Question/ discussion

1. Explain the function of pipe hanger in plant.

A. To support weight of pipe-during operation & testing
Supports are required to support the line during all
conditions. During operation as well as during testing.

B. To take Expansion load

Whenever thermal expansion is restricted by support, it introduces
additional load on the support. Support must be designed to take
this load in addition to all other loads.

C. To take Wind load

Wind introduces lateral load on the line. This load is considerable
especially on large diameter pipe. This tends to sway the line from
its normal position and line must be supported guided against it

D. To take Earth quake load

The earthquake is normally associated with horizontal acceleration
of the order of 1 to 3 m/sec2. This is around 10% to 30% of the
gravitational acceleration and introduces horizontal force of about
10 to 30% of the vertical load (or supported mass). While designing
support this should be taken care.

E. To absorb Vibration of Piping system

When the pipe is subjected to moving machinery or pulsating flow or
very high velocity flow, pipe may start vibrating vigorously and
ultimately may fail, particularly if span is large. To avoid this it may
be required to introduce additional supports at smaller span apart
from other requirements.

F. To take Hydraulic thrust in piping

The hydraulic thrust in the pipeline is present at certain point such
as pressure reducing valve, relief valve, bellows etc.

If the control valve has large pressure differential and line size is
more, then this force can be very high. The support should be
provided and designed to take this load, otherwise this will load the
piping system and may cause failure.

2. List four(4) affecting lubrication

 I. Temperature
II. Viscosity of the lubricant
III. Operating speed
IV. Condition of the bearing surface
V. Purity of the lubricant

3. Discuss the purpose of maintenance duties

Tests and calibrates, to established standards, equipment such as

pressure and temperature transmitters, valve positioners, pneumatic controller,
electronic controllers, pressure and temperature switches and other process
control equipment. Installs, adjusts, inspects, services and repairs a variety of
mechanical equipment and mechanical parts of electrical machinery utilized in an
electrical power station including vertical and horizontal hydro-electric and
thermal generation equipment. Overhauls and adjusts turbines, generators,
boilers, pumps, valves, pneumatic controls and auxiliary equipment.

Makes repairs on high pressure vessels, such as boiler tubes, hand holes,
drums, steam lines, fire boxes, nose castings and expansion joints; welds
turbines, diaphragms, condensers, compressors, centrifugal pumps, pump shafts
and generators; uses stainless steel, cast iron, brass, aluminum, copper and
other alloys. Manufactures replacement parts and repairs and refinishes metal
components using special machine shop equipment such as carbide tool
grinders, hydraulic shears, hand saws, hydraulic presses, milling machines and
lathes. Installs insulation, metal covering, and insulating blankets on high-
pressure stem piping, low-pressure steam piping, air, and condensate, low and
high-pressure water lines. Removes and reinstalls insulation when lines need
maintenance. Develops, implements and maintains an effective program of
equipment and outage maintenance work; performs equipment inspections to
ensure that the equipment is safely maintained and operable; performs related
testing and repair as needed. Installs, tests and maintains heating, ventilating
and air conditioning such as compressors, condensers, pumps, control systems,
fans humidifiers, chillers and heat exchangers. Installs, tests, maintain and
repairs high voltage generators, motors, actuators equipment, turbine controls,
station auxiliaries, lights and control measuring devices. Supervises a program of
preventive maintenance of the electrical and/or mechanical equipment, structures
and building of power station operation; makes regular inspections and tests of
facilities to determine the overall condition of the power plant.

1. Choose the suitable equipment to service.

 AIR COMPRESSOR

2. Illustrate the suitable step during maintaining process of the equipment.

I. Checking Compressor Pump Oil Level

 Unless your air compressor is an oil free compressor, do not operate
without lubricant or with inadequate lubricant. Manufacturers and the
company from whom you bought it from cannot be responsible for
failure to do inadequate lubrication.

Ensure unit is off and disconnect from the power source

Ensure compressor is on a flat and level surface
Remove fill cap / plug
Inspect the oil in the crankcase assembly and look for dirt or
debris
Oil should not exceed the halfway point of the sight glass

II. Changing Compressor Pump Oil

Remember, the compressor pump head and surrounding parts are

HOT!

Ensure unit is off and disconnect from the power source

Ensure compressor is on a flat and level surface
Remove fill cap / plug
Place collection container underneath the oil drain cap.
Remove the oil drain cap, and let the oil drain out.
Replace the oil cap and be sure to tighten this nut securely.
White plumbers tape (PTFE) is generally a good idea to help
create a tighter seal. Fill crankcase with appropriate oil, be sure
it does not exceed the halfway point

III. Checking the air filer element

For the more common reciprocating air compressors.

Ensure unit is off and disconnect from the power source
Allow compressor pump to cool off.
Unscrew the filter top from the filter base by turning (generally) counter-
clockwise.
Separate the filter top cover from the base.
Remove the element from the filter base
Blow out dust and debris from the filter element.
Replace element if needed.
Reconnect filter top to the base and secure filter.

IV. Checking the air filer element

 For the more common reciprocating air compressors.

Ensure unit is off and disconnect from the power source

Allow compressor pump to cool off.
Unscrew the filter top from the filter base by turning

General Preventive Maintenance Schedule

Procedure Daily Weekly Monthly Annually

(200 Hours)

Check Pump Oil Level X

Oil Leak Inspection X

Drain water in tank X

check for weird noise and vibration X

Inspect all air leaks X

Inspect belts X

Check air filters, clean or replace X

check safety relief valve X

Check belts if necessary X

Check and tighten all bolts X

Check connections for leaks X

Service pump or engine X

1. Choose the suitable material for sampling
Water

2. Illustrate the suitable step during collecting sample.

Samples must be analyzed within 48 hours of collection. Samples

analyzed between 30 and 48 hours after collection will be flagged to indicate
possible invalid results. The shorter time elapsed between collection and analysis
of the sample, the more reliable the results. The reliability of the results will be
improved if shipped with blue ice in an insulated container.

Only samples collected in pressure-sterilized containers supplied by Service-

Tech Laboratories will be analyzed for coliform bacteria. Containers are available
at no cost from the lab.

Collecting Samples for Water Analysis

If requesting lead analysis from a tap or drinking water fountain, do not run water
through the tap or fountain for at least 8 hours prior to sampling.

1. Wash hands with soap and water before collecting sample.

2. For bacteria analysis, avoid collecting samples from outside sill-cock, frost-free
hydrants, taps with aerators or charcoal filter attachments, or hot water faucets.
3. If requesting lead analysis, collect the sample in the special trace metal container
from the initial water flow coming out of the faucet (first flow).
4. If submitting samples for bacteria analysis, disinfect the faucet with heat or
bleach. Do not use heat on plastic or soldered screens.
5. Let cold tap run at full force for at least 3 to 5 minutes to clear the line.
6. If testing for bacterial analysis, carefully open the lid of the container with the
orange STERILE label. Do not touch the inside of the container or the lid. Do
not lay the open container down.
1. Slow the flow of water to a stream free of bubbles and take the sample
without turning the faucet on and off.
2. Slowly fill the container with water to within inch of the container
rim. Do not splash or allow the container to overflow. Replace the lid.
b. Fill the non-sterile container(s) if testing for other parameters (if testing for heavy
metals- not including lead- the special trace metal container is also filled at this
time).
c. Tighten the lids securely on all bottles to prevent them from opening during
shipment.
d. Place the containers in the shipping box.
 e. Complete the information on the information sheet. Place the information in the
shipping box. Close, seal, and mail the box promptly.
f. Ship the sample early in the week to insure the sample arrives within 48 hours of
collection. Bacteria samples received on Friday will have a $10.00 surcharge.
Bacteria samples received after 3:00 p.m. of Thursday are considered Friday
samples.

Collecting Samples for Irrigation, 13 Parameters, and Livestock Water

Analysis.

1. Use only the non-sterile container.

2. Collect samples after the first irrigation set or cycle has been completed,
preferable during the peak of the pumping season.
3. Allow well to run for 1 to 2 hours prior to sampling.
4. Do not collect samples while injecting fertilizer or chemicals.
5. New wells should be sampled only after pipe and screen have been installed and
after pumping out all water added during the drilling operation.
6. Samples from lakes, streams, or ponds should be collected from the surface by
pointing the open bottle in the direction from which the water is flowing.

QUESTION AND DISCUSSION

1. Describe the hazard associated when collecting sample.

Technician take sample many time in their job

Expose to the hazardous gas and liquid to their body- inhalation/skin contact
- butadiene
-benzene
Long term effect such as cancer, nervous system dysfunction, leukemia
Explosion.

2. Explain why you should need flush the sample line before taking sample.
Dirt or other contaminant cause wear
Lubricants can flush such material out
Filter system
Schedule oil change
 3. Discuss the purpose of collecting sample.

It is important to keep that primary point of sampling is to create a small group from a
population that is as similar to the larger population as possible in essence, we want to have
a little group that is like the big group with that in mind one the feature we look for in sample
is the degree of representativeness well does the sample represent the larger population
from which it was drawn closely do the features of the sample resemble those of the larger
population.
Sampling is done in a wide vanity of research. Listed below are a few benefits of sampling.

I. Reduce cost
Data collected through a carefully selected sample are highly accurate measure of
the larger system.

II. Speed
Observation are easier to collect and summarize with a sample than with a complete
count.

III. Greater scope

Sometime highly trained personnel or specialized equipment limited in availability
must be used to obtain the data. Thus, surveys that rely on sampling have greater
flexibility regarding the type of information that can be obtained.

CONCLUSION
Technician cannot determine the quality of their product by looking at it or smelling it.
For technician to know the chemical composition of their finished product and process
streams they refer to analysis. Typical process unit sample are feedstock, finished
product(s), intermediate streams and environment sample.
Technician will be required to operated portable gas detector and sample various
atmospheres on a processing unit. Sampling of the ambient air is integral part of any
safety, environmental, or health program to assure compliance to environment
regulations, detect fugitive emissions, and protect employee and contractor safety and
health.
CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, we know more plant are assigning preventive maintenance duties and
responsibilities to process technician. Technician are in the best position to do routine
maintenance and preventive maintenance required to keep their equipment running
properly because process technician work with their equipment every day.
 KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA
KEMAMAN, TERENGGANU

DPV 4022
THERMODYNAMICS

ASIGNMENT

NAME : MUHAMAD AUZAAEI BIN JAAFAR

STUDENT ID : 333691208043
CLASS : DLM 4A
LECTURE NAME : PN. NUR AIN BINTI MOHD YUSOF
DATE OF SUBMIT : 18 MAY 2015
 KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA
KEMAMAN, TERENGGANU

DPV 4022
THERMODYNAMICS

LAB REPORT

NAME : MUHAMAD AUZAAEI BIN JAAFAR

STUDENT ID : 333691208043
CLASS : DLM 4A
LECTURE NAME : PN. NUR AIN BINTI MOHD YUSOF
DATE OF SUBMIT : 18 MAY 2015