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Table of Contents
Introduction to the Secretariat ......................................................................................................... 4
Committee Directors ................................................................................................................... 4
Legal Secretary ............................................................................................................................ 5
Assistant Committee Director ..................................................................................................... 5
Building Synergies and Partnerships for Sustainable Development............................................... 6
MDGs and the Post 2015 agenda ................................................................................................ 6
Environment.................................................................................................................................... 8
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 8
International Framework on Environmental Protection .............................................................. 9
Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) .................................................................... 10
UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol and the Copenhagen Summit ......................................................... 10
Law of the Sea ........................................................................................................................... 11
Rio Summit, MDGs and Move towards a Sustainable Future .................................................. 12
Sustainable Development Summit 2015 ....................................................................................... 13
Future Prospects ........................................................................................................................ 13
Economic Infrastructure................................................................................................................ 15
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 15
Facts and Figures....................................................................................................................... 16
Past Actions ............................................................................................................................... 16
UNEP Green Stimulus ........................................................................................................... 18
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) ...................................... 18
United Nations Environment Program Finance Initiative ......................................................... 18
Global Compact......................................................................................................................... 19
Future Prospects ........................................................................................................................ 19
The future of Green Economy ................................................................................................... 19
Sustainable Energy for All initiative ......................................................................................... 20
Resource Allocation Mechanism .............................................................................................. 20
Health and Education .................................................................................................................... 21
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 21
Historical background ............................................................................................................... 22

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 The African Region ................................................................................................................... 22
Past International Actions ......................................................................................................... 23
Rio 20+ Conference .................................................................................................................. 23
World Health Organization (WHO) .......................................................................................... 24
The Food Crisis ......................................................................................................................... 24
Education................................................................................................................................... 25
UNESCOs Education for All (EFA) ........................................................................................ 26
Timeline: Actions to tackle poverty .......................................................................................... 26
Future Prospects ........................................................................................................................ 27
Sustainable Development 2015: The way forward: .................................................................. 28
Justice and equality ....................................................................................................................... 28
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 28
Past Initiative ............................................................................................................................. 30
The United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs ............................................ 30
The United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries,
Landlocked Developing Countries and the Small Island Developing States ............................ 30
Future Prospects ........................................................................................................................ 31
The He for She Campaign ...................................................................................................... 31
United Nations Sustainable Development Summit 2015 .......................................................... 31
GOAL 17: Partnership for the Goals ......................................................................................... 32
ASEAN ..................................................................................................................................... 32
OECD ........................................................................................................................................ 32
KYOTO PROTOCOL ............................................................................................................... 33
RIO+20 ...................................................................................................................................... 33
Monitoring the Progress and Success of the 2030 Agenda........................................................... 33
What is the purpose of indicators for Sustainable Development Goals? .................................. 34
Who are the indicators for? Can businesses use them? ............................................................. 34
What are the main lessons from the MDG Indicators and monitoring of the MDGs? ............. 34
What can be done differently this time? How can SDG monitoring be better than monitoring of
the MDGs? ................................................................................................................................ 34
Topic Summary............................................................................................................................. 35
Questions a resolution must answer:............................................................................................. 36
References ..................................................................................................................................... 36

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Introduction
to
the
Secretariat
Committee
Directors
Welcome to the Seventh edition of MUNIK. My name is
Muneeb Ahmed and I will be serving as your committee
director. I am currently pursuing a degree in Social
sciences and majoring in Political sciences. I am heading
into my third year at IBA, and have the rare honor of
heading this committee with my fellow colleague Omer
Farooq. Well, about my past experience in terms of MUNs
is quite extensive. I have won both domestic and
international awards at various MUNs. However, this
conference is much more about you delegates than me.
Therefore, I will keep the introduction as simple as that.My
expectations from delegates this year are quite high. The
simple fact of this is that the United Nations has made
major breakthroughs by setting up the 2030 agenda. Also,
we recently had the climate conference in Paris where
much has been discussed in terms of where UN wants to
head in the future. Therefore, my simple advice to you is
that keep up to date in terms of the developments, as this
committee requires a global strategy to muster all goals
together. In order to prepare well you will need to go
beyond the study guide and come up with innovative
solutions. Thus, your preparation will manifest in the
shape of arguments which you will make and I am eagerly
waiting to hear you guys.
It gives me great pride to be a Committee Director for the
Sustainable Development Summit at MUNIK VII. I am a
Computer Science major with an appetite for debating,
MUNs and public speaking in general. I believe that in
order to escape the malicious social ills plaguing our
country, we must arm ourselves with the power of
dialogue and develop a truly global perspective when it
comes to solving our domestic dilemmas. In this regard I
think MUNs and MUNIK in particular are equipping
Pakistanis with the skills necessary to become global
change agents with an international outlook. In the MUNs
that I have attended I have participated in all sorts of
committees from Security Council to Greenpeace and
have also had some experience participating in and
chairing Turkish MUNs. In this summit I expect each
delegate to be well versed with the rules of procedures, be
proficient at formulating arguments and debating with
coherence and concrete evidence and most importantly to
have had thoroughly researched the topic beyond the
scope of the study guides. I believe that Sustainable
Development Summit is one of the most important
committees at MUNIK because the global goals were very
recently finalized and strategy on their implementation is
still being formulated. Thus debating on viable solutions
will be the goal of this committee. Hope to see you soon
and good luck
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Legal Secretary
Bonjour!
With great honor, I am the Legal Secretary for the UN
Summit for Sustainable Development. Being associated
to four MUNs in the past, I anticipate the best of the best
at MUNIK VII. MUNs I believe, are the perfect platform to
exercise potential for general debating on issues of
worldly significance and hence, groom our potential as
young enlightened politicians of tomorrow. When we go
into depth of topics that evoke international outcries, only
then do our minds ponder beyond our monotonous lives.
We are able to take more rational stances when we have
proper knowledge of the issues and hence, can combat
problems through a more harmonious approach to
develop a peaceful coexistence of the world community.
The United Nations Summit for Sustainable
Development is the committee that holds greatest
objective importance for every other committee as the
global goals of 2030 seek root from here and they are
the UN's main pursuit. Looking forward to meeting all
you delegates soon and hoping for a zealous and
productive committee session ahead. Cheers!

Assistant Committee Director

Hello everyone and welcome to MUNIK VII! My name

is Hussain Hatimi and Ill have the privilege to serve
as the Assistant Committee Director for United
Nations Sustainable Development Summit. Currently
studying at IBA, I have been doing MUNs since high
school and this is my fifth year of being involved with
such conferences. So MUNs have been a huge part
of my life, right from when I started as a delegate
during my final year of O Levels all the way up to
being a member of the committee dais in the coming
edition of MUNIK.
This committee will be the key for a successful
MUNIK as the theme of this years conference will be
the 17 Global Goals set by the UN Sustainable
Development Summit in September 2015. I hope to
bring rich substance, provoking questions and
meaningful debate to the committee.
I look forward to discussing about how to achieve
these Global Goals by 2030 sustainably and leaving
no one behind.
I look forward to seeing you all in January!

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Building Synergies and 2000, 189 United Nations member states
pledged to focus their efforts to achieve the
Partnerships for Sustainable 8 Millennium Development Goals which
Development focused on eradicating poverty and hunger;
achieving universal primary education;
promoting gender equality; reducing child
mortality; improving maternal health;
This year at MUNIK VII, the Sustainable
combatting communicable diseases;
Development Summit will work towards the
ensuring environmental sustainability and
assessment of the global efforts towards
developing a global partnership for peace.
international development plans in the past
The deadline set to achieve these goals was
decade and through meticulous critical
2015 and while some countries made great
analysis of past policies draft a policy
strides in development others failed to
framework of sorts which aims to achieve
significantly achieve any of the goals. The
the major targets outlined by the 17
Table attached on the next page concisely
Sustainable Development Goals in an
outlines the progress, or lack thereof, of all
efficient and practical scope. In this
the 8 goals in different areas around the
endeavor, it is the delegates responsibility
world.
to emphasize, establish and ensure the
implementation of all the development goals
while creating vital partnerships and
networks between governments to ensure
long lasting cooperation on development. It
is essential that delegates not only propose
viable solutions to tackle the 169 targets, but
do so in a manner conducive to the
establishment of synergy between all
stakeholders as only perpetual collaboration
on a global scale can accomplish the
ambitious vision of the Sustainable
Development Goals. The concept of
partnerships for development also endorses
the core theme of MUNIK which is to leave
no one behind. In an effort to collaborate in
ridding the world of the various economic,
environmental and social ills and develop
strategy to implement the global goals, we
strive to take the entire world forward in our
stride towards progress by leaving no one
behind.

MDGs and the Post 2015 agenda

Following the adoption of the Millennium
Declaration at the Millennium Summit in
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7|Page
Delegates can use this data to prioritize
which of the sustainable goals to focus on
keeping the socio economic conditions of
their country in mind. In fact a prudent
delegate would prioritize those goals and
targets which his/her country has failed to
substantially achieve till now and this is
mainly where delegates might find
contention between themselves. Thus it
would be expected of the delegates to have
thoroughly researched their particular efforts
and successes regarding the MDGs.
Data suggests that the world is currently on
track with three of the eight MDGs namely
goals 1, 3 and 7. (Progress, Prospects and
Lessons from the MDGs) Although great
efforts have been made for specific goals
especially by countries like China and India,
progress has more or less been uneven and
as 2015 loomed close, the stakeholders of
the MDGs realized the importance of a post
2015 agenda. In 2012, a "UN System Task
Team on the Post-2015 UN Development
Agenda" was established which brought
together UN organs and international
organizations to discuss sustainable
development. This consultation process
involved various environmental agencies,
think tanks, intergovernmental agencies and
academia and was involved in delineating
the future of development. In July 2014, the
UN General Assemblys Open Working
Group on Sustainable Development Goals
proposed 17 goals with 169 targets to the
assembly. These goals are much broader in
scope than the MDGs and give stand-alone
focus to issues such as building sustainable
cities, protecting oceans and forests and
improving equality and justice. This
proposal was accepted and
intergovernmental negotiations on the SDGs
began in January 2015 and finally concluded
in the UN Sustainable Development Summit
of 25-27 September 2015 where the 17
SDGs were adopted officially in a document
called Transforming our world: the 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development in the
United Nations Resolution A/RES/70/1.
Delegates are expected to have read and
understood this document as it will provide
them a road map for discussion. For the
purpose of this committee we have decided
not to include separate descriptions of each
of the 17 goals and their targets rather we
have categorized all the goals into two major
groups and two minor groups, with each
group containing goals of similar focus.
Since the key objective of the Sustainable
Development Summit at MUNIK VII is to
create synergies and partnerships for
development, debate will not be restricted to
certain goals nor would it encompass
discussion on each of them separately. The
expectation of the directors is that delegates
will stick to the categorized groups in this
guide and debate on making collaborative
and solution based policy for those groups
of goals rather than on each goal themselves.
The four categories are i. Environment, ii.
Economic Infrastructure, iii. Health and
Education, iv. Justice and Equality
Environment
Introduction
The global environment movement, begun
centuries ago in response to the side effects
of industrialization. As the concern about
the healthy and sustainable use of the planet
grew, so did the need to develop a strategy
to counter these concerns. The UN
Sustainable Summit 2015 came up with the
following goals which addressed climate
change and environmental protection: Goal
7: Clean Energy, Goal 12: Responsible
Consumption and Production, Goal 13:
8|Page
Climate Action, Goal 14: Life Below Water
and Goal 15: Life on Land
The first landmark event which addressed
the need to move forward sustainably was
the United Nations Conference on the
Human Environment, held in Stockholm in
1972 with the agenda of, To defend and
improve the human environment for present
and future generations has become an
imperative goal mankind. (United Nations,
1972) The momentum of the conference was
carried forward to the end of 1972 with the
establishment of the United Nations
Environment Program (UNEP) with the
mission, To provide leadership and
encourage partnership in caring for the
environment by inspiring, informing, and
enabling nations and peoples to improve
their quality of life without compromising
that of future generations. (About: UNEP,
n.d.) At the 1980 World Conservation
Strategy, a Commission was created to
address growing concerns over the
accelerating deterioration of the human
environment and natural resources and the
consequences of that deterioration for
economic and social development.
(Drexhage & Murphy, 2010) Four years
later, this Commission would produce the
Framework
on
Brundtland Report, which provided an
Protection
alarming diagnosis of the state of the
environment. (Drexhage & Murphy, 2010)
The Brundtland Report also named Our
Common Future (A/42/427), created by the
World Commission on Environment and
Development (WCED) and submitted to the
United Nations (UN) General Assembly
(GA), defined the concept of sustainable
development for the first time. In essence,
sustainable development is a process of
change in which the exploitation of
resources, the direction of investments, the
orientation of technological development,
and institutional change are all in harmony
and enhance both current and future
potential to meet human needs and
aspirations. (UN General Assembly, 1978)
The environment has become a prominent,
but complex and multi-dimensional policy
agenda for states and international
community. There has been a growing
realization among the global community and
multilateral institutions that it is impossible
to separate economic development issues
from environment issues. Recent research
indicate that many forms of development
have a negative effect on the surrounding
environment and erode resources, and over
time environmental degradation can
undermine economic development. The
prevalence of poverty can be seen as major
cause and effect of global environmental
problems. Over the past few decades, life-
threatening environmental concerns have
begun to surface in the developing world.
(Report of the World Commission on
Environment and Development: Our
Common Future)
International
Environmental
The Post-15 Agenda decided by the UN
Sustainable Development Summit calls for
environmental protection on a global and
national level. Environmental protection
stands for the protection of the environment
on individual, organizational or
governmental levels for the benefit of the
natural environment and humans. It refers to
any activity that maintains or restores the
quality of environmental media through
preventing the emission of pollutants or
reducing the presence of polluting
substances in environmental media.
9|Page
Environmental protection leads to change in
characteristics of goods and services,
changes in consumption patterns, changes in
production techniques, treatment or disposal
of residuals in separate environmental
protection facilities, recycling, and
prevention of degradation of the landscape
and ecosystems. (Glossary of Environment
Statistics)
In 1992, more than a hundred international
officials met in Rio de Janerio for the UN
Conference on Environmental Development
(UNCED), also called the Earth Summit.
The attendance of such a huge number of
head of states marked a monumental
occasion and indicated the rise of awareness
Kyoto
Protocol
and
the
of sustainable development and
Summit
environmental protection since the first
conference in Stockholm, two decades ago.
(Talib, 1997) The Rio Declaration, a
political declaration of principles on
environment and development, and the
Agenda 21, a 40-chapter framework for
implementing sustainable development, are
the two main documents agreed on at the
Earth Summit. To ensure full support for
the goals of Agenda 21, the General
Assembly in 1992 established the
Commission on Sustainable Development,
as a functional commission of the Economic
and Social Council. The Earth Summit also
led to the adoption of the UN Convention on
Biological Diversity (1992) and the UN
Convention to Combat Desertification in
Countries Experiencing Serious Drought
and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa
(1994). (Global Issues: Environment, n.d.)
Commission
on
Sustainable
The biggest flaw in the treaty was not to
Development
(CSD)
include the developing countries which now
The commission was established by the UN
General Assembly and its main purpose was
to monitor the progress in the
implementation of Agenda 21 and review
the progress of the commitments which were
made in the Agenda 21 including the
provision of financial resources and transfer
of technology. Representatives of various
parts of the UN system and other
intergovernmental organizations, including
international financial institutions and
regional development banks, are enjoined to
assist and advise the commission in the
performance of its functions and participate
actively in its deliberations. (Institutional
framework for sustainable development,
n.d.)
UNFCCC,
Copenhagen
Another important environmental treaty
negotiated at the Earth Summit was the
United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC). The objective
of the treaty being, stabilize greenhouse gas
concentrations in the atmosphere at a level
that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic
interference with the climate system.
Environmental degradation was first
categorized as a problem only for rich
countries because it was linked as a side
effect of industrial wealth. UNFCC mainly
stated to monitor the consumption of Carbon
Dioxide (CO2) in industrialized countries
and establish inventories of Green House
Gases (GHGs) emissions and removal.
Though UNFCCC is widely regarded as the
benchmark treaty to deal with climate
change (due to its virtually universal
membership) it has faced a lot of criticism.
rank amongst the highest emitters of CO2.
Furthermore it failed to achieve its stated
goals of reducing emission of CO2 which is
10 | P a g e
a reason as to why the United States still
refuses to ratify UNFCCC.
As the emission rate in 2000 was not
considered to be stabilized compared to the
emission rate in 1990, so further discussions
and conferences led to the Kyoto Protocol.
The Kyoto Protocol extended the UNFCCC
and aimed to reduce emission and increase
absorption of GHGs. It also set emissions
targets for developed countries which are
binding under international law.
At the 15th meeting of the UNFCCC and 5th
of
the
Sea
meeting of the Kyoto Protocol, officials
arrived in Copenhagen to address and solve
the issue of climate change. While
negotiators made considerable progress in
the first week, reducing the length of draft
texts, they were unable to resolve core
deadlock issues. Ministers therefore arrived
for the second week to find considerable
gaps still existing between parties. Any
progress by the developed countries was
seen by the developing countries as a way to
circumvent the party-driven process of the
negotiations and led to more delay and
distrust. Finally US president Obama was
able to broker a deal with China, India,
Brazil and South Africa (BASIC group) on
a Copenhagen Accord. Endorsement (often
reluctant) from other countries followed,
however, consensus was not achieved with a
small but vocal group of countries failing to
concur with the terms. (A CLIMATE
GROUP ASSESSMENT, 2010)
The most controversial terms of the
Copenhagen Accord were to limit
temperature rise to 2 C but contained no
commitments to emissions reduction to
achieve this goal. On the other hand, many
of the developing and African countries
wanted deeper emissions cut to hold the
temperature rise to 1.5 C. This led the
developing countries to see it as an attempt
by the rich world to wriggle out of its
responsibility for climate change.
Furthermore, some blamed the US for
coming only to offer 4% emissions cut. On
the other side, Obama labeled the
developing countries as having a poor
mindset. (Vidal, Stratton, & Goldenberg,
2009)
Law
The United Nations has long been at the
forefront of efforts to ensure the peaceful,
cooperative, legally defined uses of the seas
and oceans for the individual and common
benefit of humankind. Its groundbreaking
work in adopting the 1982 Law of the Sea
Convention stands as a defining moment in
the extension of international law to the vast,
shared water resources of our planet. The
United Nations Office of Legal Affairs,
through its Division of Ocean Affairs and
the Law of the Sea, plays a major role in
supporting those efforts. The International
Maritime Organization (IMO) has developed
and/or administers a wide range of treaties,
focusing, in particular, on preventing the
pollution of the oceans and seas. These
include the landmark International
Convention for the Prevention of Pollution
from Ships of 1973 and the 1954
International Convention for the Prevention
of Pollution of the Sea by Oil (the OILPOL
Convention). (Oceans and the Law of the
Sea, n.d.)
And in the years since the adoption of the
Law of the Sea Convention, additional
agreements have been adopted, to further
expand the legal regime governing the
oceans and seas. Among these is the 1995
11 | P a g e
United Nations Agreement on Straddling
Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish
Stocks, which provides a regime for the
conservation and management of these
stocks, with a view to ensuring their long-
term conservation and sustainable use. The
state of the world highly migratory,
straddling and other high seas fishery
resources and associated species, an online
publication of the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO),
defines and reports on the status of these fish
stocks internationally as of 2006. As for the
Law of the Sea Convention itself, its
provisions are implemented with the
assistance of several bodies. Among these,
the International Seabed Authority enables
states parties to organize and control
activities relating to mineral resources in the
international seabed area. The International
Tribunal for the Law of the Sea adjudicates
disputes on the interpretation or application
of the Convention. And the Commission on
the Limits of the Continental Shelf applies
specific scientific and technical formulas to
delineate the outer limits of the continental
shelf, when that submerged portion of the
land territory of a coastal state extends
farther than 200 nautical miles beyond its
coastline. (Oceans and the Law of the Sea,
n.d.)
Rio
Summit,
MDGs
and
Move
towards
a
Sustainable
Future
10 years after the Earth Summit the world
leaders gathered at the 2002 World Summit
on Sustainable Development (Rio+10) in
Johannesburg. The outcome document with
its annex the Johannesburg Plan of
Implementation (JPOI) created a road map
for action to achieve sustainable
development especially through multilateral
means. (United Nations, 2002) The
Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable
Development recognized that the global
environment continues to suffer. Loss of
biodiversity continues, fish stocks continue
to be depleted, desertification claims more
and more fertile land, the adverse effects of
climate change are already evident, natural
disasters are more frequent and more
devastating, and developing countries more
vulnerable, and air, water and marine
pollution continue to rob millions of a
decent life. (United Nations, 2002) Ten
years later, the heads of states met again at a
Conference on Sustainable Development
(UNCSD), which is also known as Rio+20,
to give new impulses on the international
efforts to achieve sustainable development.
The outcome document, The Future We
Want (A/RES/66/288), reiterated and
renewed the prior documents on achieving
sustainable development and calling for
environmental protection, addressing issues
such as the loss of biodiversity, renewable
energy, water pollution and scarcity, and
climate change. (UN General Assembly,
n.d.)
In 2000 the General Assembly unanimously
adopted the Millennium Declaration
(A/RES/55/2) which contained a statement
of values, principles and objectives for the
international agenda for the twenty-first
century. (UN General Assembly, 2000) The
Millennium Summit also agreed on a set of
goals for the new millennium, the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
The eight Millennium Development Goals
addressed specific issues related to
development and named targets that were
supposed to be reached until 2015 which
contained a statement of values, principles
and objectives for the international agenda
for the twenty-first century. Goal Number 7
is the only one directly focusing on the
12 | P a g e
environment by setting the goal to ensure 2010 and species are declining overall in
environmental sustainability and including number and distribution. (United Nations,
two sub-targets directly focusing on 2015)
environmental protection. Sub-target A calls
on Member States to integrate the principles
of sustainable development into country Sustainable
Development

policies and programs and reverse the loss
of environmental Summit
2015

resources, and sub- Recognized
climate
change
as
one
of
the
biggest
challanges.

target B to reduce
biodiversity loss,
Show
consistency
between
the
ac7ons
to
address
climate
change.

achieving, by 2010, a
significant reduction in
the rate of loss. (UN Sustainable
use
of
natural
resources
forests,
land,
mountains,
oceans
and
seas.

General Assembly, n.d.)
Two years before the Make
sure
everyone
has
equitable
access
to
land,
forests
and
sheries.

timeline of the MGDs
ended, the President of the
Limit
the
global
temperature
rise
to
1.5C
or
2C.

UN General Assembly
hosted a special event to
follow up on efforts Decarboniza7on
of
economy

made towards
achieving MDGs, Transi7on
to
renewable
energy

where Secretary-
General Ban Ki- moon
presented his report entitled A Life of
Dignity for All. In the outcome document Future
Prospects


world leaders renewed their commitment to In 2015, the global community finds itself
meet the MDGs targets and agreed to hold a on a historic junction. As the MDGs are
high-level Summit in September 2015 to expiring, the world has the prospect to build
adopt a new set of Goals building on the on their success and momentum, while also
achievements of the MDGs. The MDG taking into account new ambitions for the
Review Report in 2015 shows some success future. At the landmark meeting of the 70th
in targeting environmental degradation. session of the UN General Assembly in
Since 1990 about 98% of ozone-depleting September, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
substances were eliminated and the ozone Development was finalized. (UN General
layer is expected to recover by the middle of Assembly , 2015) A bold new agenda
this century and in many regions terrestrial emerged to transform the world to better
and maritime protected areas have increased. meet human needs and the requirements of
(UN General Assembly, n.d.) However, protecting the environment. At the core of
global emissions of carbon dioxide have this agenda is sustainable development,
increased by over 50 % since 1990, about which must become a living reality for every
5.2 million hectares of forests were lost in person in the planet. (United Nations, 2015)

13 | P a g e
Below we look at the major environmental
problems which still persist and how the
SDGs aims to deal with it in the future:

Global emissions of carbon Implement the commitment

dioxide have increased by over 50 undertaken by developed-country
per cent since 1990. Addressing par>es to theUNFCCC to a goal of
the unabated rise in greenhouse mobilizing jointly $100 billion
gas emissions and the resul>ng annually by 2020 from all sources
likely impacts of climate change, to address the needs of
such as altered ecosystems, developing countries in the
weather extremes and risks to context of meaningful mi>ga>on
society, remains an urgent, ac>ons and transparency on
cri>cal challenge for the global implementa>on and fully
community. opera>onalize the Green Climate
Fund through its capitaliza>on as
soon as possible.

Overexploita>on of marine By 2020, sustainably

sh stocks led to declines in manage and protect
the percentage of stocks marine and coastal
within safe biological limits, ecosystems to avoid
down from 90 per cent in
1974 to 71 per cent in 2011. signicant adverse
Species are declining overall impacts, including by
in numbers and distribu>on. strengthening their
This means they are resilience, and take ac>on
increasingly threatened with for their restora>on in
ex>nc>on. order to achieve healthy
and produc>ve oceans.

An es>mated 5.2 million By 2020, promote the

hectares of forest were lost implementa>on of
in 2010, an area about the sustainable management
size of Costa Rica. of all types of forests, halt
deforesta>on, restore
degraded forests and
substan>ally increase
aoresta>on and
reforesta>on globally.

14 | P a g e
The environmental difficulties that confront
us today are not new, we have only begun to
understand and accept their influence on
long term sustainable development goals.
Over the years policy flaws such as
governments failing to ensure that
development policies do not degrade the
environment and holding those responsible
who implemented policies that degrade the
environment have hindered sustainable
development. Today, we need to be equally
concerned about the ways in which
environmental degradation can dampen or
reverse economic development as we are
about achieving sustainable development.
Policies that only emphasize increased
production can no longer be the acceptable
standard.
Economic
Infrastructure
Introduction
and thrive in the workplace and political
An economy is a vast and complex system
which functions as the internal wealth and
resources of a country; without which a
nation would render incapable of business
activity and global exchange and affiliation.
Economic Infrastructure is a vital term
which encompasses both aspects of
economic development, as well as economic
growth as a means to establishing an
effective state system with power to address
and resolve the problems of its dwellers. In
the Summit for Sustainable Development,
we have sub-categorized five goals that can
be associated with Economic Infrastructure.
We begin with goal 6: To ensure clean water
and sanitation for all, we seek to reach out to
those areas where water is highly scarce and
the lack of clean water sources is leading to
hundreds of deaths each year. Through goals
7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable,
sustainable and modern energy for all, the
UN seeks to plant modern renewable energy
sources to waste is cute down and
worldwide efficiency is improved. Goal 8:
Promote inclusive and sustainable economic
growth, employment and decent work for
all. By creating more work opportunities,
not only will countries reach their full
potential, but the citizens will become
happier, there will be more innovation and
development will coincide growth in all
aspects. In Goal 9: The UN aims to build
resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable
industrialization and foster innovation
through technological progress and growth
in productivity to empower communities
worldwide and provide the necessary
conditions for such future development. The
last goal which comes under this heading is
Goal 11: Make cities inclusive, safe,
resilient and sustainable so that people can
feel safe in the comfort of their own homes
conditions are stable so as to stimulate
investment in the economy.
According to surveys conducted by the
World Bank, roughly half of the entire world
population still combats a life of poverty,
under a negligible $2 US a day or even less
(Nations, United, 2015). There are unequal
employment opportunities with high levels
of unemployment prevailing in the less
developed world with weak economic
activity. Due to low capital investment rates,
the creation of jobs is difficult and hence
with less production, there is less
consumption as the cycle of poverty
encircles on. Inaccessibility to financial
institutions which are the backbone of any
15 | P a g e
economy means that monetary issues evolve electrical power and water remains scarce in
and stimulate less aggregate demand. many developing countries. Infrastructure
Moreover, ineffective and weak production contributes to economic growth (through
units yield uncompetitive and poorly both supply and demand) and therefore
standardized goods which make it difficult facilitates the growth of employment and
for countries to trade as they are productivity (Kessides). Many challenges
incompetent with the global export market exist to maintaining cities in a way that
for such products. continues to create jobs and prosperity while
not straining land and resources. Common
Energy is also a fundamental service needed urban challenges include congestion, lack of
to proceed with an economys growth. funds to provide basic services, a shortage of
Conventional and obsolete methods, which adequate housing and declining
are still widely used stunt production and infrastructure. With continuous and ongoing
business activity. 3 billion people rely on rural-urban migration, half of humanity-3.5
wood, coal, charcoal or animal waste for billion people- live in cities today (United
cooking and heating and one in five people Nations, 2015).
still lack access to modern electricity
(Nations, United, 2015). Renewable energy Facts
and
Figures

is not all about the environment as it can
also give a strong boost to the economy in Global
unemployment

the form of new jobs. The number of people increased
from
170

million
in
2007
to
nearly

employed within the renewable energy 202
million
in
2012,
of

industry is rapidly growing, giving many which
about
75
million
are

countries an excellent option to boost their young
women
and
men.

economies in this post-recession period.

Nearly
2.2

Renewable energy can improve our energy billion
people
live
below

security by reducing the need for foreign oil the
US$2
poverty
line
and

import. The global oil market has been that
poverty
eradica7on
is

only
possible
through

characterized by extremely volatile prices stable
and
well-paid
jobs.

and our dependence on oil continues to
grow. What countries need to ponder on is
how they could improve their energy
security and hence their economic security
470
million
jobs
are

through that. (Haluzan) Clean and hygienic needed
globally
for
new

water facilities are also imperative for a entrants
to
the
labour

healthy working population and as of yet, market
between
2016
and

2030.

663 million people worldwide go on without
access to proper drinking water or even
basic sanitation.
Past
Actions

Basic infrastructure like roads, information One of the main flaws of the millennium
and communication technologies, sanitation, development goals were that people were
16 | P a g e
being left behind, especially the ones that
were most in need. This divide between the
masses needed to be bridged so that
everyone could receive equal access to basic
necessities. There was also not enough focus
on the economic aspects of development and
their essentialness to the advancement of
nations. Many countries and allies such as
the European Union have addressed the
crises prevalent within their international
boundaries as well as across the world and
have come up with action plans to combat
and effectively implement solutions.
The world has met the MDG drinking water
target five years ahead of schedule but work
is not yet completely done. Particular
regions such as Sub Saharan Africa cater to
over 40% of a population still lacking clean
drinking water. The United Nations has long
been addressing the global crisis caused by
insufficient water supply to satisfy basic
human needs and growing demands on the
worlds water resources to meet human,
commercial and agricultural needs. The
United Nations Water Conference (1977),
the International Drinking Water Supply and
Sanitation Decade (1981-1990), the
International Conference on Water and the
Environment (1992) and the Earth Summit
(1992) all focused on this vital resource.
The Decade, in particular, helped some 1.3
billion people in developing countries gain
access to safe drinking water (United
Nations).
With regard to the world energy crises, and
in particular nuclear energy, Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
(NPT), the IAEA conducts on-site
inspections to ensure that nuclear materials
are only used for peaceful purposes. In
September 2011, UN Secretary-General Ban
Ki-moon launched the Sustainable Energy
for All initiative and shared his vision for
how governments, business and civil
society, working in partnership, can make
sustainable energy for all a reality by 2030.
The United Nations Development Program
also played a significant role in developing
sustainable energy sources, especially in
poverty-stricken countries and in 2013,
UNDPs carbon footprint went from 85,142
tons CO2 equivalent to 69,896 tons CO2
equivalent. For 2017, UNDP set a more
ambitious target of 63,792 tons CO2
equivalent (United Nations Development
Program).
Many of the economic and social
transformations that have taken place
globally since 1945 have been significantly
affected in their direction and shape by the
work of the United Nations. The Economic
and Social Council (ECOSOC) is the
principal body coordinating the economic
and social work of the United Nations. The
United Nations Department of Economic
and Social Affairs (DESA) provide support
to the intergovernmental processes on
development issues in the General Assembly
and in the Economic and Social Council, its
functional commissions and expert bodies.
The UN is the only global institution
committed to development. Nearly every
organization in the UN family has some
aspect of development assistance and
cooperation as its focus, either directly or
indirectly. The United Nations
Development Group unites the 33 UN funds,
programs, agencies, departments, and
offices that play a primary role in
development efforts (United Nations). The
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital
interface between global policies in the
economic, social and environmental spheres
17 | P a g e
and national action. One major focus of this
committee is to look into the problems
evolved out of rural urban migration and
focus on their eradication as for the first
time in history, more people live in urban
than in rural areas.
UNEP
Green
Stimulus
decades ago was the disparity between
After the financial crisis in 2008 which hit
the US subprime market, a large number of
big players in the banking and insurance
sector such as AIG, Lehman Brothers,
Stearns made huge losses and went down.
Following the financial crisis, the world
faced a currently on going fuel shortage
which resulted in a rise in price of crude oil
and many nations lost the energy security
they once possessed. Lastly, the world saw a
rising shortage of food resulting in poverty
and hunger. This food crisis threaten the
survivability of millions of people. At such a
time the UNEP took action and started its
project Green Stimulus. The idea behind
Nations
Environment
this action was to promote green stimulus
Finance
Initiative
packages which included smart investments
in order to make states spend more than
corporations on green economy: recycling,
green research and renewable research and
development.
United
Nations
Conference
on
insurance companies and investment funds.
Trade
and
Development
(UNCTAD)
UNCTAD was a permanent
intergovernmental body established in 1964
with the aim of promoting regional and
international trade to help boost economic
growth. Its main goals are to maximize
trade, investment and development
opportunities of developing economies so
every economy is able to integrate into the
world economy on an equitable basis. In
order to help developing countries, the
system called Generalised System of
Preferences was introduced by this
organization according to which all
developed nations would accept agricultural
products and exports from developing
countries on a duty free or no tariff basis so
as to help developing economies.
The idea behind this organizations creation
developed and developing economies.
Under the mandate of this organization,
countries came up with The New
International Economic Order which was a
set of proposals put forward by developing
nations to improve their terms of trade. The
idea behind the New International Economic
Order was to ensure that no economy is left
behind and frameworks such as the Bretton
Woods System which was created by The
United States of America are not
implemented because their focus was just on
developed economies.
United
Program
The UNEP FI is a public-private sector
partnership which was established between
the financial sector and the United Nations
Environment Program and consists of over
200 members including leading banks,
The aim of this organization was to focus on
the implementation of sustainability
measures in operations of all financial
institutions such as through the
incorporation of social, environmental and
governance factors in risk analysis. This
organization has strived to improve the
situation in developing nations by
establishing the Principles for Responsible
Investment. The UNEP FI has worked for
years on a number of projects. It is the one
organization which is responsible for
18 | P a g e
launching the Global Canopy Programme
Prospects
and the Getullo Vargas Foundation.
Their latest work has been working on the
Principles for Sustainable Insurance, an
initiative delegates will be expected to
further elaborate on as part of the past
actions that can be carried forward in the
post 2015 development agenda for future
economic prosperity. In addition to
sustainable economic operations, UNEP FI
also works on training programmes which
include a Climate Change course.
The UNEP FI has been working on a
number of frameworks in the past such as in
2005 they passed A Legal Framework for
the Integration of Environmental, Social and
Governance Issues into Institutional
Investment, in 2009 they established a report
The Materiality of Climate Change: How
finance copes with the ticking clock.
Global
Compact
inequalities in access to water by labeling
The UNEP FI has been working in
collaboration with the Global Compact. The
Global Compact has worked on a number of
different economic development strategies
in the past, but all their strategies are based
on the following ten principles:
Protection of internationally proclaimed
human rights
Elimination of all forms of forced,
compulsory labour, child labour and
discrimination at work
future
of
Green
Economy
Initiatives to promote greater
environmental responsibility and
Anti-corruption policies
adapted by the companies
and only if it is sustainable and
Future
With a thorough analysis of the lessons
learned from the MDGs and progressing
forward on the implementation of the Global
Goals, we are inclined to developing
proposals that will help shape the future
towards peace and prosperity. Aware of all
that has been done in the past and
identifying the areas where weaknesses have
been detected, the UN Summit for
Sustainable Development seeks to adopt
more integral solutions for further
implementation for its cohesive framework.
It is imperative that this new SDG
framework incorporates something on
means rather than simply focus on ends. In
other words, something needs to be said not
only about outcomes but also about process
(Progress, Prospects and Lessons from the
MDGs). Focusing on the water and
sanitation for all, the goals seek to reduce
water as a basic human right so that
vulnerable groups are able to claim their
rights, to fight against discrimination, and to
demand transparency, accountability, and
participation in issues vital to themselves,
their families and their communities.
Through the UN-Water, we must highlight
the obligations of states and the role of other
non-state actors and reflect on monitoring
progress as well as the efficiency of
programs and policies.
The
Green Economy was an idea which was first
discussed in Report of the 1987 Bruntland
Commission. This was known as the World
Commission on Environment and
Development. The word Green Economy
was coined years later, but the idea behind it
was that economic growth should occur only
19 | P a g e
environmentally friendly. (Our Common initiative (SE4All) to ensure universal
Future) The Green Economy campaign was access to modern energy services, improve
further carried forward by United Nations efficiency and increase use of renewable
Environmental Program which started this sources. The challenge lies in finding ways
projected called green stimulus packages to reconcile the need for modern energy
and started public-led investments to services with their potential impact on the
promote green economic practices. This environment and the worlds natural
resulted in acting as an incentive for resource base, in order to ensure sustainable
governments to implement this project due development (Sustainable Energy for All).
to the increased investments. Countries need to ponder over the plantation
of renewable sources and cost which will be
The entire idea behind Economic incurred and the resources which will be
development is to solve three major required.
problems that exist in the world today, Food
crisis, financial crisis, and fuel crisis.
Countries in the committee need to look


beyond and discuss the future of the green
economies and green growth.



Moreover, mobilizing the worlds capital is


essential for the transition to a sustainable,
low-carbon economy. Today, however, too

little capital is supporting the transition, and Resource
Allocation
Mechanism

too much continues to be invested in a high- Investments in infrastructure transport,
carbon and resource-intensive, polluting irrigation, energy and information and
economy (UNEP Inquiry: Design for a communication technology are crucial to
Sustainable Financial System). achieving sustainable development and
empowering communities in many
A green financial system needs to be
countries. It has long been recognized that
explored by identifying the best practices,
growth in productivity and incomes, and
exploring financial market policies and
improvements in health and education
implementing regulatory innovations to
outcomes require investment in
support the system. The countries with a
infrastructure (United Nations, 2015).
diminishing GDP and growth rate need to be
Developing countries and transitional
especially targeted. Countries need to focus
economies need to implement policies that
on how the financial system and capital
will encourage industrialization and raise the
market can be made more liquid and
GDP of the country while providing
transparent so that business activity
employment opportunities for its citizens.
accelerates in a prosperous manner.
Multinational corporations further stimulate
industrial activity and hence areas where
raw material and labor is sufficiently
Sustainable
Energy
for
All
initiative

accessible need to be identified to benefit all
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon is stakeholders involved. It must be however
leading the Sustainable Energy for All ensured that exploitation of those most
20 | P a g e
vulnerable is not taking place through often leads to malnourishment and poor
regulatory laws. quality of educational institutes. The first
four of the 17 global goals specifically
Lastly, with reference to Goal 11: Making counter these issues and target to eradicate
cities inclusive, safe, resilient and poverty from this world by 2030. On this
sustainable, we aim to maintain cities in a issue and the plan developed to counter it,
manner that they provide a viable hub for the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
citizens to work and live their everyday said, This is the Peoples Agenda, a plan of
lives. Security needs to be ensured to action for ending poverty in all its
citizens who must not live in fear of terror dimensions, irreversibly, everywhere, and
and a stable economic environment with leaving no one behind. (UN General
peace and conditions to grow will encourage Assembly, 2015) The first four goals which
investment. Platforms such as the UN deal with the issue at hand are:
Habitat should provide a global reach to
supervise projects and activities ranging Goal 1: End Poverty,
from urban policy advice at government
level to addressing slum growth and housing Goal 2: End Hunger,
problems as well as post-disaster
Goal 3: Good Health and Well
reconstruction programs (UN Habitat: For a
Being and
Better Urban Future).
Goal 4: Quality Education for All.
Delegates need to ponder over how
resources have been allocated in the past and
Extreme poverty is the total lack of a
what could be done to improve resource
humans means of survival, including access
allocation making it sustainable and
to food, shelter, clothing, physical
efficient.
protection, and community, as well as the
lack of means of improving ones life,
Health
and
Education

through methods such as education, medical
Introduction
aid, or employment. Extreme poverty exists
for a number of reasons. Many developing
When the world leaders met in the 70th
countries lack the resources to provide for
session of the United Nations, they
their citizens, and many more countries lack
committed themselves to achieving 3
the infrastructure to adequately and rapidly
extraordinary things in the next 15 years,
distribute their aid to impoverished
one of them was: to end extreme poverty.
populations. Basic necessities, such as food
The alleviation of poverty is the ethical,
and clothing, can be scarce in developing
social, political, and economic imperative of
countries or in subsistence areas. Even in
humankind, and the United Nations dearly
countries where medical aid, education, and
strives towards this goal. The eradication of
employment services are provided, some
poverty is the top priority of the United
populations lack the means of obtaining
Nations due to the fact that more than 1.4
these services, and so wallow in their
billion people in developing countries live
extreme poverty, unable to improve their
on $1.25 a day or less, and nearly 870
lives.
million people are starving. Extreme poverty
21 | P a g e
Historical
background
more than half of all African nations
Historically, poverty is most commonly seen
in developing nations of the global South, a
region stretching from the Tropic of Cancer
to the Tropic of Capricorn that encompasses
Asia, Africa, and Latin America. This zone
excludes some areas of strong growth such
as Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the oil-
exporting nations of the Middle East.
The history of poverty in the global South
began as individual countries overthrew the
imperialistic powers that had dominated
them. The leaderships of these newly
independent countries were then faced with
two critical tasks: firstly, they needed to
unify their country and ensure political
stability, and secondly, they needed to spark
the economy to help make their citizens
productive and to improve their living
standards. Many countries struggled with the
first goal: governments similar to those used
by former colonial rulers were established,
but such parliamentary systems did not
function in Africa as they had in Europe.
The success of the second goal, revitalizing
the economy, varied greatly: some nations
had resources they could exploit to finance
progress, while other nations had virtually
African
Region
nothing. (Ellis, Elisabeth, & Esler, 1997)
Moreover, the national borders that were
established by the colonial powers were
done so without regard for cultural groups.
Consequently, nations often comprised of
citizens from diverse backgrounds each with
their own language and history, further
impeding progress. This domestic disunity,
present in African as well as Eastern
European nations, ultimately led to ethnic
and regional conflict. Quite rapidly, a series
of civil wars broke out around the world.
Often, particularly in Africa, these wars
culminated in the military seizing power:
endured military coups, which in turn led to
more violence.
The persistence of poverty in nations since
then can be largely attributed to
geographical, demographic, and political
factors. Geographical problems, such as
poor weather (e.g. a lack of rainfall) and
infertile land, can limit agriculture in
developing countries. Demographically, in
the 1700s, the world saw a population boom
that further hurt developing nations as even
more millions of people suddenly needed
food, housing, education, jobs, and medical
care all of which were already in short
supply. Finally, there remains political
unrest in many nations, even in those that
are relatively resource-rich.
Many countries have, in the past, seen an
outbreak of diseases due to poor health
conditions in those regions because of which
people have suffered. Below we have
highlighted the African region and the
disease outbreaks in the past which have
become a cause of concern in these
developing countries:
The
HIV/AIDS continues to devastate the
WHO Africa Region, which has 11%
of the world's population but 60% of
the people with HIV/AIDS.
More than 90% of the estimated
300500 million malaria cases that
occur worldwide every year are in
Africans, mainly in children under
five years of age, but most countries
are moving towards better treatment
policies.
Ebola, since 1976, has been a cause
of concern for African states because in the
last three decades there have been over
22 | P a g e
thirty outbreaks resulting in over 1500
deaths
Most countries are making good progress on
preventable childhood illness. Polio is close
to eradication, and 37 countries are reaching
60% or more of their children with measles
immunization. Overall measles deaths have
declined by more than 50% since 1999. In
2005 alone 75 million children received
measles vaccines.
While poverty-stricken nations generally
have similar problems, the story of each
nation is unique. It is therefore crucial that
delegates of this committee have a deep
understanding of the specific problems that
20+
Conference
plague their country, in order to fully
analyze the current situation and propose
effective solutions.
Past
International
Actions
a cumulative gathering composed of
Of the plethora of resolutions published by
the United Nations pertaining to poverty
reduction, below are a selection of the most
relevant:
General Assembly Resolution 52/194
(1997): focused on the benefit of microloan
and microcredit programs and the role micro
financing can play in reducing poverty,
recognizing that people are innately
capable of working their way out of poverty
when an enabling environment and the right
opportunities exist also noting that
microcredit programs have proved to be an
effective tool in freeing people from the
bondage of poverty. (United Nations -
General Assembly , 1997) The Microcredit
Summit, held that same year in Washington
DC, addressed similar issues and
recommended strengthening African
microcredit institutions as a way of
combating poverty.
UNHRC Resolution 17/13 (2011)
assessed poverty reduction, taking into
account human rights. The resolution called
for the Office of the High Commissioner of
Human Rights and independent consultants
to further evaluate the situation. (UNHRC,
2011) (Also see Resolution 8/11)
UN General Assembly Resolution
57/266 reaffirms the UN Decade for the
Eradication of Poverty, and outlines some of
the steps the world should take to achieve
the goals set by the aforementioned
initiative. (United Nations General
Assembly, 2003) (Also see Resolutions
58/222, 59/247, and 61/213)
Rio
The Rio +20 Conference is an initiative of
The United Nations Department of
Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) and is
political leaders, along with thousands of
participants from governments, the private
sector, NGOs and other groups. The
mandate focuses on ways to tackle and
eliminate poverty along with ensuring that
the environment is sustained as the world
population continues to escalate. Hence, the
two themes of focus are:
a) A green economy in the context of
sustainable development poverty
eradication; and
b) The institutional framework for
sustainable development.
Sustainable development is the key for
achieving the long-term global goals and it
can be done so by utilizing resources in a
manner that meets present needs without
compromising the needs of the future
generation. Thus the prime attention will be
devoted to seven key aspects in achieving
23 | P a g e
the goal. These include: decent jobs, energy,
sustainable cities, food security and
sustainable agriculture, water, oceans and
disaster readiness.

World Health Organization (WHO)

The United Nations, since its inception, has
been actively involved in promoting and
protecting good health worldwide. Leading
that effort within the UN system is the
World Health Organization (WHO), whose
constitution came into force on 7 April
1948. At the outset, it was decided that
WHOs top priorities would be malaria,
womens and childrens health, tuberculosis,
venereal disease, nutrition and
environmental sanitation. Many of those
remain on WHOs agenda today, in addition
to such relatively new diseases as
HIV/AIDS. (Health, n.d.)
WHO's program for primary health care
comprises eight essential elements:
In short, WHO interventions cover all areas
1. Education concerning prevalent of the global health-care spectrum, including
health problems and the methods of crisis intervention and the response to
preventing and controlling them; humanitarian emergencies; establishing
International Health Regulations, which
2. Promotion of food supply and proper
countries must follow to identify disease
nutrition;
outbreaks and stop them from spreading;
3. Maintenance of an adequate supply preventing chronic diseases; and working to
of safe water and basic sanitation; achieve the health-related Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs). (Health, n.d.)
4. Provision of maternal and child
health care, including family planning; The
Food
Crisis

5. Immunization against the major For two decades, leading up to the
infectious diseases; millennium, global demand for food
increased steadily, along with growth in the
6. Prevention and control of locally worlds population, record harvests,
endemic diseases; improvements in incomes, and the
diversification of diets. As a result, food
7. Appropriate treatment of common
prices continued to decline through 2000.
diseases and injuries; and
But beginning in 2004, prices for most
8. Provision of essential drugs. grains began to rise. Although there was an
(Encyclopedia of the Nations , n.d.) increase in production, the increase in
24 | P a g e
demand was greater. Food stocks became
depleted. And then, in 2005, food
production was dramatically affected by
extreme weather incidents in major food-
producing countries. By 2006, world cereal
production had fallen by 2.1 percent. In
2007, rapid increases in oil prices increased
fertilizer and other food production costs.
(Health, n.d.)
As international food prices reached
unprecedented levels, countries sought ways
to insulate themselves from potential food
shortages and price shocks. Several food-
exporting countries imposed export
restrictions. Certain key importers began
purchasing grains at any price to maintain
domestic supplies. This resulted in panic and
volatility in international grain markets. It
also attracted speculative investments in
grain futures and options markets. Perhaps
as a result, prices rose even higher. (Health,
n.d.)
Among the members of the UN system most
active in addressing this crisis along with the
actions they are taking are the following:
The World Food Program (WFP), through
its Global Response to High Food Prices, is
enhancing the availability of nutritious food
products for young children, mothers and
other particularly vulnerable groups. It is
also including new and improved
commodities in its food rations and
promoting local production and the purchase
of nutritious food and food products.
The Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO) of the UN directed nearly $US 59
million in 2008 to assist the most severely
affected countries during the planting
seasons. FAOs Initiative on Soaring Food
Prices involves providing policy analysis
and assistance, and increased access to seed,
fertilizer and tools. It fosters infrastructure
rehabilitation, including through irrigation.
It also deals with improving production,
agricultural markets, reducing crop losses,
disaster risk management, coordination
support and technical assistance.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has
conducted a comprehensive study of the
macroeconomic consequences of the food
and fuel crisis. Its country teams offer
policy advice based on country-specific
diagnoses, on such issues as monetary
policy, exchange rates and trade policies.
The IMF offers countries assistance in the
design and implementation of such policy
responses as tax and tariff changes or
transfer programs. The aim is to mitigate
the impact on the poor of high food and fuel
prices. It is also providing financial
assistance to a number of low-income
countries through its Poverty Reduction and
Growth Facility.
The United Nations Development Program
(UNDP) works with governments and other
UN and international agencies to help
developing country governments respond to
the global food crisis. It helps governments
prepare strategies to expand sustainable
agricultural production and productivity, and
helps design safety nets for the vulnerable.
It clarifies issues and policy options to foster
informed decision-making, and conducts in-
depth analyses on the impact of the crisis at
the regional and country levels. It also
mobilizes resources to meet those needs.
Education
Education is a basic human right. Article 26
of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human
Rights states that everyone has the right to
education. (United Nations, 1948
)Education is not only a right but a passport
25 | P a g e
to human development. It opens doors and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) are
expands opportunities and freedoms. It shaped by these objectives. (Education for
contributes to fostering peace, democracy All (EFA), n.d.)
and economic growth as well as improving
health and reducing poverty. Timeline:
Actions
to
tackle
poverty

Year Achievement
UNESCOs
Education
for
All
(EFA)
1601 The Elizabethan Poor Law, to be
Since its creation in 1945, UNESCOs used for the next two centuries, is
mission has been to contribute to the the first relief program for the
building of peace, poverty eradication, poor in England.
lasting development and intercultural 1750- The Industrial Revolution leads to
dialogue, with education as one of its 1850 reductions in poverty in some
cases but also increases in wealth
principal activities to achieve this aim.
disparity, in England, the United
(Education for the 21st Century, n.d.) The
States, and beyond.
Education for All (EFA) movement is a 1944 The World Bank is created with
global commitment to provide quality basic the primary goal of poverty
education for all children, youth and adults. reduction.
At the World Education Forum (Dakar, 1945 The International Monetary Fund
2000), 164 governments pledged to achieve is established.
EFA and identified six goals to be met by 1958 Mao Zedong launches the Great
2015. (UNESCO, n.d.) Leap Forward campaign to speed
development.
Education for All Goals 1960 The International Development
Goal 1: Expand early childhood care Association is established to
and education address areas of poverty in the
worlds poorest nations.
Goal 2: Provide free and compulsory 1965 The United Nations Development
primary education for all Program (UNDP) is established.
1976 The Grameen Bank in Bangladesh
Goal 3: Promote learning and life begins microfinance operations.
skills for young people and adults 1988 Pronasol begins, marking
Mexicos first poverty alleviation
Goal 4: Increase adult literacy
effort.
Goal 5: Achieve gender parity 1997 The United Nations Microcredit
Summit is held.
Goal 6: Improve the quality of 2000 The United Nations Millennium
education (Education for All (EFA), n.d.) Declaration establishes eight
targets for 2015, which serve as
In the year 2000, the worlds governments the foundation for the Millennium
also adopted the eight Millennium Development Goals.
Development Goals (MDGs) and along with 2001 Poverty Reduction Strategy
the EFA, these two are considered the most Papers begin to be published.
important frameworks in the field of 2003 Football stars from around the
education. The education priorities of the world compete in the Match
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Against Poverty, an example of
26 | P a g e
 the many efforts from non-
political organizations making
efforts to alleviate poverty.
2005 Tajikistan is the first country to
complete a National Development
Strategy to
fulfill the MDGs.
2006 UN Sub-Commission for the
Promotion and Protection of
Human Rights, one of the main
expert bodies on human rights at
the world level, adopted Draft
Guiding Principles on Extreme
Poverty and Human Rights.
2010 An eight-point action plan is
developed by the UNDP to reduce
poverty.
being left behind, especially the poorest and
Future
Prospects
age, disability, ethnicity or geographic
Poverty and hunger can be decreased or
eradicated via several solutions. Countries
need to consider how financial aid can be
provided and their efficient use can be
monitored in developing nations. In
Namibia, a pilot program showed that a $13
per month handout allowed program
participants to partake in education services,
effectively and significantly improve their
diets, obtain medical aid, and noticeably
increase economic production. (Jensen,
2008)
One thing to note about financial aid is that
this type of aid is often conditional and not
without costs. For example, Eritrea received
a sizable grant to help build its national
railway system. However, the grant is tied to
international companies, which require that
Eritrea purchases its goods internationally
and hire international consultants and an
international workforce, even though the
railway could be constructed at a much
lower cost by hiring locally and sourcing
construction materials domestically. (Deen,
2004)
Many programs choose impoverished
farmers as a battlefield for extreme poverty.
According to the World Bank, more than
three quarters of the worlds population are
farmers. Studies show that economic
incentives that aid farmers are more
effective than economic incentives that
benefit non-agricultural industries.
(DUGGER, 2007)
Although significant achievements have
already been made on many of the MDG
targets worldwide, progress has been uneven
across regions and countries, leaving
significant gaps. Millions of people are
those disadvantaged because of their sex,
location. Targeted efforts will be needed to
reach the most vulnerable people. (United
Nation, 2015) We look at the major
problems which still persist after the MDGs
produced the most successful anti-poverty
movement in history.
Despite enormous By 2030, eradicate
progress, even today, extreme poverty for all
about 800 million people everywhere,
people still live in currently measured as
extreme poverty and people living on less
suffer from hunger. than $1.25 a day. End all
forms of malnutrition by
Over 160 million
children under age five 2025, the internationally
have inadequate height agreed targets on
stunting and wasting in
for their age due to
children under 5 years of
insufficient food. age.
27 | P a g e
 Justice
and
equality

Introduction

Justice and equality are two moral aims that
The maternal By 2030, reduce the go hand in hand. Justice is sought to achieve
mortality ratio in the global maternal fairness in the treatment of citizens during
developing regions is mortality ratio to less
14 times higher than than 70 per 100,000
conflicting claims or the assignment of
in the developed live births. merited rewards or punishment. By
regions. implementing impartial behavior, the state

seeks to achieve equality not only for its
citizens, but for opportunities for each
citizen. In Goal 5: Achieve gender equality
and empower all girls, the UN targets to
eliminate discrimination against the female
Currently, 57 million By 2030, ensure that all race everywhere and completely put an end
children of primary girls and boys have
school age are not in access to quality early to abuse and violence against them as well
school. childhood development, as to promote female opportunities to excel
care and preprimary in all fields.
education so that they are

ready for primary Goal 10 states: Reduce inequalities within
education.

and among countries. The Goal seeks to
reduce the divide in the distribution of


income and wealth between the masses of
Sustainable
Development
2015:
The
the population. Wealth is cumulative in
way
forward:
nature as it passes on from one generation to
Ending
poverty
is
a
maTer
of
human
dignity.
The
MDGs
were
the next. As the wealthy grow wealthier;
an
important
catalyst
in
the
signicant
progress
in
reducing
simultaneously, the poor become poorer.


poverty
and
hunger
globally.
However,
this
progress
has
been

deeply
uneven.

This leads to exploitation not only within

nations but amongst countries as well. The

Eradica7ng
poverty
and
hunger,
and
leaving
no
one
Summit calls for the empowerment of
behind
will
require
a
mul7-dimensional
perspec7ve


that
addresses
their
social,
economic
and
people, all to be provided equal


environmental
drivers.
It
must
also
tackle
inequality
opportunities to achieve personal excellence
and
systemic
and
structural
issues.

and policies to enforce their implementation.

Ending
poverty
and
hunger
can
only
be
achieved

The gap between countries also needs to be
by
addressing
interconnected
factors,
such
as:


inclusive
growth;
employment;
access
to
basic
bridged by facilitating the least developed
infrastructure;
nutri7on;
health;
educa7on;


greater
equality
and
the
sustainable
use
of
natural
countries with aid and resources to achieve
resources.
economic growth. In goal 16: Promote


There
is
a
need
for
nancing
and
investments
peaceful and inclusive societies for

from
a
range
of
actors,
including
na7onal
and

sustainable development, provide access to
regional
development
banks,
the
private
sector


and
other
ins7tu7onal
investors,
such
as
pension
justice for all and build effective,
funds
and
insurance
companies.


accountable and inclusive institutions at all

Inves7ng
in
the
health
and
educa7on
of
women
and
levels. Strong institutions provide a
girls
is
crucial.
Youth
employment
and
inclusion
backbone to support the success of all

should
receive
priority
aTen7on.
Marginalized
groups

should
be
included
in
decision-making
processes.
economies by enabling a peaceful
28 | P a g e
Peaceful
and
just
socie7es
are
a
necessary
precondi7on
for

sustainable
development;
many
conicts
are
driven
by

poverty,
hunger
and
hopelessness.

environment where fundamental freedoms
are protected and proper accountability is
enforced.
The odds against women are highly
prevalent around the world. It is stated for a
fact that even today, many families prefer
the birth of a male over a female in their
households as they believe males to be a
superior gender. Such bigotry mindsets are
especially common in Asia where, according
to a UN report (2011), 134 million women
are missing from the world population as a
result of abortion, infanticide, and neglect.
Education continues to be a major source of
deprivation with about two thirds of children
with less than four years of schooling to be
girls. A lack of basic medical care facilities
especially for pregnant women leads to
many deaths every year owing to childbirth
complications. Marital rape, genital
mutilation, honor killings etc are still some
of the most barbaric and inhumane crimes
still taking place and such practices need to
be urgently banned and committers of such
crimes need to be punished. Moreover,
inheritance is a huge issue especially in
some places in the world where women are
not legally entitled to own property or
inherit land (Witnesses). These sexist
practices need to be completely wiped out
and women need to be provided
opportunities to surpass all their capabilities
and potential.
Disparities in income both
domestically and on an international basis
have created a wide gap between the
different income classes worldwide. This
harms growth and poverty reduction.
According to the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD): The
average income of all high-income
economies was $38,658 in 2010, while that
of middle-income economies was $3,764
and of low-income economies was $510.
There is hence an enormous gap in the
amount earned between high and
low/middle income earning economies. This
goes to show us that some of the poorest
countries are earning even less than a dollar
of income a day which is not even sufficient
to cater to a one-time meal. Until and unless
equal opportunities are provided in the field
of education, people cannot compete for the
maximization of their income on a just basis.
This leads to the fact that children in the
poorest 20 per cent of the populations are
still up to three times more likely to die
before their fifth birthday than children in
the richest quintiles (countries).
Moreover: justice, stability and
peace in the rule of law and conditions are
vital to establish a truly free and democratic
state system. Bribery, corruption, and theft
can cause significant damage to a country
and reduce the revenues available for the
government to spend on the welfare of its
people. Conflict-stricken zones promote
insecurity and violence within a nation and
discourage positive aims such as education
and work. Developing countries often do not
have an imperative say in global discussions
because of their weak stance and their role
needs to be sufficiently promoted so as to
29 | P a g e
ensure the voice of the most vulnerable governments and other partners, DESA
people is heard at international forums. seeks concrete solutions (United Nations
Department of Social and Economic
Past
Initiative

Affairs).
The UN Population fund has raised money
for various causes seeking to empower The
United
Nations
Office
of
the

women such as for: gender equality, child High
Representative
for
the
Least

marriage, female genital mutilation, gender Developed
Countries,
Landlocked

based violence and engaging boys and men. Developing
Countries
and
the
Small

UN Women focuses on priority areas that Island
Developing
States


are fundamental to womens equality, and
The United Nations Office of the High
that can unlock progress across the world.
Representative for the Least Developed
With a collaboration of intergovernmental
Countries, Landlocked Developing
support as well as through training
Countries and the Small Island Developing
programs, this committee works in the most
States (UN-OHRLLS) was established by
deprived areas where women are severely
the United Nations General Assembly in
discriminated against in order to put an end
2001 through its resolution 56/227 with
to violence, encourage greater leadership
functions recommended by the Secretary-
and political representation from women,
General in paragraph 17 of his report
and economic empowerment so they may
A/56/645. In this same resolution the
become independent and be paid for the
General Assembly requested Member
enormous contributions they make to the
States, all United Nations system
economy. Womens right to live free from
organizations, and other relevant multilateral
violence is upheld by international
organizations to extend full support and
agreements such as the Convention on the
cooperation to the Office of the High
Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
Representative (UN-OHRLLS ). This
against Women (CEDAW), especially
initiative aims to many things including
through General Recommendations 12 and
undertake appropriate advocacy work in
19, and the 1993 UN Declaration on the
favor of the least developed countries,
Elimination of Violence against Women
landlocked developing countries and small
(Women).
island developing States in partnership with
The
United
Nations
Department
of
the relevant parts of the United Nations as
Social
and
Economic
Affairs

well as with the civil society, media,
The United Nations Department of Social academia and foundations (UN-OHRLLS ).
and Economic Affairs (DESA) s work is The
Universal
Declaration
of

guided by the United Nations development Human
Rights
agenda, which is rooted in the values of
equality, solidarity, tolerance, respect for The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
nature and mutual responsibility. (UDHR) is a milestone document in the
Furthermore, with a focus on equitable history of human rights. By keeping this
participation by all people, the United Declaration constantly in mind, the UN
Nations development agenda has unique, strives, by means of teaching and education,
universal legitimacy. Working closely with to promote respect for these rights and
30 | P a g e
freedoms and by progressive measures, 2015 targets to achieve its goal for a just,
national and international, to secure their equal and fair world:
universal and effective recognition and
observance, both among the peoples of 1. Significantly reduce all forms of
Member States themselves and among the violence and related death rates
peoples of territories under their jurisdiction everywhere.
(United Nations). The UNICEF 2. End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and
#ENDViolence campaign seeks to eliminate all forms of violence against and torture
deaths among children as a result of of children.
domestic and work related violence and calls 3. Promote the rule of law at the national
for a complete end to child labor. and international levels and ensure equal
access to justice for all.
Future
Prospects
4. By 2030, significantly reduce illicit

financial and arms flows, strengthen the
recovery and return of stolen assets and
The
He
for
She
Campaign

combat all forms of organized crime.
He for She is a solidarity campaign by UN 5. Substantially reduce corruption and
Women for gender equality. Females bribery in all their forms.
especially in rural parts of developing 6. Develop effective, accountable and
countries are a major focus area for transparent institutions at all levels.
achieving gender equality. In such areas, 7. Ensure responsive, inclusive,
sound policies and legislation protecting participatory and representative
women and their rights needs to be enforced decision-making at all levels.
so that females are no longer discriminated 8. Broaden and strengthen the participation
against in both mental and physical of developing countries in the
capacities. Sexual and reproductive health institutions of global governance.
rights need to be universally accessible in 9. By 2030, provide legal identity for all,
accordance with the Program of Action. including birth registration.
United
Nations
Sustainable
10. Ensure public access to information and
Development
Summit
2015
protect fundamental freedoms, in
accordance with national legislation and
Peaceful and inclusive societies uphold the
international agreements.
rule of law and ensure equal access to
11. Strengthen relevant national institutions,
justice. They protect people from all forms
including through international
of violence, including gender-based
cooperation, for building capacity at all
violence, and control corruption and
levels, in particular in developing
organized crime. Decision-making at all
countries, to prevent violence and
levels is inclusive and responsive, and
combat terrorism and crime.
fundamental freedoms are upheld. Laws and
12. Promote and enforce non-discriminatory
policies apply without discrimination.
laws and policies for sustainable
(Justice and Equality)
development.
The United Nations Sustainable
Development Summit has the following post
31 | P a g e

GOAL
17:
Partnership
for
matters of common interest. It would assist
the
Goals
member nations in the form of training and
The basic aim of this committee is to
highlight a successful working model that
does not only look good on paper but is
realistic in terms of its implementation. The
model should be able to cover the broad
themes of finance, technology, trade,
capacity building, policy and institutional
coherence, it should specifically address the
multi-stake holder partnerships in todays
complex understanding of the world. The
committee should be able to work on the
monitoring and accountability aspect
carefully, which is essential for a successful
model. For this reason we are providing you
with some past examples in terms of models
that could help you in the formulation of
your own models in the due course at the
conference. Remember that these models are
not perfect and that there is always room for
improvement. However, they are only given
to you as reference, so that they could act
towards what you would be striving by
building your own model.
ASEAN
The Association for South East Asian
nations was formed in 1967. Its members
include Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand, Brunei Darussalam,
Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia.
This association was formed on the basis of
three key pillars: political security,
economic community and forming a social
cultural community. ASEAN is a very
dynamic model in terms of partnerships, as
it aims to accelerate economic growth,
social progress, and cultural development in
the region. This will in turn lead to regional
peace in an area inhabited by almost 625
million people. It furthers aims to promote
collaboration and mutual assistance on
research facilities, so that they could
collaborate for better utilization of resources
and improve welfare of the entire region.
These aims are targeted for co-operation
with existing international organizations like
UN, WTO and IMF who have similar aims
and purposes to improve the efficiency of
South East Asia.
OECD
Organization for economic co-operation and
development is an international economic
organization which comprises of 34
countries. It was founded in 1961 with the
aim of stimulating economic growth and
trade. It was formed in response to Soviet
Union to support the democratic values and
promote the roles of market economies
around the world.
The main aim of OECD is to design policies
to achieve sustainable economic growth and
employment in in relation to rising standard
of living amongst member countries. At the
same time it ensures financial stability to
contribute to the development of the world
economy by providing them market
stability.
The other aims of OECD are to provide
sound economic expansion of world trade on
a multilateral, nondiscriminatory basis in
accordance with international obligations.
This means that it functions accordingly
with organizations like UN. WTO and
World Bank. This firm commitment means
that member nations have a clear road map
towards where they are economically
heading. The important thing to remember
32 | P a g e
here is that OECD is an economic
organization, therefore, its primary aims are
only confined to the spheres of economic
development and finance. Thus, partnership
here is only confined to economic
development and not to issues like
environment or social matters.
KYOTO
PROTOCOL
development agenda.
Is the international treaty which was signed
in 1992. This treaty was formed with the
mandate of the United Nations framework
convention on climate change (UNFCCC).
This treaty commits all the member nations
of the United Nations to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions in order to reduce the threat of
global warming. It was formed in 1997
and came into effect in 2005. Many
countries in the world have set binding
targets to reduce the threat of manmade Co2
emissions. The delegates must know when
considering their own model that many
countries within this framework have both
succeeded and failed in this regard. This is
partially due to the fact that the first round
was partially achieved and many member
states never accepted the bonding nature of
it, this was mainly because of the fact that
these nations were at a disadvantage
the
Progress
and
compared to the ones which were not
of
the
2030
Agenda
abiding it. This means that Kyoto should be
a protocol that delegates must consider
thoroughly before coming to the committee
sessions. So that they could find loopholes
in it and come up with their own solutions to
overcome its obstacles as Kyoto is essential
part of sustainable development goals and
the 2030 agenda.
RIO+20
indicator
The United Nations Conference on
Sustainable Development or famously
known as Rio+20 took place in 2012. It
resulted in a focused political document
which contains clear and practical measures
for implementing sustainable development.
The key highlights of Rio were that member
States decided to launch a process of setting
of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),
which would build upon the previous
Millennium Development Goals and
converged it with the post 2015
The amazing thing about this Conference
was that all member states adopted ground-
breaking guidelines on green economic
policies. Governments decided to establish
intergovernmental co-ordination under the
General Assembly to prepare options on a
strategy for sustainable development
financing. They also agreed to strengthen
other key areas like Environment programs
imitated by other UN groups like UNEP.
The delegates must remember that Rio+20 is
a recent development and requires firm
commitment to be successful. The delegates
should study this conference in relation to
global partnerships and how it could be
implemented so that post 2030 agenda could
be actually realized.
Monitoring
Success
The experience of the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) underscores
the importance of thinking through the
indicators as early as possible; we cannot
afford a lag of several years before we start
to measure progress towards achieving the
SDGs. The international community has
rightly begun to shift attention to the
framework and associated
monitoring systems. In June 2015, the Inter-
agency and Expert Group on SDG Indicators
(IAEG-SDGs) started the technical work of
defining an SDG indicator framework.
33 | P a g e
(Leadership Council of the Sustainable review. Moreover, it took a very long time
Development Solutions Network, 2015) for the MDG data collection system to
emerge and to improve following the
What
is
the
purpose
of
indicators
adoption of the MDGs. ( Leadership Council
for
Sustainable
Development
Goals?
of the Sustainable Development Solutions
The indicators serve two purposes: Network, 2014)
management (to stay on course), and
accountability (to hold all stakeholders to What
can
be
done
differently
this

the SDGs). For management purposes, the time?
How
can
SDG
monitoring
be

indicators need to be accurate and frequent, better
than
monitoring
of
the

reported at least once per year. ( Leadership MDGs?

Council of the Sustainable Development Firstly, the indicators need to be well
Solutions Network, 2014) defined and compatible with low-cost but
Who
are
the
indicators
for?
Can
reliable data collection systems. Secondly,
businesses
use
them?
for each indicator one or more organizations
The indicators are designed to track the from inside or outside the UN system must
SDGs at local, national, regional, and global be made responsible for ensuring annual
levels. They would apply to all stakeholders, data collection. Finally, governments and
the international community must find the
particularly local and national governments.
resources to fund effective data collection
Civil society can use them for operational,
systems at national and international levels.
monitoring, and advocacy purposes.
Private companies should make their know-
Businesses will find them useful to
how and services available to support this
understand and promote their contributions
important effort.
to sustainable development. In some cases
the indicators may also serve as operational Indicators will be the backbone of
metrics. The World Business Council on monitoring progress towards the SDGs at
Sustainable Development and the SDSN are the local, national, regional, and global
exploring with several partners how levels. A sound indicator framework will
business metrics could be designed turn the SDGs and their targets into a
alongside the proposed indicator framework. management tool to help countries develop
What
are
the
main
lessons
from
the
implementation strategies and allocate
resources accordingly, as well as a report
MDG
Indicators
and
monitoring
of

card to measure progress towards
the
MDGs?
sustainable development and help ensure the
Many MDG Indicators, such as those for accountability of all stakeholders for
extreme income poverty, are reported with achieving the SDGs.
very long lags of 3-5 years, and data
coverage remains patchy. Many national As part of its mandate to develop an
statistical systems lack the capacity to indicator framework by which to monitor
generate comprehensive high-quality data. the goals and targets of the post-2015
As a result, available data on MDG development agenda, IAEG-SDGs held its
Indicators cannot serve real-time second meeting in Bangkok, 26-28 October
implementation, management, and progress 2015. The objective was to seek agreement
34 | P a g e
on the proposed indicators for each target
keeping in mind that indicators alone can
never be sufficient to fully measure progress
on the goals. (Second meeting of the IAEG-
Summary
SDGs, 2015)
While there is now a proposed indicator for
every target, as required by the IAEG-SDGs
commitment to no indicator being left
behind, many of the agreed indicators
remain inadequate, and many require more
in-depth discussion and/or methodological
development. The inability to agree on an
indicator on how to measure these targets,
which go to the issue of implementation,
means that global poverty is to be measured
primarily by the World Banks new
International Poverty Line, US$1.90/day but
that the causes of poverty, and efforts to
address them, are not. Furthermore, although
a number of indicators are agreed to
measure inequality within countries, there is
nothing even proposed to measure
inequalities between countries including the
trade and financial policies that continue to
fuel their rise. (Adams, 2015)
When developing the framework for the
indicators the delegates should keep in mind
that the goals and targets apply to all
countries, not just developing countries, and
that they require reporting at the UN level,
not only at the national level or in preferred
forums like the Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD).
Developed countries cannot be let off the
hook on the basis of lack of comparability or
willingness to be held to the same standards.
Also it is essential to address the issue of
capacity and resources, across the board,
including that of all member states: some
cannot collect data, others collect incorrect
data; still others cannot analyze the data they
do collect; while still others lack systems to
report on it.
Topic
The topic for the committee has been
divided into 5 clusters of the 17 global
goals: Environment, Economic
Infrastructure, Education and Health, Justice
and Equality and Partnerships to achieve the
aforementioned goals. The explanation for
these goals are divided into three major
aspects:
The problems: the need for the
particular goals
The past actions by the United
Nations and Countries themselves
and
The post 2015 plan to achieve these
goals.
It is imperative for delegates to keep in mind
that the reasons why the Millennium
Development Goals failed in the past and
how countries can implement the sustainable
development goals. It is important for
countries to establish frameworks that can
help achieve aims such as having a unified
universal stance on the Kyoto Protocol,
following a universal monitoring system to
monitor the achievement of these
sustainable development goals.
Last, but not the least delegates need to
focus on QARMA and need to incorporate
all the aforementioned details in their
working papers and resolution. We look
forward to seeing you come up with
plausible frameworks for sustainable
development!
35 | P a g e
Questions
a
resolution
must
14. How can member states ensure long
lasting partnership to achieve all the
answer:
global goals by 2030
1. What were the drawbacks of These questions are very generic and it
previous efforts in environmental would be advisable that the delegates read
protection and how can they be each of the targets of all the global goals to
rectified understand the requirements and
2. What policy changes can expectations of a draft resolution on this
governments enact to ensure agenda.
sustainable environmental
rejuvenation
3. What is the role of multinational
corporations in the global
environmental movement and how References

can governments ensure compliance
to their policies Sustainable Development Goals. (2015).
4. What efforts can be made towards Retrieved from
terrestrial and maritime conservation https://sustainabledevelopment.un.or
5. How can sustainable cities and g/?menu=1300
communities contribute to A CLIMATE GROUP ASSESSMENT. (2010,
countering climate change January). Retrieved from THE
6. How can governments increase COPENHAGEN CLIMATE
wages and provide greater job SUMMIT:
opportunities http://www.theclimategroup.org/_ass
7. What international and/or local ets/files/TCG-Copenhagen-
efforts can be made to develop Assessment-Report-Jan10.pdf
economic infrastructure
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