Migration definition from Spain

Escola Pia Igualada

1. What is migration?
It's the movement of people from one place in
the world to another to take up permanent or
semi-permanent residence
Scales of migration:

Intercontinental (between continents)

Intra continental (between countries in the
same continent)
Interregional (within countries)
Rural to urban (movement of people from the
countryside to cities)

2. There are different types of migration:

Internal Migration: moving to a new home

within a state, country, or continent.
External Migration: moving to a new home in
a different state, country, or continent.
Emigration
Immigration
Population Transfer: When a government
forces a large group of people out of a region,
based on ethnicity or religion. Its also known as
involuntary or forced migration.
 Impelled Migration: People are not forced out
of their country but leave because of
unfavorable situations.
Step Migration: A series of short, less extreme
migrations from an origin to a final destination,
like moving from a village, to a town and finally
to a city.
Chain Migration: It often begins with one
family member who sends money to bring other
family members to the new location

3. Why do people migrate?

Mostly it's because of these factors:

Environmental (climate, natural disasters)

Political (war)
Economic (work)
Cultural (religious freedom, education)

4. Emigration
It's an act of migration across national
boundaries. It's act of leaving one's native
country with the intent to settle elsewhere.
Push Factors: reasons for emigrating because of a
difficulty. Examples:

War
Poverty
Work
...
5. Immigration
 It's the movement of people into a destination
country to which they are not native in order to
settle or reside there.
Pull Factors: reasons for immigration because of
something desirable. Examples:

Nicer climate
Freedom
Working offers
...

6. Laws of migration
E.G. Ravenstein developed a series of migration
'laws' in the 1880s.

Most migrants travel only a short distance.

Migrants traveling long distances usually settle
in urban areas.
Most migration occurs in steps.
Most migration is rural to urban.
Each migration flow produces a movement in
the opposite direction.
Most migrants are adults.
Most international migrants are young males,
while more internal migrants are female.

7. Impacts of migration
As people move, their culture diffuses along with
them, creating and modifying cultural landscapes.
 Diffusion: Certain characteristics such as
cultural traits and ideas spread over space and
through time.
Relocation Diffusion: Ideas, cultural traits,
etc. that move from one place to another and
do not remain in the point of origin.
Expansion Diffusion: Ideas, cultural traits,
etc. that move with people from one place to
another but are not lost at the point of origin
(example: language)
Cultural markers: Structures that reflect the
cultures of those who constructed or occupy
them.