Sine= Opposite/Hypotenuse Cosine= Adjacent/Hypotenuse Tangent=

Opposite/Adjacent
Cosecant= Hypotenuse/Opposite Secant= Hypotenuse/Adjacent Cotangent=
Adjacent/Opposite
An acronym to help remember the how to find each trig function is SOH CAH TOA.

In order to find all of the trig functions, first you need to find the value of the third side. By using
pythagorean theorem you can figure out that the third side equals 3.

To find sine take the opposite side from x which is 4, and put that over the hypotenuse which is
5. So sine= 4/5
To find cosine take the line that is adjacent to x which is 3, and put it over the hypotenuse which
is 5. So cosine= 3/5.
To find tangent take the line that is opposite from x which is 4, and put it over the value of the
line that is adjacent to x which is 3. So tangent= 4/3
To find the other three trig functions, all you have to do is write the reciprocal of the ones you
have already found.
To find cosecant, flip the fraction for sine. So cosecant= 5/4
Secant is the opposite of cosine so secant= 5/3 and cotangent is the opposite of tangent so
cotangent=
Finding Angles

In order to find the value of x or y you use the angles along with trig functions. To find x or y,
you plug the value of an angle into a function such as tan38 or cos52 and then set that equal to
the opposite over adjacent for tangent, the adjacent over hypotenuse for cosine, or the opposite
over hypotenuse for sine. There are multiple ways to find both x and y. One way to find x is to
set it up like this: tan38=4/x. When the number is on top you divide the number by what is on
the left of the equals sign and when the number is on the bottom you multiply the number by
what is on the left side of the equals sign and that gives you the value of the variable. So in this
case, you divide 4 by tan38 and x=5.1198. One way that you could find y would be to set it up
as cos52=4/y. Then you would divide 4 by cos52 and y=
Unit Circle
To find the degrees when you go around the unit circle, in each quadrant you add 30 degrees,
15 degrees, 15 degrees, and then 30 degrees and start over once you reach a new quadrant.
To find the radians you convert the degrees by multiplying by /180 and then simplify.

https://dj1hlxw0wr920.cloudfront.net/userfiles/wyzfiles/b1473f3a-743d-4580-a7a8-237ff4ca6d9a.
png
Quadrants and Angles
To find the trig functions for a coordinate you first have to draw it and label the angle you are
using. For example, the drawing for the coordinate (3,-4) would look like this:

Then, you draw another line to turn it into a triangle.

Once you do this, you can label two sides of your triangle based on your coordinate and then
use the pythagorean theorem to find the hypotenuse.

Now to find the trig functions you just use x as your angle!
sinx= -4/5 cscx= 5/-4
cosx= 3/5 secx= 5/3
tanx= -4/3 cotx= 3/-4
How do you know what is positive? Just remember all students take classes!

Terminal and Coterminal Angles

A terminal angle is the measure of the angle. It can be either positive or negative depending on
which way it was rotated around the circle. The terminal angle in the example below is 58
degrees.

Coterminal angles have the same standard position. In order to find them you can add 360 to
the terminal angles so for example, the coterminal angle for 58 degrees would be 418 degrees
because 58+360=418. You can have both positive and negative coterminal angles, to find
positive coterminal angles you add 360 degrees until you reach a positive number and to find
negative coterminal angles you subtract 360 degrees until you reach a negative number.

Trig Identities
sin+cos= 1
1+tan= sec
1+cot= cos
When proving trig identities are true you work on only one side of the equation and one of the
first steps is to turn everything into sine and cosine. Tangent is equal to sin/cosine and
cotangent is equal to cosine/sine. For example with the problem

Cot= cos/sin and tan= sin/cos which means that the equation really says

So both sides are equal.

Need more help? Click on the link below!

http://depts.gpc.edu/~mcse/CourseDocs/math1113Supplements/1113VerifyingTrigIdentities.pdf
Graphing Trig Functions
In order to graph trig functions you first have to make sure your calculator is in radian mode.
Just like any other graph, they can be shifted left, right, up and down as well and are like the
unit circle rolled out into a graph. The points are the same as those on the unit circle.
A period is how often the wave repeats on a graph, for sines and cosines the formula for the
period is 2/b.
To find the amplitude you figure out how far up and how far down the graph goes from the
midline, the amplitude is always positive. The bigger the amplitude the taller the graph is. The
amplitude is always the number before the trig function, for example in y(x)= 2cos(x) the
amplitude is 2.

In the graph the amplitude is 1 because its highest and lowest points are 1 away from the
midline. The number that controls how squished the graph is can be found inside the trig
function. 3 controls how squished it is in the equation y(x)= sin(3x)
Phase shift is how far the graph is shifted left or right, to find the phase shift you look inside the
parenthesis and factor out anything that is being multiplied to the variable and then look at what
is being added or subtracted to the variable and thats the phase shift. For example if the
equation was f(x)= sin(x+/2)+3 then you would only focus on (x+/2). You would factor out
and be left with (x+) and you can figure out that is the phase shift so the graph will be
shifted one half of a unit to the left.
Law of Sines and Law of Cosines
If there are more sides than angles you use Law of Cosines, if there are more angles than sides
you use Law of Sines. For example, if you have 2 sides and 1 angle(SAS), or 3 sides(SSS) you
use Law of Cosines. To use Law of Sines, you have to have either 2 angles and 1 side(ASA,
AAS) or 1 angle and two sides(ASS). It is important to remember that having 1 angle and 2
sides is known as an ambiguous case triangle and in some circumstances they do not exist.
The Law of Sines:

The capital letters represent angles and the lowercase letters represent sides. To use this law,
you make a check mark. For example, if you needed to find c but you knew what SinC, SinA,
and a were you would draw a line connecting SinC and a and then multiply them and draw the
other part of the check mark up to SinA and divide SinC times a by SinA. It would look like this:

Sin47(9)/Sin101=6.7054

The Law of Cosines has three different formulas:

a= b+c - 2bcCosA
b= a+c - 2acCosB
c= a+b - 2abCosC
To use the law of cosines you plug in each value to an equation and solve. If you were given
this triangle:

The equation would be 8= 11+4 - 2(11)(4) CosA

To solve you would do 8 -11 -4= -73. Then you would do -73/-2=36.5 and then divide
36.5/11= 3.318214 and then 3.318214/4 =.8295 and finally entering 2nd Cos(.8295) in the
calculator which would equal 33.9479