a Schlumberger product group
WORKFLOW TOOLS
ADVANCED UPSCALING MODULE (AU)
A wide range of upscaling
techniques are provided
to resample fine-scale
geological models to
coarser-scale simulation
models.
Key Benefits
Coarser-scale
simulation grid
constructed from the
same 3D fault model as
the fine-scale geological
grid. This ensures
consistency between the
two grids.
Standard averaging
techniques and flow-
based tensor upscaling
are available for property
upscaling.
Grid
Petrel allows different
methods for upscaling a
model, including importing
a grid and tying it to
the geological grid. This
flexibility gives the user a
powerful tool that caters
to both simple and more
complex models.
The grid framework
is upscaled with a pillar
gridding process which
allows complex structures
to be incorporated.
This accurate structural
framework is used for both
geological and simulation
grids, ensuring high quality
upscaling results.
Zone mapping and
property upscaling can then
be carried out.
Averaging methods
Properties can be
averaged with one of
five different algorithms.
The zone mapping
feature allows the user to
decide which fine layers
correspond to a coarse
layer.
Coarse scaled simulation grid model.
Forced Layer Sampling
forces the layers within a
zone to be upscaled into
the boundaries of the
coarser grid, thus
honoring the zone
mapping, no matter what
the Z values in the two
grids might be. Fine scaled geological model.
Match Actual Z Values Flow based tensor
will honor the z value. This upscaling
will give a more accurate
When a permeability
result in some cases. (e.g.
when the coarse grid is a property is upscaled from
rectangular box) a fine geological grid to a
coarser simulation grid,
In some cases the a block of grid cells from
contribution from fine the fine grid will have
grid cells may need to be a direction dependant
weighted with volumes permeability. This can
and or other properties be modeled using a
to give a good result. This permeability tensor.
avoids incorrect or skewed The default output is
values in the resulting permeability properties for
cell. Volume and property X, Y and Z. The user may
weighting can be used also ask for the coupling
with any of the averaging terms XY, XZ and YZ.
methods. A skin zone can be defined
to include cells outside the
Several algorithms reach of a coarse cell in the
are also available for calculation of the upscaled
discrete properties. permeability. Using a skin
Choose between Most of, is primarily of interest if
Minimum, Maximum and there are few cells inside
Arithmetic. each upscaled cell. The skin
October 2002
ADVANCED UPSCALING MODULE (AU)

zone will then improve the Why upscale? is simply a matter of

pressure field calculation
and the accuracy of the
solution.
Quality Control
Quality control should
always be carried out
to verify the results. The
histogram and statistics
in Petrel are used to
compare the upscaled
result and the original
model. These features
provide the user with
information describing
the value distribution for
each segment, each zone
or the entire field. The
filter function can be used
to display certain areas
of interest, or to display
cells with values within a
given range. The upscaling
process is fast and simple
to perform, so it is easy
to re-run the process for
better results.
Faster updating the geological
Simpler grid and re-running the
Data Consistency upscaling process.
Instead of making a Related functionality
geological model and a Pillar Gridding
simulation model, it is Property Modeling
easier and faster to upscale Zig-zag type faults for
using a single consistent simulation grids
model. Visualize I, J and
Upscaling allows K-layers as well as
reservoir engineers to filtering fault blocks
create a coarse reservoir and zones
model from a fine Bulk and geometrical
geomodel. The simplified volume calculation
model is used in the Export of 3D grid
reservoir simulator. through ECLIPSE, CMG,
The simulation grid has VIP and Rescue format
fewer and larger grid cells
so the simulation can be
run quickly. The grid is
characterised by zig-zag
type faults and orthogonal
grid cells.
Updating the simulation
grid when new geological
data becomes avaliable

Required Modules
Well Correlation
The user interface is easy Open Spirit
to understand and straight 3D Interpretation
forward to use. Seismic
Visualization &
Interpretation Seismic Volume Rendering & Extraction
Powerful operations, where
Base System

settings can be copied and Seismic Depth Conversion & Sampling*

pasted. 3D Grid Depth Conversion
Excellent images for better Production and Simulation Data Analysis
understanding and navigation.
Facies Modeling
All settings are stored with 3D Grid
the model. Petrophysical Modeling
Tool tips to guide the user.
Builder
Well Design
On line manual.
Advanced Upscaling
Easy access to related
functionality. Surface Imaging (Satellite Images)
Data Analysis
* also requiers 3D Grid Depth Conversion Module

For more information contact: sales@petrelworkflow.com

or visit www.petrelworkflow.com. SIS is on the internet at www.sis.slb.com a Schlumberger product group