pathology and Respiratory Therapy

A. Speech-language pathology

Speech-language pathology has its roots in elocution (speech perfection) stemming from the 18th
century in England. In the United States, an emphasis on elocution continued but quickly shifted to
a focus on communication disorders with the publication of a book by Samuel Potter, MD, which
describes several types of speech and language disorders. Speech production continued to be the
focus in the field, however, and the American Academy of Speech Correction was established in
1926.

Many WWII soldiers returned with brain injury resulting in a dramatic increase in persons with
aphasia. During the 1940s and 50s, speech-language pathology researchers and practitioners
began to focus more on mentalism or brain processing abilities. Also during this time, brain
studies, technological advances, and development of standardized testing procedures gave rise to
more useful receptive and expressive language assessment and treatment techniques. The field of
speech pathology became speech-language pathology during this time.

During the 1960s through the 80s, advances in linguistic studies further enhanced the speech-
language pathologists understanding and ability to treat a variety of language delays and disorders
in persons of any age. In the 21st century, speechlanguage pathologists have begun to research
and treat the pragmatic use of language along with the other areas of communication disorders,
which have been addressed as the profession continues to develop in the United States.

(In the Philippines)

Dr. Guillermo Damian
First dean of the School of Allied Medical Professions
He recommended to the UP Board of Regents the creation of a new undergraduate program
that would lead to a degree in Bachelors in Science in Speech Pathology and Audiology.
Dr. Francisco Nemenzo
Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences in UP Diliman
Proposed the creation of a new undergraduate program AB Communicative Disorders offered
by the Department of Speech Communication and Theatre Arts.
The 4 year undergraduate course of Bachelor of Science in Speech Pathology in the School of
Allied Medical Professions, UP Manila was approved.
Professor Rosella de Jesus-Sutadisastra
Graduated at the University of Hawaii with a degree in Speech Language Pathology.
One of the first Filipino SLPs to be registered in the United States.
Single handedly developed the 4 year BS Speech Pathology Curriculum which was patterned
to the program of the University of Hawaii.
Kathleen Bohigheimer and Kathleen A. Quigley, volunteers of the Peace Corps of the United
States, helped in implementing the program.
Mrs. Ela G. Silva
became the second chairperson of the department.
Obtained her degree in Speech Correction in the University of Arizona.
First recognized as a Speech Correctionist in the Philippines in the 60s and 70s.
(1982) Ms. Maria Teresa Castillo became the first lone graduate of BS Speech Pathology.

(1989)15 students completed the program, making it the biggest class.

B. Respiratory Therapy
July 13, 1946: Dr. Levines students and other interested doctors, nurses, and oxygen orderlies meet
at the University of Chicago Hospital to form the Inhalation Therapy Association (ITA).

April 15, 1947: The ITA is formally chartered as a not-for-profit entity in the state of Illinois. The new
Association boasts 59 members, 17 of whom are from various religious orders.

1947: Albert Andrews, MD, outlines the structure and purpose of a hospital-based inhalation therapy
department in his book, Manual of Oxygen Therapy Techniques.
1950: The New York Academy of Medicine publishes a report, Standard of Effective Administration
of Inhalation Therapy, setting the stage for formal education for people in the field.
March 16, 1954: The ITA is renamed the American Association of Inhalation Therapists (AAIT). In
February 1966, it was again renamed the American Association for Inhalation Therapy (still, AAIT).

May 11, 1954: The New York State Society of Anesthesiologists and the Medical Society of the State
of New York form a Special Joint Committee in Inhalation Therapy to establish the essentials of
acceptable schools of inhalation therapy.

November 7-11, 1955: The AAIT holds its first annual meeting (now the AARC International
Respiratory Congress) at the Hotel St. Clair in Chicago.

June 1956: The American Medical Association (AMA) House of Delegates adopts a resolution calling
for the use of the New York Essentials in the creation of schools of inhalation therapy.

1956: The AAIT begins publishing a science journal, Inhalation Therapy (now RESPIRATORY CARE).

October 1957: The AAIT, AMA, American College of Chest Physicians, and American Society of
Anesthesiologists jointly adopt the Essentials for an Approved School of Inhalation Therapy
Technicians; the Essentials begin a three year trial period.

1960: The American Registry of Inhalation Therapists (ARIT) is formed to oversee a new
examination leading to a formal credential for people in the field.

November 18, 1960: The ARIT administers the first Registry exams in Minneapolis.

December 1962: The AMA House of Delegates grants formal approval for the Essentials for an
Approved School of Inhalation Therapy Technicians.

October 8, 1963: The Board of Schools of Inhalation Therapy Technicians is formed in Chicago.

1966: The Association hosts an Education Forum, the precursor to the Summer Forum, the AARCs
premiere mid-year meeting for managers and educators in the profession; the Association
undergoes a third name change, from the American Association of Inhalation Therapists to the
American Association for Inhalation Therapy.

1969: The AAIT launches the Technician Certification Program to offer a credential to people working
in the field who do not qualify to take the Registry exams.

January 9, 1970: The Board of Schools of Inhalation Therapy Technicians becomes the Joint Review
Committee for Respiratory Therapy Education (JRCRTE).

1973: The AAIT becomes the American Association for Respiratory Therapy (AART).

1974: The professions two credentialing programs merge into the National Board for Respiratory
Therapy (NBRT); the AAIT forms the American Respiratory Therapy Foundation (ARTF) to support
research, education, and charitable activities in the profession.

1982: California passes the first modern licensure law governing the profession of respiratory care;
President Ronald Reagan proclaims the first National Respiratory Care Week .

1986: The AART becomes the American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC); the ARTF becomes
the American Respiratory Care Foundation (ARCF); the NBRT becomes the National Board for
Respiratory Care (NBRC).

1990: The AARC begins developing Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) for treatments and modalities
common in the field; the ARCF launches an International Fellowship Program to bring health care
professionals from around the world to the U.S. every year to tour health care facilities in two cites
and then attend the AARC International Respiratory Congress.

1998: The JRCRTE evolves into the Committee on Accreditation for Respiratory Care (CoARC).
2000: RESPIRATORY CARE journal is accepted into Index Medicus, the principal bibliographic
database of the National Library of Medicine and its online counterpart, the MEDLINE service.

2003: The AARC launches Lung Health Day to promote better lung health to consumers. The Day
takes place every year on the Wednesday during National Respiratory Care Week.
2004: Vermont becomes the 48th state to pass a licensure or other legal credentialing law
governing the profession of respiratory care, effectively bringing legal credentialing to all 48
contiguous states; the AARC celebrates its 50th Anniversary at the International Respiratory
Congress in New Orleans, LA.

(In the Philippines)

Since the early 1980s, Filipino Respiratory Therapists became the third expatriate and the
first Asian trained respiratory care practitioners to be hired in Saudi Arabia. Fast forward in June 23,
2015, the Philippine Society for the Advancement of Respiratory Therapy-Saudi Arabia (PSART-SA)
Founding Executive Society Officers was inducted by POLO-ERO Labor Attach Alejandro Padaen at
Al Dossary Hospital, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia. The first Filipino Respiratory Therapist professional
organization was born and became the 12th member of the Philippine Professional Organization-
Saudi Arabia 2015 Council headed by its President, Arch Liyo Cefre.
On November 12, 2015, the founding officers visited Riyadh for a meeting organized by Mr.
Dwight Gabriel and Mr. Roderick Perdon together with Pinoy respiratory Therapists from various
hospitals. The meeting was fruitful one, and on March 17, 2016 the first chapter, the Philippine
Society for the Advancement of Respiratory Therapy-Saudi Arabia Central Region Chapter was
inducted at to the POLO-CRO in a joint induction ceremony of the Philippine Professional
Organizations-Central Region Saudi Arabia (PPO-CRSA). Mr. Roderick Perdon was elected to be the
first Chapter President of PSART-Sa-CRC.
And then, on May Philippine Society for the Advancement of Respiratory Therapy-Saudi
Arabia Western Region Chapter was created with the joint effort of Mr. Sonny Castillo, Mr RenneL
Escondo, Mr Reymund Revesencio, Ms Ma. Jinnabeth Cardano, Ms Imelda Pedida, Ms Jinky Esteban,
Ms Sheryl Dulaila and other fellow Respiratory therapists. And they made Mr. Sonny Castillo as the
Appointed President for the PSART-SA-WRC. The PSART-SA-WRC was fully recognized by the PPO-
WRSA on 27th of June 2016.
With the motto, One Voice, One Vision for the future of the Filipino Respiratory Therapists
the organization aspires to unite the Filipino Respiratory Therapists in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

2. Roles and Responsibilities of a Speech language Pathologist and a Respiratory

Therapist
Speech language Pathologist
Evaluate and diagnose speech, language,
cognitive-communication and swallowing
disorders. A variety of qualitative and
quantitative assessment methods are utilized
including standardized tests, and other special
instruments, in order to analyze and diagnose
the nature and extent of speech, language and
other impairments.
Treat speech, language, cognitive-
communication and swallowing disorders in
individuals of all levels, from infancy to the
elderly, utilizing an individualized plan with
both long-term goals and short-term goals
established for each individuals needs.
Clinical services may be provided individually
or within groups, depending upon the work site
and individuals diagnosis and needs.
Respiratory Therapist
Helps patient accomplish treatment plan
and supports life by administering inhalants;
operating mechanical ventilators, therapeutic
gas administration apparatus, environmental
control systems, and aerosol generators.
Administers respiratory therapy treatments
by performing bronchopulmonary drainage;
assisting with breathing exercises; monitoring
physiological responses to therapy, such as
vital signs, arterial blood gases, and blood
chemistry changes; directing treatments given
by aides, technicians and assistants.
Evaluates effects of respiratory therapy
treatment plan by observing, noting, and
evaluating patient's progress; recommending
adjustments and modifications.

3. Work Settings of a Speech language Pathologist and a Respiratory Therapist

Speech language Pathologist Respiratory Therapist
 Public and private schools
Hospitals Acute care hospitals (where about 75% of
Rehabilitation centers respiratory therapists are employed)
Short-term and long-term care facilities
Colleges or universities
Diagnostic laboratories
Private practice offices
State and local health departments
State and governmental agencies Sleep disorder centers
Home health agencies
Adult day care centers/Centers for Rehabilitation, long-term acute care and
developmental disabilities skilled nursing facilities
Research laboratories
Patients homes

Patient transport systems

Physicians offices

Convalescent and retirement centers

Educational institutions

Wellness centers