By means of aeration, the removal of the dissolved organic wastewater

constituents as well as the elimination of nitrogen and phosphorus must be

achieved.

Sbr plants are fed continuously or discontinuously (batchwise) with

wastewater.
The SBR process with a wastewater feed over a time-limited period (filling
phase) has been developed to make the process control largely independent
of the fluctuations of the volume flow and the contaminant load in the sewage
plant inlet as well as to improve the sedimentation of the activated sludge.
In the case of discontinuous feed, the process corresponds to a cascade-
shaped tank with the special feature that the individual process phases
(aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic mixture as well as sedimentation) run along a
time axis in the same basin.

In basins that are filled within a limited time interval, the changes in the
sewage plant inlet occurring after the filling phase have not had any effect on
the process. The duration of the individual process phases can be lengthened
or shortened according to the current conditions,
So that the desired effluent limit values are reliably maintained.
It should be noted, however, that this strategy can only be successful if the
system has a sufficiently high hydraulic capacity and ensures that the
measuring and control devices operate reliably. Therefore, in practice, this
method is rarely used so far.

SBR systems are applicable for the cleaning of wastewater whose contents
are available to biological treatment. In this respect, there are no fundamental
differences to the classical activated method with continuous operation.
SBR systems are modular. Reaction and sedimentation take place in a
separate tank. In the case of small sewage treatment plants, it is thus possible
to operate without additional system. In addition, the modular design allows
simple expansion of the sewage treatment plant.

Changes to the operating technology are realized in SBR systems by

modifying the durations and sequences of the individual phases within one
cycle and by implementing the time control.
The cycle times can be changed manually by sewage treatment plant staff on
the basis of experience (current analyzes or foreseeable changes in the
sewage treatment plant, for example in the case of seasonal operators in the
catchment area).
There is also the possibility to control the operation of the accumulation
system in a computer-assisted manner and thus to react flexibly to
fluctuations in the sewage plant inlet. Prerequisites for this
However:
(1) highly qualified sewage treatment plant personnel,
(2) a reliable measuring technique
And (3) A cycle design that allows variable cycle durations.

The computer-assisted control system is recommended, in particular, in the

case of highly loaded systems with little or no reserve volume Of method
variant 3 (see section 3.2)....

At low load on the sewage treatment plant, individual basin can be taken out
of service by extending the downtime in the cycle to hours to days.
The activated sludge can be ventilated or mixed at intervals, in order to keep it
active.

With a short filling time and a large exchange ratio (f), large concentration
gradients result in the accumulation units over the cycle duration which
approximates an ideal flow of propulses.
The constant exchange of high and low substrate concentrations has a
positive effect on sludge settlability (selector effect). The requirements for
nitrogen elimination are, however, limited by a large exchange ratio.
Specificities are to be taken into account in the case of the batch feed and at
the same time in the raw water contained inhibitors.

In the case of simple decomposition tests and in laboratory scale research,

accumulation systems offer the advantage that they can be operated with very
little effort. Often a beaker with agitator, an aquarium aerator and a simple
timer are enough.
However, it must be noted that the determined kinetic and stoichiometric
values can be differentiated from the values in continuously flowing plants.
Is used for biological wastewater treatment (sludge process),

The biological purification processes and the separation of the activated

sludge from the purified effluent in one and the same basin.

The water level in the basin is raised by the discharge of the sewage to be
treated (accumulation)

The purified wastewater is withdrawn batchwise from the basin (batch

operation).

The reactor, in which the biological purification processes as well as the

separation of activated sludge and purified waste water takes place, will be
referred to as "sbr".
sbr can consist of one or more tank. The technical equipment of the tank
consists at least of waste water feed, clear water extraction system, ventilation
device, excess sludge removal and possibly mixing device. In addition, if the
wastewater feed is to be batch-wise in time-limited time intervals, one or more
preliminary containers or a multi-streamed operation are required.
A hydraulic balancing of the sludge-like clear water removal can be necessary
at small pre-flows

Processes in which the biological processes and the separation of the

animated sludge take place in the same basin, but the filling level of the basin
is kept constant during the treatment, cannot be added to the accumulation
method and therefore are not considered in the following.

Processes which are also batchwise operated but in which biofilms or

membranes (e.g.
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor, SBBR) are excluded from this brochure.

The time interval, beginning with the completion of the clean water extraction
and ending with the completion of the next clear water withdrawal, is referred
to as a cycle. Each cycle is divided into a series of process phases (Figure 2).

cycle
Time interval required for the filling, the biological processes and the
separation of the animated sludge from the purified water and the discharge of
the clear water and the excess sludge. The cycle can be divided into the
working phase and the standstill phase.

Working phase
Time interval which comprises the cycle duration minus the waiting period or
standstill period (s).
Reaction phase
Time interval, while aerobic, anaerobic or
Anoxic biological processes.
Filling phase
Time, during which the waste water to be
Into the dowel.

Mixing phase
During which the contents of the dowel are mixed without oxygen supply and
anoxic and / or anaerobic milieu conditions are established.

Phase for biological phosphate rejection Anaerobic time interval in the mixing
phase.
Ventilation phase
Time interval during which the container contents are vented.
Sedimentation phase
Time intervall, while the animated mud sediments.
Clear water withdrawal phase
Time, during which the clear water and, if
The excess sludge is withdrawn.
Stability phase
Time interval, during which the plug-in waits for a new filling (optional).
The cleaning performance and the process stability of an aeration system with
a sbr are permanently determined by the following process parameters:
Cycle time,
sequence of the individual process phases,
Duration of the individual process phases,
Volume exchange ratio (ratio of the supplied
Respectively withdrawn volume to the volume of the dowel)
as
Excess sludge removal (to adjust the Sludge).
Since waste water is subject to fluctuations, it is possible to work either with
constant cycle times, where different amounts of waste water are processed in
each cycle, or variable cycle duration and a constant, maximum filling can be
used.
Mixing forms are also possible

A: Flow parameter of the e-function for describing the settling process

fA: Volume exchange ratio

Hkwe: Klarwasserhhe bei Dekantierende
Hs: Hhe des Schlammspiegels
Hw: Wasserspiegelhhe im Aufstaubecken
Hw,e:Wasserspiegelhhe bei Dekantierende
Hwo:Schlammspiegelhhe zu Beginn des Absetzens
Hse:Relative Endschlammspiegelhhe, bezogen auf H

The minimum volume represents the volume fraction in the reactors, which is
absolutely necessary to maintain the biological processes and, if necessary, to
stabilize them.
The required sludge mass is maintained in this volume.
It is not exceeded in any phase of a cycle. Which TS can be achieved is
determined by the selected ISV and the exchange ratio via the sludge settling
curve.