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Composition of Hydrates Lab

3/10/16
Nicole Schalk & Noah Schneider
I. Purpose- To study two different hydrates change in appearance when becoming
anhydrous salts.

II. Procedure-
1. Gather materials and equipment to set up the figure shown.
2. Place the evaporating dish on the hottest part of the flame and heat for 3
minutes.
3. After heated, use the crucible tongs to remove the evaporating dish from
the ring stand and set it on the pod top to cool for 1 minute.
4. Using the digital balance, find the mass of the dish to +/- 0.01 grams and
record the mass into the data section.
5. Push the correct button to zero the balance.
6. Measure out as close as possible to 2.00 grams of a hydrate and put into
the evaporating dish. Take note of and record the exact mass of the hydrate used
in a data section.
7. Move the evaporating dish with the hydrate back to the wire gauze.
8. Heat the dish for 3 to 4 minutes while moving the burner back and forth so
it doesnt spatter. If spattering begins, remove the burner from the dish and lower
the gas at the jet.
9. Observe and record changes in the hydrates appearance like color or
texture change.
10. Heat the dish again at a stronger heat for another 5 to 6 minutes on a
higher flame. Once again, avoid spattering as much as possible.
11. Again, observe and record changes in appearance.
12. Remove the dish and let it cool for 1 minute. Then, immediately record the
combined mass of the evaporating dish and the anhydrous salt. Record findings
to the data section.
13. Repeat all steps for the remaining hydrate.

III. Materials
CuSO4 x, H20
MgSO4 x, H20
IV. Equipment
Evaporating Dish Wire Gauze
Crucible Tongs Digital Mass Balance
Microspatula Bunsen Burners
Ring Stand Stopwatches
Iron Ring Transferring pipets

V. Data
Mass of dish: 45.10g
Mass of Copper(II) Sulfate: 3.33g
Mass of dish Copper(II) Sulfate(anhydrous): 2.08g
Appearance change: dried up and turned to whitish, with a light green color.
Mass of dish: 45.15g
Mass of Magnesium Sulfate: 2.02g
Mass of dish plus Magnesium Sulfate (Anhydrous): 0.85g
Appearance changes: changed to a consistency like clay

VI. Calculations
Copper (II) Sulfate
1.3.33g-2.08g = 1.25g
2.1.25g/3.33gx100 = 37.5%
3.2.08g/3.33gx100 = 62.5%
Magnesium Sulfate
1.2.02g - 0.85g = 1.17g
2.1.17g/2.02gx100= 57.9%
3.0.85g/2.02gx100= 42.0%
VII. Questions
1. a. Lithium Nitrate Trihydrate b. Magnesium Sulfite Hexahydrate
c. Barium Iodide Dihydrate
2. a. (NH4)2C2O4 H20 b. FePO4 4H2O
c. SnCl4 5H2O
VIII. Conclusion
After taking part in this lab, it was learned that becoming an anhydrous salt
can change the appearance of a hydrate quickly or over time, and subtly or
drastically in appearance.

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