ITU Kaleidoscope 2015

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5G Transport and Broadband
Access Networks: The Need for
New Technologies and Standards
Pham Tien Dat1, Atsushi Kanno1, Naokatsu
Yamamoto1, and Tetsuya Kawanishi1,2
1National Institute of Information and Communication

Technology (NICT), Japan

2Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

1
 Outline

Motivations
5G transport challenges
Proposed technologies:
Analog radio over fiber (ARoF)
Intermediate frequency over fiber (IFoF)
Radio on radio (RoR)
Seamless convergence of fiber and millimeter-wave

Standardization activities
Conclusion and outlook

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 Motivations

5G mobile networks ITU Connect 2020

. 1000x capacity/km2
ICTs: key enabler
Higher system
capacity for social, and
Higher data
Reduced sustainable
rate
. 100x typical data rate
Latency growth.
(Even for high mobility) . RAN latency: < 1ms
5G 2020: 90%
Massive device
broadband
Energy saving &
connectivity cost reduction
coverage for rural
. Energy saving for NW & terminals worldwide
. 100x connected devices
(Even in crowded areas)
. Reduced NW cost incl. backhaul
Source: NTT Docomo While paper 2014

Needs for new transport

technologies and standards
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 5G transport network challenges

Ubiquitous Best
Amazing things experience
speed communicating follows you

bit-rate, simple devices, Accessibility,

delay coverage mobility
Great Super real-
service in a time and
crowd reliable
connections

Accessibility, delay,
dense crowds reliability

Transport: different requirements, low cost, simple,

high data rate, flexible
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 Analog radio over fiber systems-1
Digitized transmission
Center Remote

IQ Optical Tx Optical Rx
D/A IQ Mod BB to RF
signals (Digital) (Digital)

Very high data rate; long latency; synchronization and

jitter problems; highspeed D/A and A/D (high cost).

Analog transmission
Center Remote
IQ Optical Tx Optical Rx
signals D/A IQ Mod
(Analog) (Analog)

Low bandwidth; low latency; no synchronization and

jitter; co-transmission; better co-operation.
D/A: Digital to Analog
IQ: In-phase/Quadrature BB to RF: Baseband to Radio Frequency
Barcelona, Spain, 9-11 December 2015 IQ Mod: IQ modulation Tx/Rx: Transmitter/Receiver 5
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 Analog radio over fiber systems-2
-28 10
Carrier fre. at 5 GHz Required Required Carrier at 2 GHz
Carrier fre. at 10 Ghz Carrier at 6 GHz
8 Carrier at 12 GHz
-32 Carrier fre. at 15 GHz
EVM (dB)

EVM (%)
-36
4

-40
2

-44 0
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
RF Tx. Power (dBm) Tx. RF. Power (dBm)
WLAN 802.11 ac signal LTE-A signal

Satisfactory performance; degradation at high fre.

Further studies: improvement methods
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EVM: Error Vector Magnitude 6
 Intermediate frequency over fiber-1
Radio over fiber
MMW

HS-
PD
Low spectral efficiency, high cost

Intermediate frequency over fiber

PD

PD

High spectral efficiency, low cost, matured technology

Barcelona, Spain, 9-11 December 2015 PD: Photodiode; MMW: Millimeter-wave 7
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 Intermediate frequency over fiber-2

10
Centre Laser
LD
Attenuator Amplifier Required 20-m SMF
20-km SMF
LTE-A Mod. 8 40-km SMF

Amplifier
12 GHz

EVM (%)
Local
Laser Mod. Oscillator 6

Remote PD Filter
X4 4

Attenuator
Amplifier
LTE-A Down.
2
Mixer PD Filter -19 -17 -15 -13 -11 -9 -7
Rx. Opt. Power (dBm)

Experiment setup LTE-A signal

Satisfactory performance, low fiber dispersion

Other issues: LO signal delivery; improved methods
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Mod: Modulator; PD: Photodiode 8
 Radio on radio-1

Millimeter-wave and terahertz wave:

Digitized transmission: high data
rate, high cost

Analog transmission (Radio on

Radio): low required data rate,
cost effective
96 GHz
Center Local Remote
Oscillator
3m
Amplifier Amplifier Amplifier

LTE-A Down. LTE-A

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 Radio on radio-2
Required Required
8 9

QPSK signal 8 QPSK signal

7
16-QAM signal 16-QAM signal
64-QAM signal 7 64-QAM signal
6

EVM (%)
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
(b)
2 2
-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -21 -19 -17 -15 -13 -11
Tx. RF. Power (dBm) Tx. MMW. Power (dBm)
Received LTE-A Vs Tx. Power (LTE-A) Vs Tx. Power (MMW)

Satisfied performance, MMW link up to 1.5 km

Some signal degradation because of distortions
Issues: compensation methods, device integration,
standardizations
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 Convergence of fiber and radio-1
High-speed radio

Optical fiber

Protection link against fiber being cut at disaster
Temporal link to at disaster recovery
Last mile solution until optical fiber deployment
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 Convergence of fiber and radio-2
Conventional system
Radio access unit

E/O conv.
Radio FE
O/E conv.

Radio FE

DSP
Optical

DSP
Optical
Tx Rx
Opt. sig. Opt. Sig.

Local Local
Oscillator Large latency Oscillator
Large power consumption
RoF-based convergence

E/O conv.
Radio FE
O/E conv.
Radio FE

Optical
Optical coherent
Tx RoF sig. Rx
RoF sig.
Opt. LO

Simple, low latency, low power consumption, simple

operation and management
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 Convergence of fiber and radio-3
10
16-QAM, 30-km SMF
DEMUX
64-QAM, 30-km SMF
Two-tone
Gen. 16-QAM, 50-km SMF
20 km 8
Mod. Amplifier 64-QAM, 50-km SMF
PD

EVM (%)
Remote 6 Required
Center LTE-A Access

Remote 4
cells 92.5 GHz
3m
Amplifier Amplifier

LTE-A Down. 2
-10 -5 0 5 10 15
Tx. RF. Power (dBm)

Experiment setup LTE-A signal performance

High performance, possible high-capacity trans.

Issues: high-speed real-time, standardizations

PD: Photodiode
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ITU Kaleidoscope 2015 - Trust in the Information Society Two-tone Gen.: Optical two tone signal generator
 Standardization activities

Activities:
ITU-T SG15 Q2: Passive Optical Network with RoF
Publication: ITU-T G.Suppl.55 Radio-over-fiber (RoF)
technologies and their applications
ASTAP EG-SACS: RoF systems for Asian pacific countries
IEC TC103: Precise measurement techniques for RoF
components
IEEE802: .15.3d, .15 IG THz
Possible issues in standardization:
Interfaces between RoF and digital networks
RoF network architecture, and requirements
Control of cells and networks
Measurement techniques for RoF components
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 Conclusions

5G and broadband access networks poses many

challenges to the transport networks.
The need for a variety of technologies and standards to
serve different use cases
Proposed technologies for flexible, cost effective solutions:
Analog radio over fiber
Intermediate frequency over fiber
Radio on Radio (RoR)
Seamless convergence of fiber and radio
Other issues:
Convergence of fixed and mobile networks
Co-design, co-operation/optimization of optical and radio
Standardization activities
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 Acknowledgement
This work was conducted as a part of the Research and
development for expansion of radio wave resources," supported
by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC),
Japan.

Thank you for your attention!

ptdat@nict.go.jp

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