1 Reading: "Becoming a vegetarian"

Avoiding meat is only one part of the picture. A healthy vegetarian diet should be
rich in foods with known benefits.
People become vegetarians for many reasons, including health, religious
convictions, concerns about animal welfare or the use of antibiotics and hormones
in cattle, or a desire to eat in a way that avoids excessive use of environmental
resources. Some people follow a largely vegetarian diet because they can't afford
to eat meat. Vegetarianism has become more appealing and accessible, thanks to
the year-round availability of fresh produce, more vegetarian dining options, and
the growing culinary influence of cultures with largely plant-based diets.
Traditionally, research into vegetarianism focused mainly on potential nutritional
deficiencies, but in recent years, the pendulum has swung the other way, and
studies are confirming the health benefits of meat-free eating. Nowadays, plant-
based eating is recognized as not only nutritionally sufficient but also as a way to
reduce the risk for many chronic illnesses. In July 2009, the American Dietetic
Association weighed in with a position paper, concluding that "appropriately
planned vegetarian diets, including total vegetarian or vegan diets, are healthful,
nutritionally adequate, and may provide health benefits in the prevention and
treatment of certain diseases" (Journal of the American Dietetic Association, July
2009).
"Appropriately planned" is the operative term. Unless you follow recommended
guidelines on nutrition, fat consumption, and weight control, becoming a vegetarian
won't necessarily be good for you. A diet of soda, cheese pizza, and candy, after
all, is technically "vegetarian." For health, it's important to make sure that you eat a
wide variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. It's also vital to replace
saturated and trans fats with good fats, such as those found in nuts, olive oil, and
canola oil. And always keep in mind that if you eat too many calories, even from
nutritious, low-fat, plant-based foods, you'll gain weight. So it's also important to
practice portion control, read food labels, and engage in regular physical activity.
Adapted from:
http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletters/Harvard_Womens_Health_Watch/2009/
October/becoming-a-vegetarian
2 Reading: "Inventors"
JOHN LOGIE BAIRD

John Logie Baird was a Scottish inventor and engineer who was a pioneer in the development
of mechanical television. In 1924, Baird televised objects in outline. In 1925, he televised
human faces. In 1926, Baird was the first person to televise pictures of objects in motion. In
1930, Baird made the first public broadcast of a TV show, from his studio to the London
Coliseum Cinema. Baird developed a color television in 1928, and a stereo television in 1946.
Baird's mechanical television was usurped by electronic television, which he also worked on.

ARTHUR WYNNE

The crossword puzzle, a word game, was invented by Arthur Wynne in 1913. Arthur Wynne
was a journalist born in Liverpool, England. Wynne wrote weekly puzzle for the US newspaper
called the New York World. The first crossword puzzle by Wynne was a diamond-shaped
puzzle that was published in the Sunday New York World on December 21, 1913. The first
British crossword puzzle appeared on February 1922; it was published in Pearson's Magazine.

EARLE DICKSON

Bandages for wounds had been around since ancient times, but an easy-to-use dressing with
an adhesive was invented by Earle Dickson (a cotton buyer at the Johnson & Johnson
company). Dickson perfected the BAND-AID in 1920, making a small, sterile adhesive
bandage for home use. Dickson invented the BAND-AID for his wife, who had many kitchen
accidents and needed an easy-to-use wound dressing. Dickson was rewarded for his invention
by being a vice-president of the Johnson & Johnson company.

RICHARD G. DREW

Richard G. Drew invented masking tape and clear adhesive tape. Drew was an engineer for
the 3M company (the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing).

Drew's first tape invention was a masking tape made for painters in 1923 in order to help them
paint a straight border between two colors. This early masking tape was a wide paper tape with
adhesive on only the edges of the tape - not in the middle. Drew made an improved tape called
Scotch (TM) Brand Cellulose Tape in 1930. This tape was a clear, all-purpose adhesive tape
that was soon adopted worldwide.

Adapted from: http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/1900a.shtml

3 Reading: "Moving on"
Several years went by. Then Father Boone called the family together. "Pack your things," he
told them. "We are leaving here. Boones never stay long in one place. Besides, our farm land is
worn out. We can buy rich land cheap to the southwest of here. We will settle there."

Sixteen-year-old Daniel was happy. "I'm glad we are going," he said. "I feel crowded here.
There are too many houses and too many people. And the game is getting scarce."

Father Boone made ready for the journey. He got out the big wagon and hitched two horses to
it. Mother Boone packed clothes, quilts, dishes, pots, pans, and kettles. She would fix food for
the family along the way. Daniel tied a cow behind the wagon.

The family said good-bye to the neighbors and to their old home, and started. Mother, the girls,
and the little children rode in the wagon. Father and the boys took turns riding the horses.
Sometimes all of the Boones walked so that the horses could rest. Father and the boys had
guns to kill birds and small animals for food along the way.

The Boones traveled across Pennsylvania. On and on they went toward the new country. At
last the family came to the rolling, green Yadkin Valley in North Carolina. There were a few
houses there already, but it was much wilder than in Pennsylvania.

Father Boone said, "This is good farming land. We will stop here."

Daniel looked all about him. There was level land close by. There were woods not far away.
And there were mountains in the west. Daniel knew the hunting would be good.

"I like this place," he said. "There's plenty of room here."

Father Boone and the boys jumped of the horses. Mother Boone and the girls climbed
down from the wagon. They fed the horses and the cow. They made a campfire. Father and the
boys cut down trees and started to build a log house. Soon the Boones had a new home in the
new land.

The years went by. Daniel grew taller. His shoulders became wider. He was fair- haired and
blue-eyed, lean and rugged. He hunted in the woods of the Yadkin Valley. He often brought
home deer and bear. The Boones' neighbors said that Daniel was the best shot for miles
around. Daniel Boone had grown up.

4 Reading: "Grace Darling"

It was a dark September morning. There was a storm at sea. A ship had been driven onto a low
rock off the shores of the Farne Islands. It had been broken in two by the waves, and half of it
had been washed away. The other half lay yet on the rock, and those of the crew who were still
alive were clinging to it. But the waves were dashing over it, and in a little while it too would be
carried to the bottom of the sea. Could anyone save the poor, half-drowned men who were
there? On one of the islands was a light-house; and there, all through that stormy night, Grace
Darling had listened to the storm. Grace was the daughter of the light-house keeper, and she
had lived by the sea as long as she could remember. In the darkness of the night, above the
noise of the winds and waves, she heard screams and wild cries. When day-light came, she
could see the wreck, a mile away, with the angry waters all around it. She could see the men
clinging to the masts. "We must try to save them!" she cried. "Let us go out in the boat at once!"
"It is of no use, Grace," said her father. "We cannot reach them." He was an old man, and he
knew the force of the mighty waves. "We cannot stay here and see them die," said Grace. "We
must at least try to save them." Her father could not say, "No." In a few minutes they were
ready. They set off in the heavy lighthouse boat. Grace pulled one oar, and her father the other,
and they made straight toward the wreck. But it was hard rowing against such a sea, and it
seemed as though they would never reach the place. At last they were close to the rock, and
now they were in greater danger than before. The fierce waves broke against the boat, and it
would have been dashed in pieces, had it not been for the strength and skill of the brave girl.

After many tries, Grace's father finally climbed upon the wreck, while Grace herself held the
boat. Then one by one the worn-out crew were helped on board. It was all that the girl could do
to keep the frail boat from being drifted away, or broken upon the sharp edges of the rock. Then
her father clambered back into his place. Strong hands grasped the oars, and soon all were
safe in the lighthouse. There Grace proved to be no less tender as a nurse than she had been
brave as a sailor. She cared most kindly for the ship-wrecked men until the storm had died
away and they were strong enough to go to their own homes. All this happened a long time
ago, but the name of Grace Darling will never be forgotten. She lies buried now in a little
church-yard by the sea, not far from her old home. Every year many people go there to see her
grave; and there is a monument has been placed in honor of the brave girl. It is not a large
monument, but it is one that speaks of the noble deed which made Grace Darling famous. It is
a figure carved in stone of a woman lying at rest, with a boat's oar held fast in her right hand.

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Grammar Section
Unit 2: Use of -ING Forms

Choose the correct sentence where the preposition and phrasal verb are appropriately used:
Seleccione una:

a. The cashier hands out the money without said a word.

b. The cashier hands out the money without says a word.

c. The cashier handed out the money without saying a word.

d. The cashier handed out the money without say a word.

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Reading Section
Unit 2: Present Perfect Tense

Answer the question according to the "Moving on":

Who has grown up in the family?

Seleccione una:
a. Father Boone

b. Daniel
c. Mother Boone

d. Any member of the Boone Family

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Grammar Section
Unit 2: Use of-ING Forms

Complete the sentence using the appropriate words:

Have you Respuesta

seen

a worse performance than the Hohum Cultural societys production?

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Grammar Section
Unit 2: Past Progressive

Choose the correct sentence where the past progressive is appropriately used:

Seleccione una:

a. He was driving to work when he calling me.

b. When he called me, he drived to work.

c. When he called me he was driving to work.

d. When he called me, he was driving to work.

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Grammar Section
Unit 1: Time and Enough Clause

According to the study of past progressive in the online contents, choose the correct answer to
reply to the dialogue:
A : Santiago, do you remember Steven? That guy, he could speak several languages?

Seleccione una:

a. B: I dont know who is he. Who he is?

b. B: I think so; he is the guy that drives a suburban truck on the beach.

c. B: Yes, I remember. He speaks English and Spanish with my friend Maria.

d. B: Oh yes, I remember him. He is the guy who speaks 5 different languages.

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Writing Section
Unit 2: Time and Enough Clauses

Choose the best option that completes the following dialogue:

A: How long have you worked in the International Bank?

Seleccione una:

a. For yesterday.
b. Since 2010 until now.

c. A long time ago.

d. For tomorrow.

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Reading Section
Unit 2: Present Perfect Tense

Answer the question according to the "Moving on":

When the Boone family was on the path, which kind of animals has Boone family
hunted along the way?

Seleccione una:
a. They hunted birds and big animals.

b. They have hunted small animals and birds.

c. They are hunting cows and horses.

d. They have had hunted cows and birds.

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Grammar Section
Unit 2: Phrasal Verbs

Complete the dialogue appropriately:

A: My car broke down, I don't know what to do.

Seleccione una:
a. B: Study the machine first.

b. B: My father can do it.

c. B: You can fix the tyres.

d. B: Go to the mechanic.

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Vocabulary Section
Unit 1: Modal Verbs

Choose the correct meaning of MUST in the sentence:

You must pay your bills every month.

Seleccione una:
a. Obligation

b. Suggestion

c. Ability

d. Advice

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Grammar Section
Unit 2: Tag question

Complete the sentence using the appropriate Tag Question:

Mary is an excellent actress, Respuesta

isn't she?

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Vocabulary Section
Unit 1: Modal Verbs

Choose the correct meaning of WOULD in the sentence:

Would you mind mailing this for me?

Seleccione una:
a. Obligation

b. Suggestion

c. Ability
d. Request

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Writing Section
Unit 1: Modal verbs

The correct way to write this:

"We ougth to go together" is:

Seleccione una:
a. We ougth to go together.

b. We ought to go together.

c. We ought to go togheter.

d. We ought to go toghether.

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Reading Section
Unit 2: Phrasal Verbs

Answer the question according to the "Moving on":

In Paragraph number seventh, the words "Jumped off and climbed down" means:

Seleccione una:
a. Ascent into the horse and the wagon.

b. Go up into the horse and the wagon.

c. Carry on the path.

d. Descend from the horse and the wagon.

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Reading Section
Unit 1: Compound Adjectives and Modal Verbs

Answer the question according to the "INVENTORS":

What is the most useful invention that can be used at home?

Seleccione una:
a. The crossword puzzle because it entertains.

b. The bandages for wounds, because it prevents accidents.

c. The masking tape, because it has different uses.

d. The mechanical television because it provides information.

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Writing Section
Unit 2: Future Tense

Complete de dialogue using the future tense appropriately:

A: Do you have any plan for this weekend?
B: Yes, Probably I Respuesta
will

go to Cartagena, But I Respuesta

amgoing to

Travel to San Andres the next month for

sure.
A: Ohh, awesome

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Vocabulary Section
Unit 2: Phrasal verbs

Choose the correct meaning of "JUMP UP" in the following sentence:

He just jumped up and ran out the office

Seleccione una:
a. Attack

b. To move your body off the ground using your legs.

c. Do something when told to.

d. Move between ideas.

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Reading Section
Unit 2: Present Perfect Tense

Complete the sentence appropriately according the "Grace Darling":

Grace has lived Respuesta

by the sea as long as she could remember.

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Reading Section
Unit 2: Tag Questions
What could be the best tag question according the following sentence of the "Moving on":

She could see the wreck, a mile away, with the angry waters all around it. She could
see the men clinging to the masts

Seleccione una:
a. She is not seeing the wreck and the men clinging to the mast, is she?

b. She is seeing the wreck and the men clinging to the mast, is she?

c. She could see the wreck and the men clinging to the mast, could she?

d. She had seen the wreck and the men clinging to the mast, hadnt she?

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Reading Section
Unit 1: Compound Adjectives and Modal Verbs

Answer the question according to the "INVENTORS":

Who began working with objects before with people?

Seleccione una:
a. Arthur Wynne
b. Earle Dickson

c. Richard G. Drew

d. John Logie Baird

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Vocabulary Section
Unit 2: Phrasal verbs

Choose correct option according to the definition:

To increase the speed or intensity.

Seleccione una:
a. Turn off

b. Turn down

c. Turn on

d. Turn up
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Vocabulary Section
Unit 2: Past Tense

Choose correct option according to the definition:

You use this word to say how much time has passed since something happened.

Seleccione una:
a. Since

b. For

c. Ago

d. Just

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Reading Section
Unit 2: Present Perfect Tense

Answer the question according to the "Moving on":

What objects Mother Boone has packed?

Seleccione una:
a. She has packed clothes, quilts, dishes, pots, pans, and kettles.

b. She has packed her clothes and personal thinks.

c. A big wagon.

d. She has packed the cow and the family.

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Vocabulary Section
Unit 1: Modal Verbs

Choose the correct meaning of CAN in the sentence:

Nairo can ride the bicycle during Giro dItalia in 2014.

Seleccione una:
a. Advice

b. Suggestion

c. Obligation

d. Ability

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Grammar Section
Unit 2: Apologizing/Expressing regret

Complete the dialogue appropriately:

A: Would you like to go out with me tonight?

Seleccione una:

a. B: No, she allows to go to the beach.

b. B: No, I didn't like.

c. B: No, she refuses to pay for the costs of repairing his car.

d. B: Perfect, I approve your invitation. I would like to go to a restaurant.

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Vocabulary Section
Unit 2: Phrasal verbs

Choose the correct meaning of "BREAK DOWN" in the following sentence:

My car broke down and I was in the garage for three hours while they repaired it.

Seleccione una:
a. To fail to function.

b. To begin suddenly.
c. To move rapidly away from or ahead of a group.

d. To train or adapt for a purpose.

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