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Fx = 0 Fy = 0 M A = 0
r r
r r r
TBD = TBD rD rB
rD rB
r r r
2.4i + 1.2 j 2.4k
= TBD
3.6
( 2
r
)
r 2r
= TBD 3 i + 3 j 3 k
1
r r
r rC rE
TEC = TEC r r
Create a free-body diagram for the rC rE
sign. r r r
1.8i + 0.9 j + 0.6k
Since there are only 5 unknowns, = TEC
the sign is partially constrain. It is 2.1
( )
r r r
free to rotate about the x axis. It is, = TEC 0.85i + 0.428 j + 0.285k
however, in equilibrium for the
given loading.
Example problem 4
r r r r r
rF = A + TBD + TEC (1200 N ) j = 0
i : Ax 0.67TBD 0.86TEC = 0
r
j : Ay + 0.33TBD + 0.43TEC 1200 N = 0
r
k : Az 0.67TBD + 0.29TEC = 0
r r r r r r r
=
r A B BD E EC
M r T + r T + (1.2 m )i ( 1200 N ) j =0
j : 1.6TBD 0.514TEC = 0
r
k : 0.8 TBD + 0.771TEC 1440 N . m = 0
Apply the conditions for
static equilibrium to Solve the 5 equations for the 5 unknowns,
develop equations for the
unknown reactions. TBD = 451 N TEC = 1402 N
r v r r
A = (1502 N )i + (419 N ) j (100.1 N )k
Structural Analysis
Engineering Structure
An engineering structure is
any connected system of
members built to support or
transfer forces and to safely
withstand the loads applied
to it.
Structural Analysis
Statically Determinate
Structures
FBD of Joint A and members AB and AF: Magnitude of forces denoted as AB & AF
- Tension indicated by an arrow away from the pin
- Compression indicated by an arrow toward the pin
Magnitude of AF from
Magnitude of AB from
Zero Force
Member
Check
Equilibrium
Negative force if assumed
sense is incorrect
Show
forces on
members
Method of Joints: Example
Determine the force in each member of the loaded truss by Method of Joints
Method of Joints: Example
Solution
Method of Joints: Example
Solution
Structural Analysis: Plane Truss
When more number of members/supports are present than are
needed to prevent collapse/stability
Statically Indeterminate Truss
cannot be analyzed using equations of equilibrium alone!
additional members or supports which are not necessary for
maintaining the equilibrium configuration Redundant
L06
Structural Analysis: Plane Truss
Internal Redundancy or
Degree of Internal Static Indeterminacy
Extra Members than required Internal Redundancy
If three members form a truss joint for which two of the members are collinear,
the third member is a zero-force member provided no external force or support
reaction is applied to the joint
Structural Analysis: Plane Truss
Special Condition
DETERMINATE DETERMINATE
INDETERMINATE INDETERMINATE
INDETERMINATE DETERMINATE
Example problem 1
Determine B by solving the equation for the
sum of the moments of all forces about A.
M A = 0 : + B(1.5m ) 9.81 kN(2m )
23.5 kN(6m ) = 0
B = +107.1 kN
Fy = 0 : Ay 9.81 kN 23.5 kN = 0
Ay = +33.3 kN
Example problem 2
SOLUTION:
Create a free-body diagram for the car
with the coordinate system aligned
with the track.
R2 = + 8 kN
R1 = 2.5 kN
Create a free-body diagram
Determine the cable tension.
Wx = +(25 kN ) cos 25o
F = 0 : + 22.65 kN T = 0
= +22.65 kN x
Ax = +238.50 N
Ay = +1832.45 N
Create a free-body diagram for
the frame and cable.
M A = 0 : M A + (600N ) cos10(6m) (375N ) cos 20
(6m) = 0
M A = +1431.00 N.m
Example
SOLUTION:
Based on a free-body diagram of the
entire truss, solve the 3 equilibrium
equations for the reactions at E and C.
Fx = 0 = C x Cx = 0
F y = 0 = 10kN - 5 kN + 50 kN + C y
C y = 35 kN
Example
Method of Sections
Take advantage of the 3rd or moment equation of equilibrium by selecting an entire
section of truss
Not more than 3 members whose forces are unknown should be cut in a single
section since we have only 3 independent equilibrium equations
Structural Analysis: Plane Truss
Method of Sections
Find out the reactions from equilibrium of whole truss
MH =0
(7.50 kN )(10 m ) (1 kN )(5 m ) F GI (5 . 33 m ) = 0
F GI = + 13 . 13 kN
F GI = 13 . 13 kN T
Method of Sections: Example Solution
MG = 0
(7.5 kN )(15 m ) (1 kN )(10 m ) (1 kN )(5 m )
+ (FFH cos )(8 m ) = 0
FFH = 13.82 kN
FFH = 13.82 kN C
GI 5m
tan = = 2 = 0.9375 = 43.15
HI 3 (8 m )
ML = 0
(1 kN )(10 m ) + (1 kN )(5 m ) + (FGH cos )(15 m ) = 0
FGH = 1.371 kN
FGH = 1.371 kN C
Structural Analysis: Space Truss
3-D counterpart of the Plane Truss
Space Truss Idealized Space Truss Rigid links
connected at their ends by ball and
socket joints
L07
Structural Analysis: Space Truss
Space Truss
6 bars joined at their ends to form the edges of a tetrahedron
as the basic non-collapsible unit.
3 additional concurrent bars whose ends are attached to
three joints on the existing structure are required to add a
new rigid unit to extend the structure.
For a truss with m number of two force members, and maximum 6 unknown support
reactions Total Unknowns = m + 6
(m member forces and 6 reactions for externally determinate truss)
Therefore: A necessary condition for Stability but not a
m + 6 = 3jStatically Determinate Internally sufficient condition since one or more members
m + 6 > 3jStatically Indeterminate Internally can be arranged in such a way as not to
m + 6 < 3jUnstable Truss contribute to stable configuration of the entire
truss
Structural Analysis: Space Truss
Method of Joints
- If forces in all members are required
- Solve the 3 scalar equilibrium equations at each joint
- Solution of simultaneous equations may be avoided if a joint having at least one known force &
at most three unknown forces is analysed first
- Use Cartesian vector analysis if the 3-D geometry is complex (F=0)
Method of Sections
- If forces in only few members are required
- Solve the 6 scalar equilibrium equations in each cut part of truss
- Section should not pass through more than 6 members whose forces are unknown
- Cartesian vector analysis (F=0, M=0)
Space Truss: Example
Determine the forces acting in members
of the space truss.
Solution:
Start at joint A: Draw free body diagram
Express each force in vector notation
Space Truss: Example
4 6
= = 4
4 8